...‘Illness is simply a matter of bad luck, bad judgement, or bad genetics’ is a statement that expressed how health can be affected by the ‘luck’ of the environment that an individual is born into. The aforementioned statement expressed how health can be affected through a bad judgement of misdiagnoses made by health practitioners. The statement then declared how having bad genes allows an individual to become more susceptible to specific disease (Marvell, 2012). This statement focused on how health is influenced by psychological (bad judgement) and biomedical (bad genes) determinants, for example, being overweight is seen has having bad genes however, sociocultural factors such as gender, media and age can also largely affect an individuals’ health status. In 2002 the World Health Organization (WHO) released the Madrid Statement, saying: "to achieve the highest standard of health, health policies have to recognize that women and men, owing to their biological differences and their gender roles, have different needs, obstacles and opportunities." Meaning that the needs and barriers of both women and men (for example, women are more likely to develop breast cancer than males) are a major influence on the health of the individual and if the Government wants to achieve high national health, knowing the needs and overcoming the barriers must be addressed. A bad luck obstacle males have to face is the expectancy to participate in labour intensive jobs such as being a constructor and...
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...school students all over the country know someone that uses or abuses at least one drug. Not only are drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and methamphetamines bad for you, over the counter drugs such as painkillers can be just as bad. Some people even make the choice to use steroids to have an advantage in athletics or just to look more physically fit. Drugs have been a serious issue for student athletes for a long time and are still an issue today. Drug testing of members of high school athletics and activities should take place to make sure that students aren’t making decisions that could turn into addictions and so that they are putting themselves in a position to be successful. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, in 2013, drug use was down to just under twenty-nine percent. This was about seven percent lower than the year before. Drug use had started to decrease until the use of marijuana skyrocketed. Today, fifty percent of high school seniors have admitted to using an illegal sometime in their life and about thirty-five percent admitted to using marijuana in the past year (The Science of Drug Abuse & Addiction). Also reported was the use of Adderall. Just fewer than...
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...In the past few years, drug use in high school students has continually increased. Drug use is a major problem and is becoming more and more of a dilemma everyday. Because of this, school administration are starting to take a stand. They have began giving “random” drug tests. These drug tests affect students who participate in extracurricular activities, plan on attending prom, and have a high school parking pass. By giving these random drug tests, schools are given a chance to track the drug usage throughout their school. Teen drug and narcotic usage has became more of a problem in recent years due to the fact that students are beginning to feel more comfortable with the consequences that could be faced when being caught with or using drugs. By putting that into perspective, raising the consequences of being caught with drugs along with conducting drug tests, the usage of drugs and narcotics may become more feared. People have concurred that drug testing has both strengths and weaknesses; however, many people will agree that the arguments agreeing with drug testing outweigh the arguments against it. Random drug tests are a distinguished way to control the uprising problem of drug usage among teenagers. Although high school drug tests have caused controversy, they are the best way to solve the drug...
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...first recorded person who used marijuana by mixing it with alcohol, for “anesthesia”. Nowadays in the US society, people have started to use marijuana for recreational purposes, and it is responding to obvious abuse damages of human health. Whether the use of marijuana for recreational use should be legalized or not is still a question that bothers many generations of human society. In my paper, I will be against...
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...Introduction: While most college students legitimately suffer when attempting to complete their studies, some students revert to misusing prescription drugs to help confront the overloaded assignment schedules. The misuse of prescription drugs, such as Adderall, has provided some college students the edge over others. Being a full-time college student and employee, I feel the full effect of an overloaded work schedule. I have often thought about ways to overcome heavy workloads and the misuse of Adderall passes through my mind. However, before we go any further, we must define Adderall. Adderall is a prescription drug that is prescribed to individuals that suffer from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or better known as ADHD. Through my years of college, I’ve heard various rumors that Adderall aids in productivity. Some of these rumors include; Adderall can make one remain focused on the task at hand; Adderall can prevent one from becoming tired, therefore giving one the ability to stay awake and...
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...of Ontario undergrads used cannabis in the past year (CAMH) this interest group is of the uptmost importance. Cannabis use is not simply amongst a small group of people in Canada, as 45.3% of Canadian citizens used cannabis in their lifetime and although cannabis consumption has been somewhat stable since 2005, it has almost doubled between 1996 and 2015, with an increase rate jumping from 8.7% to 14.5 respectively. Also, adolescents who use cannabis are more likely to...
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...Marijuana is the most abused drug in the United States especially among teens and young adults. Since 1970’s Control Substances Act, marijuana has been considered a Schedule 1 drug (Odabasi, 45). It still is a Schedule 1 drug, but now these laws are starting to be reevaluated. In recent years many states have begun to pass laws to allow marijuana use in their boarders. However, the state laws conflict with the Supreme Court’s 2005 ruling against using medical marijuana in the United States (Odabasi, 51). Cannabis, weed, pot, and Mary Jane are just a few...
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...Drug use in society 2011 12/13/2011 Business Communication-2 Final Report (The viewpoint of iobm students on the use of drugs in our society) submitted to: Mr. Sheikh Irfan submitted by: Muhammad Moaaz Iqbal Afridi (11391) Asad Ali Roomy (10877) Muhammad Ali ( Muhammad Ali Qureshi ( Table of contents Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 9 1.1. Background: 10 1.2. Purpose statement 11 1.3. Limitations of research: 12 1.4. Main Research Questions: 12 1.5. Other research Questions: 12 1.6. HYPOTHESES 13 1.7. Population: 14 1.8. Research tool: 14 1.9. Methodology: 14 1.10. Scope of the research 15 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 16 2.1. TYPES OF DRUGS 17 2.1.1 Heroin 17 2.1.2 Cocaine 18 2.1.3 Methamphetamine 19 2.1.4 Crack Cocaine 20 2.1.5 LSD 21 2.1.6 Ecstasy 22 2.1.7 Opium 23 2.1.8 Marijuana 24 2.1.9 Psilocybin Mushrooms 25 2.1.10 PCP 26 2.2 DRUGS DUE TO DEPRESSION: 27 4.3 Peer Pressure and Drug Use 35 4.4 Drug enforcement agencies 36 4.5 Drug Trafficking in Pakistan 38 4.6 Statistics 40 5 Methodology 43 5.1 Questionnaire 44 5.2 INTRODUCTION 46 5.3 Research Findings 47 5.4 Data Analysis 51 6 CONCLUSION 65 6.1 Introduction 66 6.2 Recommendations 68 6.3 Bibliography 69 Letter of transmittal To: Sir Sheikh Irfan, business communication II From: Asad Ali Roomy, Mohammad Ali Qureshi, Mohammad Ali, Moaz Date: 8th December, 2012 Subject: Transmittal of report on “Use of drugs...
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...major changes completed in different states, communities and even countries. In these cases some changes are unwelcome. Today I've chosen a development that affects not only the world around me but also the choices of friends and people who support the use of recreational marijuana. There are two states in the US that has legalized recreational use of Marijuana. The first state to legalize this gateways drug was our Nation’s capital. Following in the footsteps a few years later the great state of Colorado joined the movement. Today I will be focusing strictly on the state of Colorado. There is seemingly more publicity and problems for the state...
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...A STUDY ON DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTHS AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIP 青年濫藥與家庭關係的研究 THE FINAL REPORT (FINAL version) February 2011 1 PREFACE The project on the study on “DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTHS AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIP” (“the Study”) is being undertaken by the Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention and the Department of Social Work and Social Administration at the University of Hong Kong (“the Consultant”). The research team comprises the principal investigator (PI), Professor Paul YIP, Director of the Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention and Professor of the Department of Social Work and Social Administration at the University of Hong Kong, and eight co-investigators (Co-Is), Dr. CHEUNG Siu Lan Karen (Demographer), Dr. Sandra Tsang (Social and Family Worker), Dr. Samson Tse (Focus group expert on mental health and drug abuse), Dr. Wong Oi Ling (Family therapist, Family Institute), Prof. Karen Laidler (Sociologist, expertise on assessing drug abuse problem), Dr. Paul Wong (Clinical psychologist), Ms. Frances Law (Social Worker), and Dr. Lilian Wong (Associate Consultant, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hospital Authority). We would like to thank Mr. Gary Ip, the research assistant of the Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Ms. Garlum Lau, the senior research officer 2 of the Department of Sociology, the participants and NGOs for focus groups and case studies for their kind and valuable support on this...
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...killed by tobacco." - W.H.O. The incidence of drug abuse among children and adolescents is higher than the general population. This is notably because youth is a time for experimentation and identity forming. In developed countries drug abuse among youth is generally associated with particular youth subcultures and lifestyles. This causes an acceptance by members of the subcultures of drugs and their use. In Asia figures of drug abuse are hard to find but after cannabis, Amphetamine-type Stimulants (ATS) are the most commonly uses amongst children and youth. There have been various studies carried out in the region regarding drug abuse. A 1996 study of eight cities in seven provinces of China showed that over a half of heroin abusers are below 25 years of age. A school survey conducted in 1999 among students aged 12 to 21 years, in Vientiane, reported 4.8 per cent lifetime abuse for ATS. In India an NGO survey revealed that 63.6 % of patients coming in for treatment were introduced to drugs at a young age below 15 years. According to another report 13.1% of the people involved in drug and substance abuse in India, are below 20 years. Heroin, Opium, Alcohol, Cannabis and Propoxyphene are the five most common drugs being abused by children in India. A survey shows that of all alcohol, cannabis and opium users 21%, 3% and 0.1% are below the age of eighteen. An emerging trend about child drub abusers is the use of a cocktail of drugs through injection, and often sharing the same...
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...with ADHD and no prescription. Neuroenhancing drugs, categorized as stimulants, are most often prescribed to people who’ve been diagnosed with ADHD. Students are the main focus of this research paper because data supports the claim that neuroenhancers are often used to improve performance in the classroom. There are positive and negative results that come from the use of neuroenhancing medication. A qualitative study by Margaret Talbot examines a Harvard student and includes personal insight from an Adderall user that earned a college degree. If a student doesn’t have access to prescribed neuroenhancers, and has a hard time focusing on schoolwork, is the student similar to someone with bad vision and no access glasses? The current situation in our information based economy with a growing need for higher education puts prescribed users of neuroenhancement at an academic advantage over people with similar neurological characteristics and no prescription. Defining the Drug ADHD medication has an intended purpose to improve the ability for the user to focus on a given task. More specifically, “stimulants increase the activity of the sympathetic nervous system; making students feel more alert.” (Schoenfeld and Konopasek, 15) Many students suffer from fatigue or a short attention span yet aren’t diagnosed with ADHD. These students deserve a chance to receive cognitive enhancing medicinal “boost” just as much as any other student. Schoenfeld and Konopasek explained, “Stimulant...
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...Performance Enhancing Drugs John Alvarez Student #0588681 Essay 2 April 1, 2015 PHI – 010 Professor Andrea Yusim Words: 1,519 In a country that is obsessed with winning and competition, athletes, teams and even fans have tried to gain an advantage against their competition. As athletes become bigger, stronger and faster, the margin and window of opportunity to become the best athlete in their respective sports is surely becoming smaller and smaller. Many people will argue that performance enhancing drugs will help in promoting player health and recovery and that sports in general will benefit overall. In this paper, I will argue that the argument in favor of performance enhancement drug use is not valid because performance enhancing drugs are unethical, create unfair competitive advantages and do not promote the very essence of the value of sports which is hard work and team work. Team and individual sports in the United States is a very important part of culture. Athletes are revered for their prowess and mastery of their respective sports and are at times treated as demi-gods. Individual teams and entire leagues depend on these very athletes to compete at the highest level and with the utmost sense of integrity in order to show that their leagues are played ethically. So not only are athletes expected to be at their very best, they are also expected to do so without compromising the integrity of the sport such as cheating by using PEDs. In the article “Drugs, Sports and...
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...History of marijuana Early Marijuana Use Marijuana has been used as an agent for achieving euphoria since ancient times; it was described in a Chinese medical reference traditionally considered to date from 2737 B.C. Its use spread from China to India and then to N Africa and reached Europe at least as early as A.D. 500. Marijuana Plants / Cannabis The first direct reference to a cannabis product as a psychoactive agent dates from 2737 BC, in the writings of the Chinese emperor Shen Nung. The focus was on its powers as a medication for rheumatism, gout, malaria, and oddly enough, absent-mindedness. Mention was made of the intoxicating properties, but the medicinal value was considered more important. In India though it was clearly used recreationally. The Muslims too used it recreationally for alcohol consumption was banned by the Koran. It was the Muslims who introduced hashish, whose popularity spread quickly throughout 12th century Persia (Iran) and North Africa. Marijuana in America In 1545 the Spanish brought marijunana to the New World. The English introduced it in Jamestown in 1611 where it became a major commercial crop alongside tobacco and was grown as a source of fiber. By 1890, hemp had been replaced by cotton as a major cash crop in southern states. Some patent medicines during this era contained marijuana, but it was a small percentage compared to the number containing opium or cocaine. It was in the 1920’s that marijuana began to catch on...
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...the audience and demographic he is targeting, (McKay, 2010). While evaluating this article, I can see McKay’s individual subjectivity. Specifically in the paragraph: “Congress had failed to recognize what many already know about our policy of criminal prohibition of marijuana – it has utterly failed,” (McKay, 2010). Has congress really failed? Depending on whom you are and what your background is, an individual may robustly resist McKay’s view point. Furthermore, in the same paragraph he maps out the ramifications and chain reactions from allowing what some may deem a minor drug but, should be considered more of gateway allowing ease of access to other, more hazardous narcotics. In essence, allowing the government’s involvement of illegal drug operations. From the view of a person that may be in employment with the F.B.I. or Police Department, a federal agent may see copious victories with each drug trafficker that is brought to justice; each case could be considered an accomplishment, not a failure. However, because a law has been beneficial for certain situations in the past, does not ascertain that it will work for our society in present day. McKay, a former prosecutor for a large distributor of marijuana and former federal law enforcement officer, he has been able to witness what the penalties are in this area of law enforcement; but are...
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