...------------------------------------------------- Stress and Coping This paper defines the theory of stress and coping and applies it to multiple scenarios. Also included are ways the process can be expanded to include those that cannot cope. ------------------------------------------------- Stress and Coping This paper defines the theory of stress and coping and applies it to multiple scenarios. Also included are ways the process can be expanded to include those that cannot cope. Psy. 320 Psy. 320 Stress and Coping The theory chosen for this paper was the stress and coping theory created by Lazarus. Lazarus stated that stress is directly linked to coping. An explanation of the stress and coping theory will be given followed by two real life scenarios. These scenarios will be analyzed for both how they are applicable to this theory and how they are not. These scenarios will be further explored to assess the need to develop and create new theoretical models of motivation in today’s changing work environment, and what the ramification may be for failing to do so. The theory behind stress and coping is one that can be explained better with a series of chained events used to illustrate the process of coping. First there is an influencing factor. This can be personal or situational. This is followed by a primary appraisal. The primary appraisal is how a person deems the situation harmful or harmless. If a person deems the situation as harmless there is no stress and therefore...
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...process that establishes positive adaptation and effective coping strategies to overcome these changes or misfortunes. Individuals vary in strength and limitations thus one’s resilience differ depending on their behaviour, cognitive thinking and actions. Resilience is not a stabilised personality trait, for it can change over time and may not be apparent in one stage of a person’s life but it can be learned and developed in several stages such as in early childhood, adolescent or adulthood depending on the availability of protective factors outweighing the risks.(Coleman & Hagell, 2007) Resilience is accomplished through interventions aiming for a strength-based approach which can be...
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...Stress–Essay on definitions & coping strategies By Karyn Krawford 08/08 Introduction: Weiten et al (2009) propose that stress is an epidemic in the 21st century that commonly affects all of us on a daily basis, when considering minor stress from environmental conditions such as noise and pollution. Even though time saving gadgets and self help tools have increased substantially in the 20th century and people have more control over their lives, there is an increase of anxiety and people have less free time. “We will define stress as any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and thereby tax one’s coping abilities”. (Pg 71). For example a person can no longer meet external demands such as work or relationships because they feel they do not have the resources to cope. Chronic stress is in the eye of the beholder. Stress is of such concern that the UK now recognises ‘National Stress Awareness Day’ (http://www.nationalstressawarenessday.co.uk). What is Stress? 1. Stress is defined firstly by an event. Our primary appraisal of the event is conducted and then a secondary appraisal of available coping resources. If the event taxes resources that are often not available it is considered a 'stressor'. For example a person perceived to be experiencing stress could have problems with the resource; maintaining peace of mind. 2. Stress types - There are acute (short-term) and chronic (long- term)...
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...IssuesNursing Science Quarterly NSQXXX10.1177/0894318411419218Florc Research Issues Research Based on the Roy Adaptation Model: Last 25 Years Nursing Science Quarterly 24(4) 312–320 © The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0894318411419218 http://nsq.sagepub.com Callista Roy, PhD; RN; FAAN1 Abstract Two key events lead to the prominence of links among Roy’s grand theory, derived middle-range theories and the design of research. The author in this column describes this work in two formats. Essential details of two areas of research are presented in episodic form—the first is work on secondary analysis of Roy model-based research over 40 years and the author’s study of persons’ cognitive recovery from mild head injury.The second is a project on re-conceptualizing coping and adaptation processing in sequential detail within the context of work in the field and the significance of on-going work for nursing practice. Keywords adaptation, coping, middle-range theory, research, Roy adaptation model The story of research based on the Roy adaptation model (RAM) can be told in many ways. When asked to write about research based on the RAM in the past 25 years I considered the major events of those years and also how to organize a description of the resulting research. First, I considered that it was 20 years ago that the first group presented a synthesis and critique of studies based on the RAM by...
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...dysfunction. Health Pattern for my family There are eleven areas of the family health assessment: Values, health perception, nutrition, rest, elimination, activity, cognition, self-perception, role relationships, sexuality and coping. My family values include Christianity and spirituality. My family states if you give to the lord he will give back. We have some unhealthy habits in terms of adequate nutrition. We base our meals on convenience instead of health. We eat fast food or restaurant food for approximately 3 meals per week. When meals are prepared at home we eat at the family dinner table. Easy snacks and meals have become a commodity and convenience has overpowered healthy meals. Obesity, Gestational Diabetes and Hypertension run on all side of our family and should be a factor in relationship to our nutritional intake. We have a routine at home with nap and sleep schedules. However, I have a small child who frequently wakes in the night and disturbs the household sleep pattern. My husband also suffers from frequent insomnia and will watch television till the early morning hours. The youngest child is potty training. My husband suffers from Crohns disease, which is greatly affected by his dietary intake and stress. Due to the diversity and age differences in the home, we are leading an active lifestyle. We have cheerleading, baseball, soccer, horseback riding and family park time. However, there is...
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...(RSCH - 8100Y - 2) Dr. Medha Talpade April 27, 2014 Introduction Stress is any physical or natural force that if not controlled, can bring severe mental distress to an individual. Stress can be a natural part of life that allows the individual to learn and mature. If stress is left unattended, major problems will occur. If a stress is ignored, an individual will lose their ability to function. If the response to stress is deficient or if the stress itself is overwhelming, sickness or death will occur (Stress. 2014). The purpose of this study is to determine how well an individual can manage stress and to what extent coping skills control stress. Stress has become a way of life. Stress and its deleterious effects have become widespread. Coping measures are exceedingly important in managing the effects of severe stress. This study will be able to substantially supplement past studies and add additional data to the stockpile of medical knowledge. The object of this study will be to discover at what point do personal coping skills lose their effectiveness and the impact of injurious stress threaten a person’s well being (Marnocha, 2003). Purpose Statement The purpose of this quantitative study is to determine the degree to which individuals have to undergo stress before coping skills break down and the barriers to injurious stress that threatens a person’s well-being. The ability to manage stress has been studied and researched by a number of prominent researchers. These...
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...Adjustment to Health Change or Crisis This essay will discuss a patient that I worked with during year two of my course, who has experienced a health change. I will also explore the psychological, social and physical changes to the patient and how adjustment was used on her lifestyle. Corsini (2002,p 20) defines Adjustment as “ Modifications of attitudes and behaviour to meet the demands of life effectively, such as carrying on constructive interprofessional relations, dealing with stressful problematic situations”. In accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Councils Code of Conduct (NMC, 2009) to protect my patient’s confidentiality, I will refer to the patient as Margret and her husband as Charles. Margret is a 62-year-old lady who is a recently retired shop owner. She has been married for 40 years to Charles. Margret lives with her husband in a 2- bed bungalow. Margret and Charles have three sons. The sons live abroad but Margret has regular contact with them via the Internet and telephone. Margret has no other close family around her. Margret is an active lady and enjoys walking, swimming and other light exercise. Margret had attended a Doctor’s appointment at her local General Practice (G.P.) as she had not attended a check up for well over 30 years. Margret has no other medical problems and has reported to feel fit and well, with no concerns. The Doctor decided to perform a full health check and take a urine sample. The urine sample had detected glucose. Following...
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...Stress and adaptation are the basis of Roy’s Adaptation Model and Neuman’s System Model. Roy and Andrews stated that the goal of nursing is the promotion of adaptive responses through the mode of coping. Neuman’s theory deals with a person’s responses to stress. This application of stress to nursing is important the meaning of the stressor to the individual and the resources and support that the person has in coping. Indeed, they provide a framework for nurses to assess the effects of stress, both physical and psychological, on the individual and the coping processes that the individual uses. When assessing a client’s stressors, it is important for the nurse to also consider the meaning of the stressor to the individual and the resources support that the person has in coping with the stressor. The nurse can help with problem-solving or cognitive restructuring to facilitate effective coping and adaptation. This can also lead to the development of new coping strategies for the individual (McEwen & Wills, 2007). Lazarus’ theory deals with how a person copes with stressful situations. Whereas Selye’s focus is on the body’s pshsiologic responses, Lazarus focused on the person’s psychological responses. He viewed these responses as a process and stated that a process-oriented approach is directed toward what an individual actually thinks and does within the context of a specific encounter. Dr. Neuman saw the nurse-patient relationship as a system which should be kept in a steady...
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...University of the People Written Assignment Unit 5 PSYC 1111 – Introduction to Health Psychology. Psychological Influences on Pain Perception: The Gate Control Theory and the Power of Blogging. Pain is often considered a purely physical sensation, but in reality, it is a complex experience heavily influenced by psychological factors. Effective pain management requires an understanding of these factors. In order to better understand how pain is perceived, this paper first examines Melzack and Wall's (1965) Gate Control Theory of Pain. It then makes a connection between this theory and Tsai et al. (2018) Research on the benefits of blogging for chronic pain and illness. A Pain Theory Based on Gate Control The Gate Control Theory proposes a mechanism for modulating pain via the spinal cord. According to the theory, small nerve fibers, or A fibers, carry nociceptive (pain) signals from the periphery to the spinal cord. Following this, an interneuron network controls a "gate" that these signals pass through. Large nerve fibers (A fibers) carrying non-painful sensory information, such as touch, can open or close the gate controlling the activity of these interneurons....
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...Assessment Tool Analysis Paper Assessment tools are created to help nurses provide competent nursing care for each unique patient. Assessment is an essential part from the nursing process throughout which nurses collect details about the patient and family to create a care plan. “Assessment involves collecting information about person’s circumstances and needs, and making sense of that information in order to decide what support, treatment or care to provide” (Slater & McCormack, 2005). In order for nurses to make sound clinical decisions, the nurse needs the information gathered from assessment. This paper will analysis three assessment tools used in healthcare, they are the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and the Coping Resources Inventory for Stress Scale. These assessment tools can be used and applied to a wide range of ages and vulnerable populations. Having a better understanding on how the patient perceives themselves, the nurse is able to develop a plan of care to address the body, mind, and spirit. Dysfunctional Attitude Scale The first assessment tool is the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS). This test measures many different areas of the personality such as approval, achievement, perfectionism, entitlement, omnipotence, and autonomy (DeGraaf, Roelofs, & Huibers, 2009). The main measure is of dysfunctional attitude which is a sign of depression. As a nurse this is a valuable tool to help find depressive symptoms in a patient. By using this test...
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...COPING STRATEGIES OF FOURTH YEAR STUDENTS DURING EXAMINATIONS IN SANTA ROSA SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL YEAR 2011-2011 A thesis presented to the faculty of Polytechnic University of the Philippines In partial fulfillment of all the requirements on RH 630 Research Seminar I Master in Educational Management By Ms. Jesusa G. Habig Summer 2011 Chapter I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction In schools, every student guaranteed to have tests. Unfortunately, many students do not handle the stress taking exams well. Despite what some people might think, all stress is not bad. How students cope with stress is different story. If the student is able to take exam stress, feeling and forcing oneself to act in a positive way, such as studying effectively, stress can be good. Not coping well with exam stress however can make attending school difficult. Learned resourcefulness theory suggests that people high in resourcefulness can minimize the negative effect of stress on their performance, therefore they can do better than less resourceful individuals under stressful conditions (Rosenhaum, 1990). The purpose of this study is to determine the coping strategies of fourth year high school students of Santa Rosa Science and Technology High School during examinations and to investigate the effects of coping strategies on students’ satisfaction and academic achievement. It will help students and teachers have a satisfying teaching and learning relationship. ...
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...Introduction ‘Everyone who has ever held a job has, at some point, felt the pressure of work related stress’ (Coetzee and Schreuder 2009:34). Be consistent with referencing ‘Any job can have stressful elements, even if one likes the job. Further to this, it has been established that more than one third of working people in organizations experience work related stress on a daily basis, but just one third of organizations provide sufficient resources to help employees manage stress’ (De Bruin and Taylor 2006:56). Stressful working conditions in Zimbabwean industries have been rampant with evidence of absence of remuneration and hostile working environment. The question isn therefore, how has employees been coping with stress with particular reference...
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...Richard Russo’s memoir, Elsewhere, provides a son’s narration of a lifetime of adventures and tribulations with his mother, Jean. The piece also provides an ideal case study of development, experiences, challenges, and transitions across the adult phases of the human lifespan, thereby allowing for an application and analysis of adult psychology theories and concepts that are commonly presented in more objective and less narrative works. First, attention will be paid to the roles and relationships that Richard and Jean Russo establish throughout their lives. Then, cognitive aging and decline will be discussed in relation to Jean’s physical and mental health and her dementia. Richard’s role as Jean’s primary caregiver will be studied through...
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... What are the causes of stress in Michael’s or Jennifer’s life? How is stress affecting Michael’s or Jennifer’s health? There are several key factors in Jennifer's life leading her to stress. Subconsciously she is still dealing with the loss of her baby, her mother, and the possibility of losing her father. Also her career is adding major stress to her life from her keeping everything together, and the long commutes to and from work. Also the fact that she is trying to please her husband, his parents, and her co-workers, it adds extra stress to her. Jennifer includes the comment that she does not feel like she is keeping up with housework. Her commute is lengthy and perhaps if Antonio could contribute to regular chores as well as meals this would alleviate some of her pressure to take care of housework. How are these stressors affecting Michael’s or Jennifer’s self-concept and self-esteem? Jennifer is torturing her body health wise, by trying to...
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...Everyone counts on Jennifer and she takes pride in never letting people down. Jennifer has visited her physician numerous times in the last six months, complaining of headaches, backaches, and indigestion. Jennifer insists that she is happy and is not feeling stressed, yet she finds herself making more mistakes at work, unable to keep up with housework, and feeling tired and overwhelmed; she has begun to question her effectiveness as an employee, wife, daughter, and potential mother. Her pains seem to be increasing, but her doctor cannot find a physical cause for her discomfort. (Axia College, 2011) 1. What are the causes of stress in Michael’s or Jennifer’s life? How is stress affecting Michael’s or Jennifer’s health? Jennifer’s stress level is high even though she may think otherwise. Her stress level has been building for at...
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