...teenagers have limited knowledge in sex and without proper safety precaution, unwanted pregnancy might occur. Besides that, taking care of children can be a difficult task for teenagers as they are still students and their parents might choose abortion for their daughters. Moreover, crimes of rape happen in our society increasingly nowadays and this leads to abortion problem among the females. Other than that, the health condition of a pregnant woman/mother could also be one of the factors to cause congenital death of unborn baby or even worse and forced to abort. Statement of the Problem According to the report from Index Mundi towards Malaysia birth rate, the birth rate in the country has declined steadily year by year; one of the reasons would be the rise in the number of abortion. This phenomenon should be viewed with concern and the researchers want to discover the reasons that make women to induce abortion. Abortion is considered illegal in Malaysia (however, there are some exception). Hence it causes many women to delay undergoing abortion and encourages the proliferation of such services to conduct illegal abortions in the black market. There was a report by Kosmo The Star, said that according to the statistics by the police, there were at least 100 abandoned babies a year. Besides that, the sale of abortion pills becomes so open in our country. Another report by Kosmo The Star, disclosed that the availability of abortion pills at private maternity...
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...It's very common at this time, the pregnant women are going to have shortness of breath or to breathe faster, which is very uncomfortable. The blood flow increased and may lead to unpleasant pregnancy signs of sickness, such as bleeding gums, nosebleeds, or nasal stuffiness. Having a baby developing inside the body may also feel like you're spinning around and almost falling because of the changes to their blood and blood tubes in the body. During the fifth month is when women usually feel unborn-baby-related movements for her first time. This feeling I wonderful for them, because they feel more in contact with the baby. It may feel like flaps moves unsteadily or butterflies in the stomach. This is called quickening -- spring to life; become...
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...yet amazing — transformation. And it happens quickly. Hormones trigger your body to begin nourishing the baby even before tests and a physical exam can confirm the pregnancy. Knowing what physical and emotional changes to expect during the first trimester can help you face the months ahead with confidence. First trimester pregnancy: Your body Consider common physical changes during the first trimester of pregnancy. Bouts of nausea Morning sickness, which can strike at any time of the day or night, sometimes begins as early as three weeks after conception. Nausea seems to stem at least in part from rapidly rising levels of estrogen and progesterone, which cause the stomach to empty more slowly. Pregnant women also have a heightened sense of smell, so various odors — such as foods cooking, perfume or cigarette smoke — might cause waves of nausea in early pregnancy. To help relieve nausea, eat small, frequent meals throughout the day. Choose foods that are low in fat and easy to digest. It's also helpful to drink plenty of fluids. Avoid foods or smells that make your nausea worse. Try drinking ginger ale. For some women, motion sickness bands are helpful. For others, alternative therapies such as acupuncture or hypnosis offer relief. If you're considering an alternative therapy, get the OK from your health care provider first. Contact your health care provider if the nausea is severe, you're passing only a small amount of urine or it's dark in color, you can't keep down...
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...Makati Medical Center - College of Nursing SY 2011 – 2012 A Case Study Presentation on the Care of a Mother with Preeclampsia Superimposed on Chronic Hypertension In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirement of NCM102 – Related Learning Experience Submitted To: Submitted By: Leader: Knight, Catherine P. Members: Iglesias, Pauleen Itliong, Juliane B. Javier, Reniccia Janel Joaquin, Gian Denise M. Kwek, Michael Angelo L. La Sangre, Anne Gabrielle B. Lacerna, Iruel Victor III Leynes, Sofia Antonniette M. Lindawan, Ma. Kristine S. BSN II – B Group 2 December 17, 2011 Table of Contents Chapter I - Introduction A. Description of the Case………................................................................. 4 B. Purpose and Objectives........................................................................... 5 C. Significance and Justification....................
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...idea to consult with your health care provider to determine what is best for you. Nutrition and Exercise * 2200 calories/day * Well balanced, healthy diets with adequate fiber promotes baby’s growth and mother’s energy and comfort * Take prenatal vitamins as prescribed * Avoid the use of alcohol and tobacco * Small, more frequent meals may help a nauseous woman get good nutrition * Many women can continue to exercise regularly. * Daily exercise that suits your level of fitness can help decrease fatigue and stress * Discuss your exercise habits with your health care provider * Avoid overheating and maintain good hydration during exercise * Second Trimester This second stage of pregnancy lasts until the end of the seventh month and is many times the easiest stage of pregnancy as most women will start to regain some of their energy. During this stage your stomach will begin to expand and those around you will start to notice that you are pregnant. At this time any feelings of morning sickness should dissipate, although some women may continue to experience it (usually to a lesser extent). At this point you may also...
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...early weeks of your pregnancy. See that your supplements contain added goodies like calcium, iron, and Vitamin B12 as well. Week 2 Right now, you're just dying to find out: Am I pregnant or not? Unfortunately, you'll need to stick it out a bit longer. About four days after your egg is fertilized, it begins producing a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), which pregnancy tests can detect in about another week -- first in your blood (via a test at your doctor's office) and then in your urine (which an at-home screening would spot). Week 3 Get yourself a good doctor -- pronto! Having a healthcare provider you like and trust is key. After all, this is the person who will guide you through your entire pregnancy, labor, and delivery, along with the millions of questions, tests, and emotional ups and downs along the way. If you don't currently have an ob-gyn you love, ask friends, family, and coworkers for recommendations or research practices until you find someone you feel comfortable with. And, hey, your choices are not limited to regular obstetricians. You might also want to investigate alternative or additional types of care -- including midwives or family physicians Week 4 Don't be surprised if your doctor doesn't schedule an appointment to see you until your 8- to 12-week mark. Many healthcare practices have potential mommies-to-be come in for a blood test with a nurse first to confirm pregnancy and then wait until you're far enough along to better estimate...
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...INTERNET, PROSTITUTION, AND HIV/AIDS The number of HIV/AIDS cases in the Philippines has surpassed the 10,000- mark in July. The Department of Health's Philippine HIV/AIDS Registry showed that from 1984 to September 2012, there were 10,830 HIV cases and 1,078 of them became AIDS with 353 deaths. To date, about 10 new cases are reported daily. Since the first AIDS case was diagnosed in 1984, the HIV/AIDS level in the Philippines has been regarded as mysteriously “low and slow.” However, latest statistics seem to suggest that the country's luck is running out. Although HIV prevalence remains below one percent of the general population, it has already breached one percent among key population at higher risk. Sexual contact is the most common mode of HIV transmission, but from 2007 there has been a shift in the predominant trend of sexual transmission from heterosexual contact (20%) to males having sex with other males (MSM, 80%). The DOH clarified that men who engage in sex with men were not all homosexuals. It reiterated that HIV/AIDS is not about being gay but about men having unprotected sex with men. In October, the DOH announced the results of its study conducted last year that showed online social networking contributes to the rise in the HIV/AIDS cases in the country. The study covered 180 MSM respondents. Of the 180 respondents, 124 admitted to using online network sites for dating and sex, while 133 said they had sex with people they contacted through online network...
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...UNIT 1- CAR BODY DETAILS Cars can come in a large variety of different body styles. Some are still in production, while others are of historical interest only. These styles are largely (though not completely) independent of a car's classification in terms of price, size and intended broad market; the same car model might be available in multiple body styles (or model ranges). For some of the following terms, especially relating to four-wheel drive / SUV models and minivan / MPV models, the distinction between body style and classification is particularly narrow. Please note that while each body style has a historical and technical definition, in common usage such definitions are often blurred. Over time, the common usage of each term evolves. For example, people often call 4-passenger sport coupés a "sports car", while purists will insist that a sports car by definition is limited to two-place vehicles. Body work In automotive engineering, the bodywork of an automobile is the structure which protects: ⦁ The occupants ⦁ Any other payload ⦁ The mechanical components. In vehicles with a separate frame or chassis, the term bodywork is normally applied to only the non-structural panels, including doors and other movable panels, but it may also be used more generally to include the structural components which support the mechanical components. Construction There are three main types of automotive bodywork: ⦁ The first automobiles were designs...
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...FACILITATOR’S MANUAL TOSOUTH SOUTH THE SOUTH TO SOUTH PARTNERSHIP FOR COMPREHENSIVE FAMILY HIV CARE AND TREATMENT PROGRAM (S2S) South Africa has the largest HIV burden of any country in the world, with an estimated 5.7 million people living with the virus. Women and children remain at the centre of the pandemic in terms of transmission, vulnerability and potential for impact. To continue to build on the existing successes of South Africa’s antiretroviral (ARV) program, the capacity for HIV disease management must be enhanced. It is essential that HIV disease management transition from an individual case management to a family-centred and chronic-care approach targeting and prioritising pregnant women and children. Enrolling pregnant women and children into HIV care and treatment early and regularly can prevent new HIV infections and reduce morbidity and mortality, effectively sustaining the quality of life of mothers, their children, and their families. The scale up of effective prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and paediatric ARV care and treatment programs are crucial in the fight against HIV but are challenged by many factors including perceived complexity of treating pregnant women and children, inadequate paediatric and PMTCT knowledge and clinical skills, lack of psychosocial and adherence support, delays in integrating PMTCT services with antenatal and child health management systems, and gaps in referral systems. The South to South Partnership...
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...Where There Is No Doctor 2010 Where There Is No Doctor 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Library of Congress has already cataloged the 10-digit ISBN as follows: Werner, David, 1934Where there is no doctor: a village health care handbook / by David Werner; with Carol Thuman and Jane Maxwell-Rev. ed. Includes Index. ISBN 0-942364-15-5 1. Medicine, Popular. 2. Rural health. I. Thuman, Carol, 1959-. II. Maxwell, Jane, 1941-. III Title. [DNLM: 1. Community Health Aides-handbooks. 2. Medicine-popular works. 3. Rural Health-handbooks. WA 39 W492W] RC81.W4813 1992 610-dc20 DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress 92-1539 CIP Published by: Hesperian 1919 Addison St., #304 Berkeley, California 94704 • USA hesperian@hesperian.org • www.hesperian.org Copyright © 1977, 1992, 2010 by the Hesperian Foundation First English edition: October 1977 Revised English edition: May 1992 Eleventh printing: July 2010 ISBN: 978-0-942364-15-6 The original English version of this book was produced in 1977 as a revised translation of the Spanish edition, Donde no hay doctor. Hesperian encourages others to copy, reproduce, or adapt to meet local needs, any or all parts of this book, including the illustrations, provided the parts reproduced are distributed free or at cost—not for profit. Any organization or person who wishes to copy, reproduce, or adapt any or all parts of this book for commercial purposes, must first obtain permission to do so from Hesperian. Please contact Hesperian before...
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...development of the embryo starts, when the sperm meets the egg. Women who are trying to get conceive stop drinking, smoking and taking drugs (even over the counter ones) to ensure their body is fully ready for pregnancy. At this time women also try to get in the right mind set so that they are not only physically ready but also mentally as pregnancy and birth can be a traumatic experience and they need to be able to keep sane and not and not succumb mental trauma it can cause. Emotional stability is also a big thing a women needs to consider when she is trying to conceive because she needs to be in control of her emotions as pregnancy is a taxing process and even conception. If a woman is trying to conceive but has no success it can cause her to get frustrated and begin to think something is wrong with her, so she needs to be stable enough in her emotions that it doesn’t overwhelm her and prevent her chances of conception further. Pregnancy: Also known as gestation, is when a woman carries a baby after successful conception. Pregnancy is commonly known to last nine months when really it is slightly longer at 40 weeks. Pregnancy has 3 stages called trimesters and each lasts around 3 months. The first trimester goes from 0 to 12 weeks, during this time your hormone levels change and the uterus begins to become habitable for a baby to grow and develop these changes also come with negative ones. These are the common pregnancy symptoms such as morning sickness, fatigue and headaches...
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...------------------------------------------------- Albanian cuisine The cuisine of Albania is influenced by Turkish, Greek, and Italian cuisines, as well as ancient Greek, ancient Roman and Byzantine cooking. Every region in Albania and Kosovo has its own unique dishes. Albanian cuisine is characterized by the use of various mediterranean herbs such as Oregano, Black Pepper, Mint, Basil, Rosemary and more in cooking meat and fish. Olive oiland butter is also a main ingredient in different dishes. In Albania, meat (lamb, cow, rabbit and chicken) is used heavily in various dishes in most of the country. Seafood specialties are also common in the coastal areas such as Durrës, Vlorë,Shkoder, Lezhe and Sarandë. Vegetables are used in almost every dish. Usually, Albanian farmers grow every vegetable present in the Mediterranean region and sell them at the local Farmers Market. Vegetables are brought fresh at the Farmers Market early in the morning and this market is opened everyday. The main meal of the Albanians is lunch, which usually consists of gjellë, the main dish of slowly cooked meat, and a salad of fresh vegetables, such as tomatoes, cucumbers, greenpeppers, and olives. The salad is dressed with olive oil, vinegar, and salt. ------------------------------------------------- Appetizers * Bread (Bukë) or Corn Bread (Bukë misri) are ever present on the Albanian table. Hence the expression for "Going to eat a meal" (Albanian:për të ngrënë bukë) can be literally translated...
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...Chapter: 01(Managing and the Manager’s Job) Page#26 Jumpin’ Jack Flash Jack Armstrong doesn’t have the cutest little baby face, but he has other qualifications for getting ahead despite the fact that he’s still relatively young. He’s smart and creative, and he combines a high‑energy approach to getting things done with aggressive marketing instincts. He’s just 36 now, but Jack can already boast a wealth of management experience, largely because he’s been quite adept at moving around in order to move up. He started out in sales for a technology company, outsold his colleagues by wide margins for two years, and was promoted to regional sales director. After a year, he began angling for a position as marketing manager, but when the job went to a senior sales director, Jack left for a job as a marketing manager with a company specializing in travel products. Though a little impatient with the tedious process of sifting through market‑research data, he devoted his considerable energy and creativity to planning new products. His very first pet project— a super‑lightweight compact folding chair—outstripped all sales projections and provided just the impetus he needed to ask for a promotion to vice president of marketing. When the company took too much time to make a decision, Jack moved on again, having found a suitable vice presidency at a consumer‑products firm. Here, his ability to spot promising items in the company’s new‑product pipeline— notably a...
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...so, the researcher will attempt to establish the local community’s perception of female circumcision and elucidate some of the reasons practitioners cite as benefits of female circumcision. The research focuses on Mabvuku and Tafara suburbs because there are people of different ethnic groups with varying customs and values that shape their behaviour and way of life. Mabvuku and Tafara have an unusually high concentration of people of Malawian, Mozambican and Zambian origin who migrated to seek work mostly before the Zimbabwean independence. Due to this diversity, women and girls who have undergone female circumcision were interviewed. Mabvuku is a high-density suburb some seventeen kilometres east of Harare. It is classified as a suburb or township of Harare, with the Harare City Council constituting local government. This inquiry is exploratory, descriptive and qualitative in nature, based on interviews with women who had undergone the practice in Mabvuku-Tafara. The inquiry can be termed therefore, a qualitative research done through a case study design. This research method is preferred because the researcher is exploring a subjective understanding of social reality rather than a statistical description of generalized ideas. The quest is to discover a socially constructed reality from the viewpoint of the people being studied. This research presents female circumcision in its cultural context to understand the ethical motivations of this on-going practice and the reasons why...
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...BLOOD FUNCTIONS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The term cardiovascular1 system refers only to the heart and vessels, which are the subject of chapters 19 and 20. The study of blood, specifically, is called hematology.2 The fundamental purpose of the circulatory system is to transport substances from place to place in the body. Blood is the liquid medium in which these materials travel, blood vessels ensure the proper routing of blood to its destinations, and the heart is the pump that keeps the blood flowing. More specifically, the functions of the circulatory system are as follows: Transport * The blood carries oxygen from the lungs to all of the body's tissues, while it picks up carbon dioxide from those tissues and carries it to the lungs to be removed from the body. * It picks up nutrients from the digestive tract and delivers them to all of the body's tissues. * It carries metabolic wastes to the kidneys for removal. * It carries hormones from endocrine cells to their target organs. * It transports a variety of stem cells from the bone marrow and other origins to the tissues where they lodge and mature. Protection * The blood plays several roles in inflammation, a mechanism for limiting the spread of infection. * White blood cells destroy microorganisms and cancer cells. * Antibodies and other blood proteins neutralize toxins and help to destroy pathogens. * Platelets...
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