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Study Guide Unit 1

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Study Guide for Chapter One Test

Know the following terms:
Theory—set of assumptions used to explain phenomena and offered for scientific study
Hypothesis—assumption or prediction about behavior that is test through scientific research
Scientific Method—general approach to gathering information and answering questions so that errors and biases are minimized
Psychology—scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific research
Dualism
Free Association
Dream Analysis
Heredity—all traits and properties that are passed along biologically from parent to child
Physiological—having to do with an organism’s physical processes
Introspection
Psychiatry
You should know the definition/major characteristics of the three Historical Approaches and the six Contemporary Approaches:
Functionalism—psychologist who studied the function of consciousness structuralism—psychologist who studied the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences inheritable traits—heredity influences a person’s abilities, character, and behavior
Humanism—psychologist who believes that each person has freedom in directing his or her future and achieving personal growth psychoanalysis—studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior, feelings, and thoughts cognitive—organism’s thinking and understanding behaviorism—analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment biological—impact of biology on behavior sociocultural—studying the influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and differences on behavior and social functioning
You should know the major contributors to each field and their belief structure:
William Wundt—structuralism
BF Skinner--behaviorism
Carl Rogers—humanistic psychology
Ivan Pavlov--behaviorism
Jean Paige—cognitive psychology

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