...discuss which healthcare systems are most effective. Likewise, people often wonder how less-effective systems can reform to be similar to those that are successful and thriving, such as the privatized system in the Netherlands. Many articles, pieces of literature, and discussion with peers indicate that the system in the Netherlands is overall one of the highest quality systems that exists to date. What some critics fail to consider when evaluating the greatness of one system is how each healthcare system may thrive or fail depending on the context of its operation. Moreover, one must consider barriers within populations when assessing how effective a healthcare structure is if implemented within a new geography. Therefore, although there is much to desire about the healthcare system in the Netherlands, the idea that other nations, such as Canada, should strive to have similar implementation is not realistic due to population and geographical barriers. This paper will evaluate how the Canadian healthcare system, although universal, may not necessarily be effective in the treatment and care of patients, and how the Canadian system would fair by adopting similar strategies to the Netherlands. To begin, Canadians have repeatedly found dissatisfaction in the wait times for care and the shortage of medical professionals that exist within the system (Deber, Gamble, Mah, 2010). Therefore, in order to improve upon what is being criticized, a reform must include solutions to...
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...The target audience of the article includes major healthcare provider-based programs, the provider communities, healthcare leaders within federally qualified health center (FQHC), physicians, healthcare systems community health centers, as well as additional healthcare system leaders. The author’s purpose and goal of the article is to discuss new strategies, related to physician integration in the healthcare reform, as means to reduce overhead costs and expand primary care by collaborating with FQHC. Analysis of Key Issues: The key issues in the article address the challenge to increase efficiency, improve integration of services, and a quality-based payment system in healthcare systems that is presented by the Affordable Care Act (ACA).1 With the new healthcare legislation of the reform, an $11 billion is supplied for community health centers that are managed as FQHCs for Medicare purposes. This budget increase provides opportunity and necessary resources to expand FQHC systems to local communities. The article focuses on expansion through a collaboration agreement of physician integration while discussing the differences between FQHC and provider-based Medicare programs, the benefits to health systems from FQHC collaboration, as well as benefits to FQHCs from health system collaboration. Most important of these differences between FQHC and provider-based programs include FQHC benefits that are not available to provider-based programs, including higher reimbursements; malpractice...
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...Development and Implementation of Philippine Health Information Systems Nasak, Leah Grace B. University of the Cordilleras Blk 7, Quirino Hill, Baguio City 09475813872, 2600 leahgracenasak@yahoo.com Martinez, Erna-Kristi N. University of the Cordilleras 25 Engineer’s Hill, Baguio City 09063177093, 2600 ekjmartinez@yahoo.com ABSTRACT This document is a comparative study of different researches conducted regarding the implementation of a health information system in the Philippines. The analysis shall include a look into the collaborative efforts of the government, the health care industry, and NGO’s to address the concerns of integrating information and communications technology in the health sector. Government deployed health information system projects shall be presented as additional references to draw out conclusions for the research. The implementation of a Health Information System (HIS) is a big step to take for developing countries like the Philippines. Encumbered with numerous problems, the Philippines have to prioritize and exhaust all efforts to resolve issues to address the needs of the country. Through the efforts of some private sectors and some government agencies, the country’s health information system is undergoing major changes towards a national implementation. This research will take a retrospective look into the beginnings of the Philippine Health Information Systems. Assessment and reviews on the current status of health information system projects...
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...Health Reform Essay for Concepts in Health Admin Graduate Course With the 2010 passing of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), health care leaders are facing increased pressure to meet the demands of the reform. The implementation of the ACA expanded healthcare coverage to millions of Americans. This expansion of coverage meant that health care facilities needed to be equipped with enough workers to meet the large number of patients who would now be seeking medical care. However, prior to the ACA, the health care force was already facing a shortage of providers, such as physicians and nurses (Anderson, 2014). So, while health care reform was necessary, it came at a time when health care systems were already in a fragile place. In order for health care institutions to meet the challenges of the ACA and be successful in today’s society, it is imperative that they are equipped with administrators and leaders who “…have diverse skills and a different intellectual approach, as well as creativity, adaptability, and flexibility” (Cicatiello, 2000, p. 21). Prior to the implementation of the ACA, barriers to health insurance left approximately 47 million Americans uninsured (Garfield et al., 2014). At that time, quality health insurance was very costly. Many Americans were too poor to afford health insurance, but made too much to qualify for Medicaid. Additionally, many of America’s largest companies did not offer health benefits to their employees, even if they...
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...and changes in the Unite States healthcare system. The implementation of new policy is often meant to improve the quality of the nation's ever-changing health care system. Several research organizations particularly healthcare based, have examined the strengths and limitations of health care in the United States and have recommended strategies to evaluate, improve the quality of health care, and leaderships ability to influence implemented changes to the system. This question proposed is can leadership style encouraged and influence both public and private initiatives to define and monitor the quality of care, measure health outcomes, develop better evidence and guidance on the appropriate use of medical services, and organize systems to improve health services and outcomes? The issues summarized in this paper are from scholarly journals, and text that offers several prospective, including real life examples that will illustrate my argument. The future of healthcare seems more defined that ever or at least compared to the last 60 years. Our great nation has had a significant history of great leadership both transactional and transformational. I will start off by saying, Leadership is not just about performing a job: It’s about making a difference. When thinking about changes in healthcare, whether it is institutional change, program change, or policy change, the importance and the ability for leadership to put in place systems that strategically fulfill and implement...
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...Implementation of the IOM Future of Nursing Report Grand Canyon University: NRS 440V Implementation of the IOM Future of Nursing Report In 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or PPACA gave many Americans the opportunity to have health care coverage that previously may have not been available to them. The reform is primarily aimed at decreasing the number of uninsured and underinsured Americans. The landscape of health care is changing and nursing is evolving alongside it. This health care overhaul gives nurses a vital role in leading the reform revolution. With more than three million strong, nursing is the biggest sector of the nation’s health care labor force (Institute of Medicine [IOM], 2012). In 2008, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) joined forces and embarked on a two year joint venture to really assess the need for changes in the nursing profession in the face of the changing health care landscape. This joint committee fashioned a report that outlined the necessary and dynamic actions that the nursing profession needs to make in order to progress with the climate of health care reform. Through its discussions, the committee fashioned four key points that erect the framework for its recommendations; these areas are nurse training, education, professional leadership, and lastly workforce policy (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation [RWJF], 2011). This paper...
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...HealthCare Reform Regina Webb SOC 320 Public Policy & Social Services Angela Cranon-Charles – Instructor February 13, 2012 When we speak of the HealthCare Reform, medical coverage comes to mind. The HealthCare Reform is any policy that seeks to change or make better the way health care is now. Generally, the health care reform is a governmental policy. Many individuals hate the healthcare reform for one basic reason: They believe the American Healthcare System cannot be reformed. The practice of medicine has become so riddled with economic and legal affairs in America, that it seems most everyone has something invested in this decision and it leads people to believe it’s all about money. It is difficult to understand because the practice of medicine is not about financial gain, it is a humanitarian science geared toward the wellness of people, not the growth of bank accounts. Every citizen who contributes to their community should be free to live their life without making a choice between medicine and food, between cancer treatment and their kids’ college without the fear that they are one cold or flu away from unemployment or financial ruin. Many past presidents attempted to pass health care reform to name a few but not limited to be Nixon, Carter, Clinton, and now Obama. The attempt to pass a national health care plan date back to Teddy Roosevelt, some European countries had already implemented national health coverage and pensions by then. In this paper...
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...Significance Of Nursing In The Implementation Of Health Care Reform Abstract The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act provides for new professional roles and educational opportunities in nursing. As the number of insured Americans increases, so will patient numbers. Increased insureds will increase demands for nursing care as this legislation is fully enacted. The ways in which nurses can provide solutions for enacting the legislation and caring for the millions of newly insured Americans are discussed. The act also provides for professional training and development of advanced practice nurses to meet the demands of increased care and increased patient load. Keywords: healthcare reform, nursing education, nursing roles Significance Of Nursing In The Implementation Of Health Care Reform Healthcare reform has captured our time and attention during the past few months, it has been a long and heated discussion. As the healthcare and its underlying payment system evolve in the face of the new Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; healthcare for all, a long time dream of many nurses, will be realized. This act requires all Americans to be covered by health insurance by 2014. Goals of the act are to not only enhance access to affordable care but also focus on wellness and prevention,...
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...INTRODUCTION Kenya vision 2030 aims to create a cohesive, equitable and just society based on democratic principles grounded in the existing, rich and diverse cultures in Kenya. The vision 2030 is based on three pillars namely Economic, Social and Political. The economic pillar seeks to ensure prosperity for all Kenyans through economic development programs in key sectors aimed at achieving an average gross domestic product (GDP) of 10% per annum up to 2030. The social pillar aims at building a just and cohesive society with social equity in a clean and secure environment. The political pillar aims at the realization of a democratic political system founded on issue based politics that respects the rule of law and protects rights and freedoms of every individual in the Kenyan society. Kenya envisages the achievement on vision 2030 through a series of successive five year medium term plans covering the span of the Kenya vision 2030 and the first having been implemented from 2008 up to this year 2012. Before the end of this year another 5 year Medium Term Plans will be produced covering the period 2013-2017 while subsequent Medium Term Pans will cover there are periods 2018-2022, 2023-2027 up to 2030. The MediumTermPlans are designed to fast track the flagship projects identified under vision 2030 various programmers and key policies. The medium term plans calls for increased levels of savings and investments to facilitate the economic growth and development envisaged...
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...Health Reforms in India Name Institution Date Health Reforms in India Introduction Reforms describe positive changes that are effected in a system or practice, typically with regard to political, social or economic aspects, with a view to realizing better outcomes from the system, process or institution. Reforms in different sectors within a region or state are geared towards improving efficiency in the process. Successful implementation of reforms results in improvement in the process outcomes. For example, when a country implements reforms within its justice system, improvements could be witnessed through an easier processing and completion of cases and better treatment of suspects and convicts. One of the areas which have seen reforms in various countries of the world is healthcare. Perhaps as a result of increasing appreciation of the value of a healthy population in socio-economic and political development, coupled with an ever increasing threat to human health, authorities in different countries, including the US and India are implementing a wide range of health reforms. In India, in particular, the government is undertaking reforms with a view to improving the access to quality healthcare for the citizens. This paper discusses health reforms in India, with a focus on the specific aspects of the reforms, and the extent to which it has improved healthcare delivery in the Asian country. The paper also provides a few recommendations on...
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...National Health Care: Conservative vs. Liberal Views Health Care in the United States has been a hot topic of debate between conservatives and liberals over the years of President Obama’s presidency because in 2010 Obama implemented the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The ACA consists of two pieces of legislation with the goal of expanding health care to all Americans while providing equal care to all regardless of age, social status, and preexisting conditions. These goals are aligned with a liberal viewpoint, which most Democrats are in favor of. The ACA was met with heavy opposition from the Republican side which skews toward a conservative view for health care. Conservatives believe in a more privatized health care system with less government intervention to lower costs and increase the overall quality of health care thru competition. Obama Care has had its issues with implementation and administration rather than its liberal ideology and its goals, but I believe the solution to a successful healthcare policy lies with the conservative viewpoint leading to a more efficient system. Liberals main concern with health care in a conservative system is that it unfairly gives advantages to the middle and upper class. “Elements of the liberal health care perspective include a belief that health care is an equal right of all people, the implementation of that right through a social insurance system that provides universal health coverage, equitable financing of health care, and a...
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...Health Care Information Systems Jasmin Dedic HCS 533 April 30, 2012 Linda Hagler-Reid Health Care Information Systems Health care system came a long way in the past two decades. New technological advancements forever changed the face of the industry, and made things possible that seemed unimaginable in the late 20th century. Knowledge gained through research and experience brought our healthcare system to the standards higher than anywhere else in the world. Reaching the highest of standards in quality of care would have been impossible without great new technological systems that were introduced to health care, and transformed the dynamics of its delivery. One particular area of technology that is the key to health care’s development is health care information system (HCIS). Electronic Medical Records provided the health care facilities with the ability to store large number of patient information in one place while maintaining them in perfect order and with very simple accessibility. This might not seem like a big deal to those who do not have the understanding of the ways things were not so long ago. Only when compared with the previous practices of record keeping, one can realize the revolutionary changes that EMR brought to the field. It did not take long for major hospitals and other facilities to realize the powerful potential of this system that can greatly accelerate and improve the everyday functions of the organization. However, this potential can...
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...There are several rationales for or against government intervention in or regulation of the health care industry in the United States. This section will focus on the grounds on which government intervention in or regulation of the health care industry in the United States might be justified. The overriding objective in regulation was, and continues to be, rate setting (Folland, Goodman, & Stano, 2010) in the health care industry. Generally, markets are problematic in health care because markets do not provide goods efficiently or equitably. Though markets usually work well, however, there are many circumstances in which market forces, left to them, will fail to maximize economic and social welfare, and, as a consequence, there will be a case for government interventions (Hayes, et al., 2011). Its primary goal is to limit the high price-cost margins that would otherwise be expected (Folland, Goodman, & Stano, 2010), along with promoting the best minimal quality levels while reducing waste and abuse of expenditures. Recent review from Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews identified four main categories of market failure that might justify government intervention: intervention externalities; imperfect information; demerit goods; time-inconsistent preferences (a situation in which an individual’s preferences change over time without any change in information (Hayes, et al., 2011). An example of demerit good is something that is seen as intrinsically unhealthy, degrading or...
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...political situation...................................................................... 9 1.2. Analysis of the economic situation.................................................................. 11 1.3. Trade structure ................................................................................................ 13 1.4. Analysis of social developments...................................................................... 14 1.5. Analysis of the environmental situation......................................................... 16 2. THE PHILIPPINES’ POLICY AGENDA ............................................................ 17 2.1. The Medium Term Philippine Development Plan ........................................ 17 2.2. Assessing the reform process .......................................................................... 17 2.3. Cross-cutting issues: human rights, gender, governance ............................. 19 3. OVERVIEW OF PAST AND ONGOING EC COOPERATION, COORDINATION AND COHERENCE ...................................................................... 20 3.1. Overview of past and ongoing EC cooperation............................................. 20 3.2. Lessons learned from past EC cooperation ................................................... 21 3.3. EU Member States’ & other donors’ programmes ...................................... 23 3.4. Aid Effectiveness, Coordination, and Harmonisation...
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...APPENDIX 1 INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS IN FEDERAL SYSTEMS INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS IN FEDERAL SYSTEMS 1 Introduction 1 2 FEDERAL SYSTEMS 3 3 WHAT ARE INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS? 4 4 AUSTRALIA’S FEDERATION – HOW IS IT OPERATING? 5 5 INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS 8 6 INTERNATIONAL FEDERAL SYSTEMS: A BRIEF OVERVIEW 9 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 PRINCIPLES OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS EFFECTIVENESS TRANSPARENCY ACCOUNTABILITY EFFICIENCY INDEPENDENCE 11 11 33 34 37 40 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 INTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL ARRANGEMENTS REVENUE RAISING SPENDING FISCAL EQUALISATION MONITORING POLICY 43 43 51 55 56 57 9 CONCLUSION 59 INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS IN FEDERAL SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION 1| INTRODUCTION Australia, like many other systems of government around the world, is a federal system. Federations, while divided into different levels of government inevitably have a degree of interdependency between governments. Inescapably there arises a degree of conflict or ineffective governance. For example, disputes may arise between different governments on the basis of service provision or infrastructure, constitutional jurisdiction, fiscal arrangements (e.g. vertical fiscal imbalance or spending powers) or environmental or social issues. Most federations have developed a system of intergovernmental consultation and cooperation...
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