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Study Guide for Biology

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BIOL 1201, Section 2

Study Guide for New Material for Final Examination

FOR THE TEST PLEASE BRING PENCILS (PLURAL), ERASER, CALCULATOR AND SPARE BATTERIES.

While this study guide can help you prepare for our Final Examination, please understand that you are fully responsible for all materials covered in class and the problem sets, including materials not in this guide. Note that this study guide is only for the new materials covered since the 4th Examination. The Final Examination is comprehensive. About 20% of the points will be taken from this new material. The other 80% will be taken from material covered earlier in the semester.

DNA Replication, basics of semi-conservative replication, names and functions of the 5 enzymes required for replication, origins of replication, replication bubbles, differences between leading and trailing strand replication, details of the processes occurring at the replication fork, characteristics of DNA replication, replication problems at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, functions of telomers and teleomerases, chromosome packing, etc.

Genes to Proteins, “One gene – one polypeptide chain, flow of genetic information - prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes, mRNA, details of Transcription – initiation, elongation and termination, processing of eukaryotic transcript into mRNA - 5’ cap and poly A tail and their functions, RNA splicing with intron excision by “spliceosomes”, Translation components, mRNA, the genetic code, how the code was deciphered, the code and protein synthesis, features of mRNA codons – starts, stops, be able to read the codon chart, tRNAs, Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase function, Ribosome structure and function, Stages of Translation - initiation, elongation and termination, polyribosomes, completing and targeting of functional proteins, chaperone proteins, post-translational modifications, protein targeting

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