...Competition in the European Union The legal framework Case Study Florian Madl BUS 573_Law for Business Executives, CLU 1 Assignment: Competition in the European Union: The legal framework Table of content 1. The Case ........................................................................................ 3 1.1. General .......................................................................................... 3 1.2. Case Description ........................................................................... 3 1.2.1. General Description ...................................................................... 3 1.2.2. Duration of the infringement ....................................................... 4 1.2.3. Geographical scope ....................................................................... 4 1.3. Decision ......................................................................................... 4 2. Analysis of the Case ....................................................................... 5 3. Additional Informations ............................................................. 10 4. Bibliography ................................................................................ 11 2 Assignment: Competition in the European Union: The legal framework 3 1. The Case 1.1. General Case: AT.40098 ‐ Blocktrains Plentative: EU Commission Defendant: Kühne + Nagel International...
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...Government officials considers the current issue of the EU treaty and the impact the outcome will have on Ireland. A referendum will be held to decide this outcome but it is noted that the political parties will have a strong influence on the public’s decision. As with all the EU countries, Ireland’s economy retracted sharply with the global financial crisis in 2008. They have recovered better than most of the EU but the major economic issue still facing Ireland is the unemployment rate which currently sits at over 14 per cent. Signing this EU treaty will impose tighter fiscal discipline on members by entrenching tougher tax regulations and limiting government spending (Halpin 2012). The overall aim of the treaty is based on the Keynesian theory of using monetary policy to create budget surplus. EU countries will reduce their budget deficits by the strict spending regulations outlined in the treaty. The downside to signing the treaty is the lack of control Ireland will have over the country. The primary avenue for government spending will be limited to tax increases. Ireland has been criticised for having one of the lowest personal and company tax rates in the EU. The benefit of the low corporate tax rate is the large foreign multinational corporations that create employment in Ireland. Increasing taxes could have a negative effect on the economy. If Ireland do not sign the treaty, although they will still be a member of the EU they will not be entitled to further financial assistance...
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...Social Context: In the recent years the EU has increasingly been studied as a particular kind of international actor with a focus on the ways in which its international policies are made and pursued. Such scholarly endeavors reflect both empirical importance and analytical challenge regarding the EU’s status as a global actor. Empirically, the EU carries importance in global economy, international diplomacy, soft security, and broader world order. Analytically, it poses major challenge by virtue of its status as a something more than an intergovernmental organization but less than a fully-fledged European state. Therefore a tendency has prevailed that the EU’s external behavior can be understood through a combination of understanding the EU’s sui generis qualities, and a reliance on the tools of comparative politics. Consequently, the subject of international relations of the European Union’ is a neglected one. This volume/book widens the perspective from ‘the EU as a global actor’ to ‘international relations and the EU’. This focus does not rule out consideration of the EU’s credentials as an international/global actor, rather it connects this issue to the broader study of IR and of international policy-making. Thus ‘International Relations and the European Union’ is about both the place of Europe in the world and the way the world contributes to the shaping of Europe. At the same time, it is about the place, actual and appropriate, of the EU in the academic subjects International...
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...Study of market: The impact of OECD & EU regulations on the Government IT market. A. Subject and scope of the study The initial Business Strategic Review (BSR) made by the Government (GOV) Business Community in 2010 has shown a lack of reusable solutions from one country to another in the Public Sector. Therefore we would like to investigate a new way to build up an international cooperation and to derive national IT needs from international regulations issued far in advance. The main focus of the study should be on the impact of European (EU) and of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) directives and regulations on the European Member States (MS) in the area of Government-to-Government (G2G) collaboration between fiscal Administrations (typically Customs & Excises, but also VAT and more generally any Taxation department involved in fight against fraud or debt recollection at international level). Business-to-Government B2G exchange of information derived from such regulations, for instance between banks and their national fiscal Administration are also of interest since it can induce spin-off business for and enhance the synergy with the Private Sector. B. Objectives The objective is to detect national IT needs in fiscal area far in advance on base of international regulations issued a few years before in order : * to anticipate the Requests For Quotation (RFQ) * to amortize the non recurring cost of the developments...
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...The European Union (EU) was established in 1957 by six western European countries. Then known as the European Economic Community (EEC), its aim was to create a Common Market. During its lifetime, the EU has evolved from this Common Market towards monetary union with the establishment of a single currency, the Euro. There has also been a great deal of political integration, with an example of this being the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). Currently, membership of the European Union consists of twenty five states. The last wave of admissions included many former Communist bloc countries such as Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia. The next scheduled enlargement is in 2007, when Romania and Bulgaria are scheduled to join. After this, the next state scheduled to join is Turkey, which will open negotiations with the EU in October 2005. Potential Turkish membership of the EU is in many ways a paradox. Turkey has for many years had pro-western leanings. Its strategic requirements during the Cold War led Ankara to strongly embrace NATO and rely on the west for its security guarantees. Also, the founder of modern Turkey, Kemal Ataturk founded the state on six profoundly western pillars. These were: firstly, Secularism, which effectively meant removing the direct influence of religious leaders on political decisions and education; secondly, Republicanism, organising the polity as a modern state, as opposed to the Ottoman Empire; thirdly, Populism, not accepting...
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...European project of political and economic integration that would include any of the CEE states. According to Gower (1999), this inability to foresee the potential of the CEE region strongly reflects the ineffectiveness in the EC policies. Shortly after transition to democracy, ten CEE states (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) declared their utmost desire to join the “family of Europe” (Andonova 2004). As the idea of EU membership for these newly independent democracies in Central and Eastern Europe started to gain some serious ground in the early 90s, the debate over enlargement and its economic, social and The first chapter is like a long foreword of the dissertation. It introduces the dissertation document (report) and the research behind it in sufficient detail. Its purpose is to provide the reader with all fundamental information regarding the research and its report. It is usually about a tenth of the total count of the study. It usually has the following sections. o Background o Research Statement Research Questions ...
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...debate regarding whether Britain should stay the EU. Critically evaluate whether Britain leaving the EU is a good idea. You should refer to relevant theoretical frameworks in your answer. The European Union is an economic and political union, made up of 27 European Countries. The original treaty was signed in Paris in July 1952, there were six countries that signed, but it only became known as the European Union in 1993, at the Maastricht Treaty. The United Kingdom joined the EU in 1973, and has been a major factor in it since. With globalisation the world seems to be getting smaller each day, and the EU is proof of that, that majority of a continent stand together, a continent that has previously been ravaged by numerous wars. That by being a part of the EU shows the importance of being part of a larger political bloc in such a globalised world. Currently the Euro and many European Countries are not doing so well and are considered to be in a bit of a mess. This is one of the main reasons why the UK are considering leaving the EU, as it is slowly becoming a burden. Currently now the UK is roughly 10% of its GDP, about £150 billion, worse-off every year because it is a member of the EU. So do the benefits outweigh this massive cost? That is the question that so many have tried to answer, most recently David Cameron, British Prime minister. By leaving the EU the UK might be more attractive to foreign investors as the EU has many laws and legislations, places such as London...
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...EU Furniture Market Study – Summary August, 30, 2006 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Emerging Markets Group, Ltd. EU Furniture Market Study – Summary Submitted by: Emerging Markets Group, Ltd. StrikConsulting d.o.o. Sarajevo Submitted to: USAID Contract No.: AFP-I-800-03-00029-04 DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Assumptions and limitations a) This is the summary of the report “EU Household Furniture Market Overview in France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom and Ireland,” which was prepared by AGRCo Team in April 2006 (contract number: AFP-1-00-03-00029-00, Task order number: 800). b) The authors used the following source documents for producing this Summary (the file names are in brackets): • • • • • • A Market Overview – United Kingdom [ 3UK MarketStudy April06-PR.doc] Appendices for the Furniture Market Overviews – EU Country Markets of France; Germany; Italy; United Kingdom; Ireland [Appendix 1 Product Groups.doc] A Market Overview – France [MS-France-Apr06-PR.doc] A Market Overview – Italy [MS-Italy3.doc] A Market Overview – United Kingdom [UnitedKingdom MARKET OVERVIEW (2a).ppt] A Market Overview – Germany [Germany MARKET OVERVIEW (3).ppt In addition, the following files were obtained: • • EU Market Survey summary...
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...Regional Thematic Study: Management of the External Borders of the EU and its Impact on the Human Rights of Migrants Concept Note Introduction Globalisation, demographic and climate change, war, conflict, human rights violations and societal transformations have been contributing to movements of people all around the world. There are an estimated 214 million international migrants worldwide, of whom 44 million are reportedly forcibly displaced and an estimated 50 million are living and working abroad in irregular situations1. Although migration to and from the European region is not a new phenomenon, since the 1990s this region has witnessed a sharp increase in migration movements. In particular, growing numbers of migrants, from within Europe, Africa and further afar are making their way across the Mediterranean and Atlantic oceans, and through overland routes in the hope of entering European Union (EU). Indeed, with 42,672 km of external borders and 8,826 km of land borders, the Schengen free-movement area comprises 26 countries (including four non-EU states) with over 300 million crossings at the external borders in 2009 alone. While migration policies have traditionally been the domain of individual EU Member States, the EU has in the past two decades engaged in a process of harmonisation of the rules of admission and residence of third country nationals and established a common EU policy. In particular since the 1990s the EU has developed an important apparatus...
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...Sectors » Society » Home » Flights of fancy: A case study on aviation and EU funds in Poland Flights of fancy: A case study on aviation and EU funds in Poland air transport infrastructure, airport infrastructure, airport network, Airports and Air Services, aviation portal, european regional development fund, european union, onboard magazines, promotion services, rail infrastructure, Transport, transport network, Trade & Transport, Europe and Central Asia Flights of fancy: A case study on aviation and EU funds in Poland bankwatch.org – The aim of this paper is to review the rationale of EU Cohesion Policy investments in airport infrastructure using the example of Poland, with a particular focus on newly developed regional airports. The paper gives a brief overview of the existing airport network in Poland. The functioning of smaller airports is examined with regard to the burden that they create for regional and local budgets. Furthermore, the paper describes planned EU investments in airport infrastructure under Cohesion Policy 2007 - 2013. Additional topics covered include the cases of new investments clashing with nature protection, as well the use of EU funds for constructing rail connections to airports. The main recommendation drawn from the study is the need to phase out EU funds support for airport infrastructure, most urgently in case of newly constructed regional airports. In addition, EU investments in rail infrastructure should be redirected from...
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...Sectors » Society » Home » Flights of fancy: A case study on aviation and EU funds in Poland Flights of fancy: A case study on aviation and EU funds in Poland air transport infrastructure, airport infrastructure, airport network, Airports and Air Services, aviation portal, european regional development fund, european union, onboard magazines, promotion services, rail infrastructure, Transport, transport network, Trade & Transport, Europe and Central Asia Flights of fancy: A case study on aviation and EU funds in Poland bankwatch.org – The aim of this paper is to review the rationale of EU Cohesion Policy investments in airport infrastructure using the example of Poland, with a particular focus on newly developed regional airports. The paper gives a brief overview of the existing airport network in Poland. The functioning of smaller airports is examined with regard to the burden that they create for regional and local budgets. Furthermore, the paper describes planned EU investments in airport infrastructure under Cohesion Policy 2007 - 2013. Additional topics covered include the cases of new investments clashing with nature protection, as well the use of EU funds for constructing rail connections to airports. The main recommendation drawn from the study is the need to phase out EU funds support for airport infrastructure, most urgently in case of newly constructed regional airports. In addition, EU investments in rail infrastructure should be redirected from...
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...é The Effects of Mandatory IFRS Adoption in the EU: A Review of Empirical Research October 2014 Information for Better Markets An initiative from the ICAEW Financial Reporting Faculty The Effects of Mandatory IFRS Adoption in the EU: A Review of Empirical Research forms part of the Information for Better Markets thought leadership programme of ICAEW’s Financial Reporting Faculty. ICAEW operates under a Royal Charter, working in the public interest. As a world leading professional accountancy body, ICAEW provides leadership and practical support to over 142,000 members in more than 160 countries, working with governments, regulators and industry to ensure the highest standards are maintained. The ICAEW Financial Reporting Faculty provides its members with practical assistance and support with IFRS, UK GAAP and other aspects of business reporting. It also comments on business reporting issues on behalf of ICAEW to standard setters and regulators. Its Information for Better Markets thought leadership programme subjects key questions in business reporting to careful and impartial analysis so as to help achieve practical solutions to complex problems. The programme focuses on three key themes: disclosure, measurement and regulation. We welcome comments and enquiries on this report and on the other aspects of the Information for Better Markets programme. To contact us, please email bettermarkets@icaew.com. © ICAEW 2014 All rights reserved. If you want...
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...skilled workers, even if there is a labour shortage. In Germany there are three types of immigrants: EU-immigrants, non-EU and students. Skilled workers The biggest shortage in German labour market is skilled workers. The market is showing shortages in different occupations. For example, there are not enough engineers, IT specialist, mathematicians or specialists in natural science. Scarcity is expected to reach 5.4 million by 2025 (federal Employment Agency, 2011 a ) . Immigrants should fill out this labour deficit. There are two kinds of immigrants- EU and non-EU immigrants. The most of high-skilled immigrants come from non-EU countries. In 2011 most of them were from India, United States, Japan, China. Regulations are different for both, but for latter much stricter. Regulations EU immigrants Citizens from European Economic Area ( EU plus Iceland, Norway, Lichtenstein) and Switzerland are allowed to live and work in Germany freely. The only requirement is to register your living place. The only exception is for Bulgaria and Romania citizens, they have to get a living/working permit. Non- EU immigrants Regulations for non-EU citizens are much harder. First, they have to get a visa. Then residence/working permit. In order to get these documents they have to know their living place in Germany in advance and to provide their employment contract or confirmation of study place in German...
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...socio-political environments in the European Union Amjad Hadjikhania, Pervez N. Ghaurib,* b Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Faculty of Management and Organisation, University of Groningen, Landleven 5, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands Received 1 March 1998 a Abstract Most of the earlier studies on international business ignore the influence of the political actors and the environment on the internationalisation of the firm. The focus of this study is on the interaction between business and political actors and the main question deals with how firms standing in different stages of their internationalisation manage their relationships with political actors. By using network theory, the study presents a conceptual framework and aims to augment the knowledge on the internationalisation of the firms' political activities. The variety in management actions are discussed by the two variables of influence and adaptation, which have become connected to the two fundamental variables in internationalisation of the firms, namely commitment and knowledge. By comparing the management behaviour of seven small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and three multinationals (MNEs), the study shows how smaller exporting firms vs. MNEs manage their relationships with political actors. The outcome of the analysis contains results elevating general aspects on the political behaviour of the firms in the European market. D 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Political...
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...Real Strength Comes From the Inside - A Constructivist Analysis of EU Actorness in the Context of UN Security Council Reform Supervisor: Name: Jonas Hirschnitz Claudia Engelmann Student ID: i6004017 j.hirschnitz@student.maastrichtuniversity.nl Pigeonhole: 336 Bachelor Paper I Version: Final Date: 22-July-2011 Word Count: 5,988 Structure: Introduction p.3 1. Actorness - the Construtivist Dimension p.4 2. Capability in EU’s Foreign Policy p.6 2.1 Institutional Settings p.6 2.2 The EU at the UN(SC) p.7 2.3 Institutional Capability p.8 3. Approaching Presence p. 8 3.1 Normative Values Approach p.8 3.2 Normative Values in EU Policy p.9 4. Presence in the Context of UNSC Reform p.10 4.1 The Reform of the UNSC p.10 4.2 EU Member States’ Attitudes p. 11 4.3 Two Positions – One Identity? p.13 Conclusion p.16 Illustrations: Table 1 p.11 Table 2 p.12 Introduction “Intellectually and conceptually, the European Union and the United Nations are built on the same foundations. If this ground becomes shaky, both structures are in danger.” (Fassbender, 2004, p.884) Different scholars have found that Europe only has two decades left – at best – to have an important impact on global political developments (Mayer, 2008, p.64; Schnabel, 2005, p...
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