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Capítulo 10: Registro de operaciones * Maestrías en línea Alta calidad educativa, aquí inicia tu camino al éxito ¡Contáctanos! ieu.edu.mx/Maestrias_IEU_OnlineEnlaces patrocinados
Reglas o principios:
1.- Toda cuenta del activo debe empezar con un cargo, es decir, con una anotacion en el debe.
2.- Toda cuenta del pasivo debe comenzar con un abono, o sea, con una anotacion en el haber.
3.- La cuenta del capital debe empezar con un abono, es decir, con una anotacion en el haber. * Curso de Contabilidad, aprende en tus ratos libres, de manera rápida y económica. institutomaurer.com.mxEnlaces patrocinados
Como las cuentas del activo empiezan con un cargo, es natural que para aumentar su saldo se debe cargar.
En cambio, para disminuir su saldo se deben abonar.
Principios que deben observarse:
a) Los aumentos del activo se cargan
b) Las disminuciones del activo se abonan
c) Los aumentos del pasivo se abonan
d) Las disminuciones del pasivo se cargan
e) Los aumentos del capital se abonan
f) Las disminuciones del capital se cargan
Reglas del cargo y del abono:
Se debe cargar:
- Cuando aumenta el activo
- Cuando disminuye el pasivo
-Cuando disminuye el capital
Se debe abonar:
- Cuando disminuye el actio
- Cuando aumenta el pasivo
- Cuando aumenta el el capital
Conclusiones de las reglas del cargo y del abono:
1. La cuantas del activo empiezan con un crago, aumetan cargandolas, disminuyen abonandolas, y su saldo es deudor.
2. Las cuantas del pasivo empiezan con un abono, aumentan abonandolas, disminuyen cargandolas y su saldo es acreedor.
3. La cuanta del capital empieza con un abono, aumenta abonandola, disminuye cargandola, y su saldo por lo general es acreedor.
4. Las cuantas del capital o de resultados; gastos de venta y gastos de administracion, siempre se cargan y, por tanto, su saldo sera deudor.
5. Las cuentas del capital o de resultados; gastos y productos financieros y otros gastos y productos, se pueden cargar o abonar y, por tanto, su saldo podra ser deudor o acreedor.
Forma en que se debe proceder para registrar las operaciones:
Para registrar las operaciones, en primer lugar se deben analizar, es decir, se debe determinar la variacion que sufren las cuentas afectadas y, despues, se deben aplicar las reglas del cargo y del abono.
Modo de expresar correctamente los asientos de diario:
Para distinguir la contraposicion que guarda la cuenta de cargo como respecto de la de abono a esta ultima se le antepone en forma expresa, no escrita.
Observaciones que se aplican a las alteraciones del balance:
1.- A todo aumento del activo corresponde:
a) Una disminucion en el activo mismo
b) Un aumento en el pasivo
c) Un aumento en el capital
2.- A toda disminucion del pasivo corresponde:
a) Una disminucion en el activo
b) Un aumento en el pasivo mismo
c) Un aumento en el capital
3.- A toda disminucion de capital corresponde:
a) Una disminucion en el activo
b) Un aumento en el pasivo
c) Un aumento en el mismo capital
Partida doble:
La partida doble consiste en registrar, por medio de cargos y abonos, los efectos que producen las operaciones en los diferentes elementos del balance, de tal manera que siempre subsista la igualdad entre el activo y la suma del pasivo como el capital.
Balanza de comprobacion:
Esta balanza se elabora con objeto de verificar si todos los cargos y abonos de los asientos del diario han sido registrados en las cuentas del mayor correspondientes, respetando los principios de la partida doble. La balanza de comprobacion se debe hacer en el momento que sea necesario; se acostumbra formularla a fin de cada mes, con objeto de facilitar la preparacion de la balanza de comprobacion que se presenta a fin de año. La balanza de comprobacion debe contener los siguientes datos:
1.- Nombre del negocio
2.- Nombre del documento, o sea, balanza de comprobacion
3.- Folio del mayor de cada cuenta
4.- Nombre de las cuentas
5.- Movimientos deudor y acreedor de las cuentas
6.- Saldo deudor y acreedor de las cuenta
En la balanza de comprobacion deben aparecer los movimientos de las cuentas que esten saldadas.
Al formular la balanza de comprobacion y saber si se realizo correctamente los saldos deudor y acreedor deben ser los mismos, asi como los de debe y haber, tomando en cuanta que los saldos y movimientos pueden se diferentes.
Errores en la balanza de comprobacion:
1. Haber sumado mal los movimientos que figuran en la balanza de comprobacion
2. Haber sumado mal cualquiera de los movimientos de las cuentas que aparecen en el mayor
3. Haber registrado en el diario un asiento sin conciderar el equilibrio entre los cargos y los abonos, y en esta misma forma haberlo pasado a las cuentas del mayor.
4. Haber cargadoo abonado en las cuentas del mayor una cantidad distinta de la que aparece en el asiento del siario.
5. Haber registrado en las cuentas del mayor una cantidad distinta de la que aparece en los asientos de diario.
5. Haber registrado en las cuentas del mayor unicamente el cargo o el abono de uno o varios asientos de diario.
Errores que se pueden descubrirpor medio de la balanza de comprobacion:
1.- Haber omitido en las cuentas de mayor el pase completo de un asiento del diario.
2.- Haber cargado una cuenta en lugar de otra.
3.- Haber abonado una cuenta en lugar de otra.

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