...This essay will define stress and stressors. It will also explain the how stress can affect an individuals and outline and evaluate the at least two models of stress. It will explore how stress can be measured and outline and evaluate two models of stress and stressors. Stress is a pressure or force exerted on an object according to engineers and physicians (Gross r,Mcilveen r and Cooligan2000). Lazarus and folkman (1984) define stress as “a pattern of negative physiological states and psychological response occurring in a situation where people perceive threats to their well-being which they may be unable to meet” (Grossr,Mcilveen r and Cooligan 2000). There are different views of stress. Stress as a “stimulus” which means it is applied to the person or stressor and it is in the environment. This relates to the engineering model of stress identified by Cox (1978)(blackboard).secondly stress is seen as a “response”, the body identifies stress as a reaction made within the body(Blackboard).Selye 1956 defines stress as “the non-specific response of the body to any demands made upon it” this relates to the physiological model of stress(Blackboard). Finally stress is viewed as an interaction, in this view stress is seen as a transaction between environment and the individual and this relates to the “transactional model of stress” (Blackboard). The ability to cope with stress and the meaning people give to stressors will define the stress experienced (Blackboard).How people react...
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...Everyday, students carry with them the stress brought by studying. This stress is what pushes them to their limits and yearn for more. As stated in a study conducted by Conner, Pope and Galloway (2010), more than 70 percent of students feel stressed with their schoolwork and about 56 percent of them feel stressed about their grades and tests. This shows that students cannot avoid having with them the academic stress. For some reason, when one starts studying, academic stress comes after that. A school year never ends without having to experience this type of stress for a student. This kind of stress may be a cause of a certain phenomena for a student. Having the pressure to succeed leads students to cheat, to be depressed, and to use drugs (Conner, Pope, & Galloway, 2010). Academic stress has brought up several effects on a well being of a student. Due to works to be passed, the assignments to be done, researches to be made and the studying time needed students often forget their well being, they tend to forget on how to take care of their selves and just focus on their studies. Students have been reported to sleep fewer hours per night than the required amount of time which is 9.25 hours (Conner et Al., 2010). Lack of sleep has been a major cause of student’s problems when it is time for class. Lack of sleep makes one to easily lose focus because of being sleepy. Another major effect of academic stress is that students are experiencing certain malfunctions in their body. Stomach...
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...psychosocial, spiritual, and emotional well-being of the patient. Watson felt that addressing the patient's mind, body and spirit can promote health and individual or family growth. She felt that nursing was distinctive through the science of caring and medicine involved curing (Suliman, Welmann, Omer & Thomas, 2009). In this paper I will be discussing three assessment tools that can be used by nurses to verify better, organize, and interpret a patient's emotional and spiritual well-being. I will describe the purpose of each tool and the population it might be useful. I will give data such as; cost, length of time to complete, ease of using and intended population. I will also describe how this tool enhances the assessment phase of the nursing process and the quality of care delivered by the nurse. Lastly, I will apply these tools to the vulnerable older population chosen from my Self Awareness paper. The three assessment tools that I selected were: The Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Derogatis Stress Profile, and the Perceived Stress Scale. The Spiritual Well-Being Scale This Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) is an easy assessment tool, designed for adults to self-assess their perceived spiritual well-being. There are twenty questions answered by paper and pencil that usually take between 10 to 15 minutes to complete. Based on the results the individual can measure their perception of spiritual quality of life ("The Spiritual Well-Being Scale", 2009). The scale is divided into...
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...suffers from stress. No one is immune to it. A certain person suffers stress on some level. Sometimes levels are higher and sometimes they are considerably lower. We don’t have to let stress stop us from achieving what we want in life. Stress is common to workers, parents and citizens. Stress in the workplace is a growing concern in the present condition of the economy, where employees increasingly face conditions of overwork, job insecurity, low levels of job satisfaction, and lack of autonomy. Workplace stress has been shown to have a causing death effect on the health and well-being among employees, as well as a negative impact on workplace productivity and profits. These are solutions that individuals and organizations can take to alleviate the negative impact of stress, or it can be surpassed. But, employees must need to learn first to recognize the symptoms that indicates they are feeling stressed out and employees need to be aware at the effects that stress had on their employees’ health as well as on company profits. The pressures of modern lives, coupled with the demands of a job can lead to emotional imbalances that are collectively labeled stress. Not all stress is unpleasant. To be alive means to respond to achievement and the excitement of the challenge. In fact, evidence indicates that people need amount of stimulation, and that monotony can bring on some of the same problems as over work. Both good and bad events can cause stress in an adult’s...
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...defines stress as an applied force or systems of forces which tend to strain an individual body in such a way that the particular individual experiences the feeling of ‘not being in control’. From the psychology point of view, stress can also be considered as a reaction to a stimulus that disturbs an individual’s physical or mental equilibrium (Psychology Today, 2014). Given that numerous stressful events are capable of triggering different responses in human beings, it is fair to say that stress is an event that is omnipresent in every part of life; and hence is worth exploring. Significant investigations and debates into the issues of stress, its determinants and who are generally susceptible to stress have been rife in recent decades (Langan-fox and Cooper, 2011). The general consensus is that frequent exposure to traumatic events is the vital stressor for stress and everyone is susceptible to traumatic events and stress (Langan-fox and Cooper, 2011). Externalisation of stressful behaviours as a result of being exposed to traumatic events such as severe neglect, abuse and repeated violence is clinically termed as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2013). It has been maintained that PTSD creates psychological and physical imbalances in sufferers; and affects their physical and mental well-being negatively (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2013). From this standpoint, it can be argued that PSTD equally has the potential to affect the well-beings...
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...The Journal of Psychology, 2005, 139(4), 369–382 The Prediction of Stress by Values and Value Conflict DAVE BOUCKENOOGHE MARC BUELENS Department Of People and Organization Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School, Belgium JOHNNY FONTAINE Department of Personnel Management, Work, and Organizational Psychology Gent University, Belgium KARLIEN VANDERHEYDEN Department of People and Organization Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School, Belgium ABSTRACT. The authors investigated the relationships among stress, values, and value conflict. Data collected from 400 people working in a variety of companies in Flanders indicated that the values of openness to change, conservation, self-transcendence, and self-enhancement were important predictors of stress. Participants open to change reported less stress, whereas participants who had high scores on conservation, self-enhancement, and self-transcendence perceived more stress. People who reported high value conflict also experienced more stress. Separate analyses for men and women showed that there were gender differences in the relationships observed between the 4 value types and stress. These data have noteworthy theoretical and practical implications. Key words: stress, values and value conflict CONSIDERABLE SKEPTICISM AND CONFUSION exist in research on values because of the plethora of questionnaires and definitions that have been used in the past (Hofstede, 1984; Kluckhohn, 1951; Rokeach, 1973; Schwartz & Bilsky, 1987; Super, 1980)...
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...Stress at Work Have you ever had a job or position that left you feeling pressure, anxiety, discontent, or completely disconnected? You are not alone; nearly everyone who is employed has experienced those feelings at one time or another in their life. The world, in which we live, is fast paced and ever changing. Companies have grown increasingly demanding and as a result the workload has increased while the workforce has not. As less people are used in the work force the workload is ever increasing. The stress at work can eventually spill over into all aspects of that person’s life thus causing more damage and further issues. The key is to recognize the stress and the impact it has and use the best way to manage stress while still being able to adapt to a changing working environment. Recognizing the Stress In order to solve any issue, we must first acknowledge the problem and then understand what is causing us to have that problem. Stress can creep up on anyone; it can remain un-detected for quite some time. Our body is a wonderfully constructed marvel of engineering brilliance. More often than not, when something goes wrong, there are warning signs exhibited. While it is very common to have busy days at work, there is a difference between being busy and being stressed. The various signs of stress may include frequent headaches, stomachaches, elevated blood pressure, lack of sleep, depression, and many other symptoms. There are a multitude of things that can contribute...
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... Stress by book definition is defined to be a state of mental tension and worry caused by problems in your life, work, etc: something that causes strong feelings of worry or anxiety: physical force or pressure. (Merriam-Webster, 2016) According to McGrath stress is an imprecise term that usually defined in terms of the internal and external conditions that create stressful situations, and the symptoms that people experience when they are stressed. “So there is a potential for stress when an environmental situation is perceived as presenting a demand that threatens to exceed the person’s capabilities and resources for meeting it, under conditions when he expects a substantial differential in the rewards and costs from meeting the demand versus not meeting it.” (McGrath, 1976) His definition implies that the degree of stress is correlated with a person’s perceived inability to deal with an environmental demand. Stress is correlated with a person’s fear in failure. (McGrath 1976) Stress can effect just about anyone in many different ways, there can be allot of stress that is associated with organizational behavior, different people deal or cope with their stress in different ways during work which can determine how that person produces throughout the day. Stress in the work place is very common among people who work for a living; powerlessness is a universal cause of job stress. When a person feels powerless they start to feel helplessness and hopelessness as well, they don’t...
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...able to: Assess health behavior choices, apply that information to everyday life for the improvement of individual, family, and community well-being. Identify preconceived ideas about knowledge, values, and behavior that affect health and compare with established research and accepted scientific evidence. How to be Successful in this Course Plan to spend at least 9 hours per week on this course. Login and keep up with readings, discussions, and quizzes on a weekly basis. Click on Course Map and get familiar with it. First, introduce yourself in the Discussion Forum. Before you begin with the Module readings, take some time to get to know your classmates. Click on the Discussion and Private Messages link to the left of your screen. Click on Discussion Forum titled: Introductions Post a message to tell us a little bit about yourself such as your major, degree plans, career goals, hobbies/interests, and why you are taking this course. Read your classmates' introductions. See if you can find anyone with whom you have something in common. Second, read the Syllabus carefully. Click on the Syllabus link and read the Syllabus Click on Assignments, Tests and Surveys link to take the ungraded quiz about the syllabus. o This will give you a chance to check on your understanding of course requirements as well as get familiar with...
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...Holistic Stress Management Strategy Plan Excelsior College Abstract A number of personal stressors are indicated and explained with some specifics to their impact on the health of the author. A discussion follows concerning the stress of finances and the fear and anger associated with such stress. Finally, a plan is developed to describe how techniques garnished throughout the course can and will be applied as part of an overall strategy plan of stress management. Holistic Stress Management Strategy Plan The Stressors It would be an interesting study to be able to record a week of my life, from the point of view of exactly what I see, hear, say and feel (physically and emotionally), and then review the movie and have an accurate picture of what the major stressors of my life are. There was a time in my life when I would realize that my mood had gone south, and when asked what was wrong, I would honestly answer that I did not know. Was it that my dishwater just leaked out of the sink? Was it that garbage needed to be taken out? At that time in my life, it appeared that trivialities like that could instantly change a good mood bad, and it took some introspection to learn how this happened. Oftentimes, there was something else lingering under the covers that was waiting for a trigger, such as a full garbage can. And oftentimes this thing lingering under the covers was as equally trivial. For example, if I was working in the yard on a hot day and became thirsty, I...
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...Stress management What is stress mangement Stress management refers to the wide spectrum of techniques and psychotherapies aimed at controlling a person's levels of stress, especially chronic stress, usually for the purpose of improving everyday functioning. In this context, the term 'stress' refers only to a stress with significant negative consequences, or distress in the terminology advocated by Hans Selye, rather than what he calls eustress, a stress whose consequences are helpful or otherwise positive. Stress produces numerous symptoms which vary according to persons, situations, and severity. These can include physical health decline as well as depression. The process of stress management is named as one of the keys to a happy and successful life in modern society.[1] Although life provides numerous demands that can prove difficult to handle, stress management provides a number of ways to manage anxiety and maintain overall well-being. Despite stress often being thought of as a subjective experience, levels of stress are readily measureable using various physiological tests, similar to those used in polygraphs. Many practical stress management techniques are available, some for use by health practitioners and others for self-help, which may help an individual to reduce stress, provide positive feelings of being in control of one's life and promote general well-being. The effectiveness of the different stress management techniques can be difficult to...
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...(RSCH - 8100Y - 2) Dr. Medha Talpade April 27, 2014 Introduction Stress is any physical or natural force that if not controlled, can bring severe mental distress to an individual. Stress can be a natural part of life that allows the individual to learn and mature. If stress is left unattended, major problems will occur. If a stress is ignored, an individual will lose their ability to function. If the response to stress is deficient or if the stress itself is overwhelming, sickness or death will occur (Stress. 2014). The purpose of this study is to determine how well an individual can manage stress and to what extent coping skills control stress. Stress has become a way of life. Stress and its deleterious effects have become widespread. Coping measures are exceedingly important in managing the effects of severe stress. This study will be able to substantially supplement past studies and add additional data to the stockpile of medical knowledge. The object of this study will be to discover at what point do personal coping skills lose their effectiveness and the impact of injurious stress threaten a person’s well being (Marnocha, 2003). Purpose Statement The purpose of this quantitative study is to determine the degree to which individuals have to undergo stress before coping skills break down and the barriers to injurious stress that threatens a person’s well-being. The ability to manage stress has been studied and researched by a number of prominent researchers. These...
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...is essential for one’s rite of passage. Through the journey of adulthood, many experience life changes. Many individuals may inherit responsibilities such as being able to support themselves financially, making decision that is either right or wrong, and being self-independent. With more responsibility, that individual will become more and more stress. Stress is a common problem that affects almost all of us at some point in our lives. It is unavoidable and beyond our control. Stress affects our mental and physical well-being. Learning to identify when you are under stress, what is stressing you, and different ways of coping with stress can greatly improve both mental and physical well-being. Although moderate stress is...
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...Lessons Learned: New Information for A Better Life FULL NAME Mt San Antonio College Abstract Information from Introduction to Psychology can be very useful in real life. Information regarding stress can help a person adjust the level of stress. He can find the best coping method if he knows the basic coping methods and how they work. He will also realize the importance of happiness, and the useful methods to improve the happiness set point. The class also gives the information on several mental disorders, and their symptoms so that students can aware and help those who are suffering from such disorders. However, a person has to aware of the extreme fear of stress and become hesitant in making decisions. The knowledge of stress, happiness, and disorders together with the awareness of extreme fear of stress can improve a person’s life significantly. While every class can provide information and knowledge, receiving that information as lessons, especially useful lessons, is not always applicable. While almost everybody would believe that they are familiar with psychology, most of them have misunderstood or underestimate the meaning of psychology. Psychology is more than a therapy which is used to treat mental disorders and social problems (Weinkauff, 2014). In fact, psychology is a very huge field with many subfields, and its applications are used in not only in therapies, but also in other practical applications (Wade & Tavris, 2014). People can improve their lives by...
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...The Effects of Stress in the Military: How Soldiers are Being Better Prepared TJ Bethel College Author Note This paper was prepared for Psychology 182 and English 101, taught by Dr. Carlson and Dr. Davis. Also, for the use as an example writing for Tj. Abstract Those who risk their lives every day are bound to be under stress. From performance-based consequences such as marksmanship, firing rate, and positioning to the physiological and psychological aftermath of war-induced stress, members of the militaries around the world have suffered. With ever-changing war strategies, soldiers face foreign stressors that can only be found on the battlefield. It is now a priority to address the natural responses to these stressors by conditioning the soldiers to improve and alleviate stress’s consequences for soldiers worldwide. Stress management and coping mechanisms that are being designed now will improve soldiers’ military careers. The Effects of Stress in the Military and its Consequences: How Soldiers are Being Better Prepared Stress is inevitable. Stress is found in children struggling to make friends, in teens coping with peer pressure, and in adults providing for their families. It can be present in the life of any individual. Military personnel are no exception to this. For military personnel, risking their lives is what they do. Stress affects members of all armed forces in many ways. Immediate, short-term effects as well as lasting, long-term effects have been...
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