...Literature study In order to adress the question 'Is music education at an early age necessary to reach a professional level in music?', an independent study was performed for Polifonia in 2005. In this study the focus is on music education that takes place before the level of higher education and especially on the necessity of students receiving music education before they enter higher music education. Several factors that are known to influence the development of young musicians are discussed, such as the influence of the parents, the amount of practice and the starting age. This literature study tries to determine which factors are the major contributors to professional musical development. Therefore, in the first chapter several questions and hypotheses are stated about factors expected to influence musical development that are tested through the literature discussed and reviewed in the present study. The first chapter focuses on grounds for teaching music and the intrinsic value of music and music education. This chapter forms the foundation of the study, by emphasizing the importance of music and music education for all children, whether they will be professional musicians or not. A thorough understanding of the development of music students is necessary to provide them with the best music education possible. In order to understand the development of children in general and children who want to become (or eventually will be) musicians in the second and third...
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...In Nigeria, there are so many factors influencing the ability of students to cultivate effective and efficient study habit. (Ozmer 2005) emphasized the importance of environmental influence as a major factor in the development of students studying habit and academic performance. .NCAA Division I athletic programs are usually the largest and best funded. Many of the student-athletes receive full or partial scholarships. NCAA Division I programs also have high regional, and often high national, visibility. Athletes in these programs face a great deal of public scrutiny. These are usually high-power programs and some of the issues of student-athletes may bring to the sport psychologist includes worries over maintaining scholarships, pressures from coaches, and exposure in the media. NCAA Division I schools are often “pressure cookers” for athletes, especially in the revenue sports of football, basketball and baseball. Many schools also specialize in one or two nonrevenue sports and pressures on athletes in those sports can be substantial. Working with College Student-Athletes for many students-athletes, starting college brings about substantial psychological change and adjustment (Gould & Finch, 1991). The demands placed on students-athletes (e. g., academic pressures, sport performance, training, travel) usually exceed the demands experienced by non-athlete students. Students-athletes face a variety of developmental issues and have a number of special pressures, including...
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...Franz Bopp, a German linguist made Sanskrit the focus of his comparative study of grammatical systems, and for generations after, Sanskritocentrism became the norm for comparatists. The impact of Sanskrit towards the progression of comparative Indo-European linguistics can be attributed to the “quality, quantity, antiquity, and longevity of Sanskrit literature” (Rocher, 2014, p. 191). Other prominent scholars that were influenced by Panini’s works include Saussure and Bloomfield. Frits Staal, a Dutch linguist stated that the idea of rules in language as what was put forth by Saussure and further explored by Chomsky, originated from Panini (Panini, 2013). As for Bloomfield, his synchronic grammatical works which include compounds and word formation were influenced by Panini’s grammar (Rogers,...
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...Review of the Related Literature and Studies A researcher needs to review the write-ups, readings, and studies related to the present study in order to determine the similarities and differences of the findings between the past and present studies Related Literature * Literature maybe defined as written works collectively, especially those enduring importance, exhibiting creative imagination and artist skill which are written in a particular period, language, and subject. * In other words, any written matter such as book, journal, magazine, novel, poetry, and encyclopedia are considered as literature. Guidelines on Effective writing of Literature 1. Research paper must be written in a formal style, which is in the third person, not the first person. 2. Avoid highly descriptive writing style, not appropriate for a scholarly research. 3. Language should be neutral gender, no sexy language like his. 4. Make the conclusion and contradictions found in the literature clear in the report. 5. Use proper grammar and proofread the work. 6. Never plagiarized, give credit to the original author of ideas. 7. Pay attention to the structure and form of published articles, which are good examples of how literature reviews can be written. Example 1. Peters (1993) claims that job-related stress can enhance productivity up to a certain point. There is, however, a threshold point beyond which stress becomes a harmful factor in one’s productivity. On...
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...Chapter II Review of Related Literatures and Studies This chapter presents the related literature and studies that is relevant and significant to the current studies. This presents a survey of related literature and studies which is reviewed by the researchers to be understood and help the researchers to gather more information. Analysis of Students’ Performance in Junior Secondary School Mathematics Examination in Bayelsa State of Nigeria The finding of this study showed that students’ performance in 2006 JSS Mathematics test was high. Comparing the hypothetical pass mark of 20.00 with the students’ mean score of 28.59 this indicated that the students performed very well. This result is in agreement with Linn (1965), Anderson (1942) and Akpan (1989) who reported that if an examiner has a favourable attitude towards a particular subject, then this will reflect in his performance in that subject. This is to say that since mathematics has been made compulsory and a pre-requisite for admission into the senior secondary, hence the students have developed a favourable attitude towards the subject resulting in their high performance. On whether performance is influenced by sex, the result showed that male students obtained higher mean score than the females with the calculated t-value significant. This result is in line with those of Fememe and Sherman (1977), Grambs (1972), Comber and Keeves (1973), Tyler (1961), Fin et al. (1979) and Maccoby and Jacklin (1975) who all...
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...CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents the summary of related literature and studies that were gathered by the researchers from different references like the Internet, books and unpublished theses that were really a big help in relating this study. The gathered related information served as a starting point in evaluating and understanding the whole study. The following chapter shall review the current literature on energy related consumer behavior and attitudes to sustainable consumption. This section of the research also reviews the trends of previous research conducted on domestic energy use. The chapter shall finally delve into some of the instruments used to affect energy efficient consumer behavior, as well as the effectiveness of one or a set of instruments. Related Literature Saving energy is one of the most fundamental things we can do as student of Bicol University to save money and help balance our budget. "This is an opportunity to cut expenses without affecting services; I encourage everyone to make energy conservation part of our daily routine", (President Curt Tompkins), [1]. The energy is conserved by the “law of conservation of energy”. It states that energy can be neither created nor be destroyed. Energy is a finite resource. The materials we derive energy from (oil, coal, electricity, etc.) can also harm the environment. By conserving energy you help to save parts of the environment. There are many ways to conserve...
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...The Importance of the Study of Literature to the Christian I agree that technology is significantly effecting the literacy of our children. As stated in Lesson 3 it is as if childhood is disappearing (Liberty University) along with their literacy skills. Children today start using computers in schools as early as Kindergarten; but children are using electronics at home as soon as they are able to push a button. Children do not learn as much by reading and writing as much as we used to. It is not about going to the library to do research anymore but searching the World Wide Web for information. This greatly decreases critical thinking skills when you can just Google for the answer to your problems. This even includes actual writing skills because they can just type everything in and let a computer program do much of the editing for us. Then, we have the use of acronyms used on a daily basis and of course, cell phone texting is the most obvious example of this. Adults almost need a special dictionary to figure out what they are saying. Next, with the easy access our children have to so many types of technology, they get exposure to significant amounts of adult content. They see and hear it their music, television shows and on the internet. We see the evidence in the way they dress, their behavior, and their language. (Liberty University) Our children are growing up too fast! They know things by elementary school that my generation did not even think about until high school...
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...Advanced literary study was established on a resistance between the canon and its other, mainstream culture. The theory wars of the 1970s and the 1980s and, specifically, the appearance of structuralist and post-structuralist theory, changed this relationship. With the passing of writing, the refinement amongst high and popular culture was no more extended reasonable, and the field of request moved from literary into Cultural Studies. In this work, Anthony Easthope contends this new train must locate a methodological agreement for its examination of authoritative and famous writings. Through a point by point feedback of contending speculations (British cultural studies, New Historicism, cultural materialism) he demonstrates...
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...The lessons presented this week were informative and interesting. Choosing only one reason to study secular literature is difficult to do, but, I have chosen to expand on the indication that literature helps us to understand human behavior. I chose this area because as I am reading books and other material, I am building the visual picture of what, how, and why the characters act or react as they do. And sometimes I am surprised that the way I envisioned the outcome is completely different than what is actually written. When reading about the way that circumstance causes a certain reaction I think we are able to broaden our ability to relate to the differences among people in our society. If we only apply our own experiences and cultural background to everyone around us we are almost certain to judge and interpret reactions or behaviors incorrectly. By having a broader understanding that circumstances and reactions differ among people of different ages, cultures and even in people within our own families and same cultures we can better communicate and appreciate people as a whole. It may not always be that we agree with their reaction, but, we can certainly understand why the reaction may or may not be like our own. Lesson three indicates that when we are studying literature that we should consider the motivation, intention or plausible reasons that the characters react as they do. By doing this with multiple circumstances and different outcomes, we can reason that...
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...with a grade of ________. Chairman Member Member Accepted as partial fulfillment for the degree, Bachelor of Science in Social Work. Approved by: Mrs. Teresita Caranguin Dean, SASTE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT There are always great people with great minds who in one way or the other, contribute to the completion of this simple research. As a simple way of recognizing their unending efforts, the researchers would like to express their sincerest thanks, appreciation and heartfelt gratitude to those people who are eternally indebted in the condition of this research work; Mrs. Teresita Caranguin, the very supporting Dean of the School of Arts and Sciences and Teacher Education for granting permission to conduct this study. Our instructor, who assisted the researchers to float the questionnaire in her class. Mrs Bella Patricia G Osalvo., the researchers kind and patient teacher and adviser who spared her time and effort guiding the researchers in the...
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...Related Studies and Literature Local Related Literature In joining a fraternity, one must undergo the initiation rites better known as hazing. Some dismiss hazing as a parochial issue, to be dealt with only by the universities and academies involved. But in his article “Hazing should concern us all”, Juan Alvin Tiamson submits that it should concern us all. He wrote that by now, hazing particularly the violent kind has invaded most of our institutions. It is now prevalent in schools even in police and military academies. Hazing, as we all know, systematically develops a culture of violence among the youth. Most importantly, the bonds developed by hazing become seeds of corruption. Hazing is hazing whether it results in death, mutilation or years of pain or whether it is done inside or outside the school or institution. In the article “Fraternal Fury” written by Argee Guevara, he stated that there is something intriguing and frightening about the culture of college fraternities. The more we try to understand it, the more we end up abhorring it. As a result of two rival fraternities rumble, one was reported by TV Patrol to have been severely injured after getting a pretty nasty whack on the head when rival frat men pounce on him with lead pipes, clubs and baseball bats. The cause of rumble is un-important since rumbles erupt for a variety of reason, none of which is intimately related to the pursuit of academic excellence, the repudiation of our foreign debt or the liberation...
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...Review of Related Literature and Studies Foreign Literature Classroom management is defined as a “multi-faceted concept that includes the organization of the psychical environment, the establishment of rules and routines, the development of effective relationships, and prevention of and responsive to misbehavior” (Garrett, 2008) The ideal classroom environment will have “fewer disruptions during instructional time, better teacher planning, classroom organization, and student engagement, this will allow for more learning time” (Weiner, 2010) Montessori’s pedagogy, as those of Dewey (1937) and Kilpatrick (1918), follows a belief of constructivism rather than behaviorism. Montessori (1912) strongly encourages educators to be observers of student’s activities and not restrict the student’s mobility with unnecessary discipline. A student will learn when that student is actively engaged in an assignment, problem-solving and constructing their own understanding. Foreign Studies According to Milner & Tenore (2010), Teachers are sometimes pressured and closely monitored by their administrators to follow a set frame of referral, discipline, and management, which can make it difficult for teachers to employ culturally responsive classroom management. Teachers can experience less than ideal support from administrator; consequently, their students may believe that the teachers “forget to care” about them. In a highly structured classroom environment we...
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...II. Review of Related Literature and Studies Interacting with friends and family across long distances has been a concern of humans for centuries. As social animals, people have always relied on communication to strengthen their relationships. When face-to-face discussions are impossible or inconvenient, humans have dreamed up plenty of creative solutions. The history of social media is the roots of social media stretch far deeper than you might imagine. Although it seems like a new trend, sites like Facebook are natural outcome of many centuries of social media development. The earliest methods of communicating across great distances used written correspondence delivered by hand from one person to another it is also called letters. The earliest form of postal service dates back to 550 B.C., and this primitive delivery system would become more widespread and streamlined in future centuries. In 1792, the telegraph was invented. This allowed messages to be delivered over a long distance far faster than a horse and rider could carry them. Although telegraph messages were short, they were a revolutionary way to convey news and information. Although no longer popular outside of drive-through banking, the pneumatic post, developed in 1865, created another way for letters to be delivered quickly between recipients. A pneumatic post utilizer’s underground pressurized air tubes to carry capsules from one area to another. Two important discoveries happened in the last decade of the...
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...Experimental psychology is an area of psychology that utilizes scientific methods to research the mind and behavior. While students are often required to take experimental psychology courses during undergraduate and graduate school, you should really think of this subject as a methodology rather than a singular area within psychology. Many of these techniques are also used by other subfields of psychology to conduct research on everything from childhood development to social issues. What Do Experimental Psychologists Do? Experimental psychologists work in a wide variety of settings including colleges, universities, research centers, government and private businesses. Some of these professionals may focus on teachingexperimental methods to students, while others conduct research on cognitive processes, animal behavior, neuroscience, personality and many other subject areas. Those who work in academic settings often teach psychology courses in addition to performing research and publishing their findings in professional journals. Other experimental psychologists work with businesses to discover ways to make employees more productive or to create a safer workplace, a specialty area known as human factors psychology. The History of Experimental Psychology * 1874 - Wilhelm Wundt published the first experimental psychology textbook, Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie (Principles of Physiological Psychology). * 1875 - William James opened a psychology lab in the...
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...Minister Jerrod Smith J D M DIV, Clifton Lucas (2011).The True Alpha And Omega: Unmasking Spiritual Wickedness in Fraternities and Sororities. Bloomington, Indiana AuthorHouse. edited by Craig LaRon Torbenson, Gregory Parks. ().Brothers and Sisters: Diversity in College Fraternities and Sororities. Eastpark Boulevard Cranbury. Associated University Presses. Brandy Taylor Fink(2010). Disrupting Fraternity Culture: Folklore and the Construction of Violence against women. Boca raton Florida, Universals Publishers. Hank Nuwer (2001)Wrongs of Passage: Fraternities, Sororities, Hazing, and Binge Drinking. Bloomington : Indiana University Press Louis W.M. Harrigan (2008) How to Survive College Spiritually. Bloomington, Indiana. AuthorHouse Alan DeSantis (2007). Inside Greek U.: Fraternities, Sororities, and the Pursuit of Pleasure, Power, and Prestige. Lexington, Kentucky. University Press of Kentucky. Harriet L. Schwartz (2004). Spirituality One Hundred and One. Woodstock, Vermont. SkyLight Paths Publishing Hank Nuwer (2004). The Hazing Reader. Bloomington, Indiana. Indiana University Press Raymond F. Paloutzian, Crystal L. Park (2013). Handbook of the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, Second Edition. Spring Street, New York. Guilford Press Edited by Christopher Cook (2013). Spirituality, Theology and Mental Health: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Golden Lane, London. Hymns Ancient and Modern Ltd Marian De Souza, Leslie J. Francis, James O'Higgins-Norman...
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