...[pic] A Project Report On THE PRE – LAUNCH MARKET SURVEY OF CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTS At Shreya Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd Submitted to: Company Guide: Mr.Ranjeet Kadam General Manager Marketing, Akucare Division Submitted by: Darshana D Ghadi MBA (Bioinformatics) Dr. D.Y.Patil University, Department of Business Management . INDEX |SERIAL NO |CONTENTS |PAGE NUMBERS | |1 | PREFACE |3 | |2 |ACKNOWLEDGEMENT |4 | |3 |DECLARATION |5 | |3 |COMPANY PROFILE |6-10 | |4 |INTRODUCTION |11-14 | |5 |PRODUCT INTRODUCTION |15 ...
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...Bradley Kingery & Malik Barber 2/14/16 BIO 103-AC01 Professor John Law The Skeletal System Osteoporosis Summary Osteoporosis is a disease that makes bones fragile and more susceptible to fracture over time. It occurs when your body is losing bone cells faster than it can produce them, causing the bones to thin. It effects about half of all women over age 65, and close to one-fifth of men over 70. The most common injury in osteoporosis is ‘dowager’s hump,’ which is caused by the collapsing of the bones of the spine. This causes the curvature of the spine that the disease is so infamous for. Other common injuries include forearm fractures, knee fractures, and hip fractures which are often disabling and sometimes even fatal. On average, the United States spends around $14 billion on osteoporosis every year, according to the National Osteoporosis Foundation. Many people think of bones as hard, stone-like objects. Bones are actually living, growing tissue made up of cells that are constantly being lost and replaced. There are three major components that form bones and keep them strong: calcium, collagen, and living bone cells. Collagen is a protein that gives bone flexibility, calcium keeps them strong and solid, while living bone cells are constantly replacing old ones. Many people wonder how bone grows if it is constantly being lost and replaced. The answer is that children and teenagers actually form new bone faster than they lose old bone. Even when teens have...
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...Arthritis and Musculoskeletal conditions; Osteoporosis The Australian government has recognized nine national health priority areas (NHPAs) as a response to the World Health Organization’s global strategy Health for All by the year 2000 to combat diseases and conditions that contribute significantly to the wellbeing of the Australian community. The NHPA initiative framework aims to reduce burden of illness and injury by ensuring the continuity of care from preventive measures through to treatment, management and maintenance. Arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions is one of the nine latest NHPAs having larger impact on the health of Australians. Musculoskeletal conditions are conditions of bones, muscles and their attachments such as joints and ligaments. It is not only highly prevalent but also large contributors to pain, illness and disability in Australia. Arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions also constitute more than half of all chronic conditions globally and are the significant cause of severe, pain (long-term) and disability (physical) (Murray and Lopez 1996). There are five common musculoskeletal conditions: i) back pain and problems, ii) osteoarthritis, iii) rheumatoid arthritis, iv) osteoporosis and v) juvenile arthritis. All these conditions are diverse with respect to functional changes that results from the disease. However, their association with pain and impaired functioning are anatomically linked. The risk factors are congenital anomalies, metabolic abnormalities...
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...(book) Summary: This book is a book that I used last year in my Fundamentals of Interpersonal Communication class online. It contains principles, concepts, and skills that will help you build the skills that you need to become a better communicator. It contains issues as the ethical challenges and choices that affect interpersonal communication emotional intelligence and forgiveness, interracial relationships, safe sex, ways to deal with abuse from intimates, race related differences between conflict styles, and the power of language. It contains quizzes that you can take to test your knowledge and skills. Evaluating Criteria: I will use reliability to evaluate this source. There is an author listed in the book which means someone wrote the book. He has verifiable information in the book. There is a website that you can go on to find out more information about this book. The website is www.cengage.com/wadsworth. Is the source credible? This book is very credible. The book uses verifiable information and helped me trace the sources of information. The information was reliable. There were dates on the information in the writing. Source # 2: The National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) Clinician’s Guide to prevention and treatment of Osteoporosis. National Osteoporosis Foundation, Washington, DC.2014 (web article) www.nlm.nih.gov Summary: It contains information on how you can prevent yourself from getting osteoporosis and what you can do to treat osteoporosis. It contains...
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...| Osteoporosis in the Aging | | | | | Abstract By 2020, approximately 14 million Americans older than 50 years are expected to have osteoporosis. One half of all postmenopausal women will have an osteoporosis-related fracture during their lifetime; 25% of these women will develop a vertebral deformity, and 15% will experience a hip fracture. Osteoporotic fractures, particularly hip fractures, are associated with chronic pain and disability, loss of independence, decreased quality of life, and increased mortality. Although hip fractures are less common in men than in women, more than one third of men who experience a hip fracture die within 1 year. Osteoporosis and the Aging According to Wikipedia, osteoporosis is a disease where decreased bone strength increases the risk of a broken bone. It is the most common reason for a broken bone among people who are old (“Osteoporosis”, n.d.). Bones that commonly break include the back bones, the bones of the forearm, and the hip (Golob, AL; Laya, MB (May 2015). Until a broken bone occurs, there are typically no symptoms. Wikipedia suggests that bones may weaken to such a degree that a break may occur with minor stress or spontaneously. Chronic pain and a decreased ability to carry out normal activities may occur following a broken bone (“Osteoporosis”, n.d.) According to Wikipedia, osteoporosis may be due to lower than normal peak bone mass and greater than normal bone loss. Bone loss increases after menopause due...
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...Title Page : Name : Cherilyn Herbert Student Number : 13200152 Title of Article critique : Calcium plus Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Fractures Authors : Title of Journal : The New England Journal of Medicine Volume : 354 Issue : 7 Year : 2006 Pages : 669-683 Literature Review There have been various studies performed from 1990-2006 of the effects of calcium plus vitamin D supplemental therapies on fractures. A 2 year study was conducted from February 1st 1999 to March 31st 2002 5292 participants were recruited across 21 hospitals in the UK and randomly allocated to four equal groups receiving 800 IU vitamin D3,1000mg calcium, vitamin D3 (8000 IU) combined with calcium (1000mg), or a placebo. Data was collected by postal questionnaire every 4 months with dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D monitored along with sun exposure. Time interval for follow up was between 24 and 62 months. There was difficulty with compliance concerning the allocated tablets as most patients were above the age of 70 limiting cognitive function as well as gastrointestinal complaints. This study measured dietary intake and sun exposure however participants above the age of 70 have a higher incidence of fractures form falls. Participants receiving supplemental therapy of intake of more than 200 IU vitamin D or more than 500 mg calcium supplements in the past 5 years were excluded. (Grant A.M., Anderson F.H., Avenell A.,Campbell M.K, Cooper...
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...bring for us? First I will tell you what you can find in a normal can of soda and second I will inform you of some problems that you may get drinking it. In the composition of soda, you can find preservatives (substances that have to keep the soda good to drink), antioxidants, liquids that color the soda, stabilizers, flavoring and aromatic substances, among other unhealthy substances. If it weren't for the economic powers and the clear interests of certain sectors, soda should carry a warning label similar to the one that cigarettes have. Like drugs and cigarettes, soda may bring many harmful effects to the human body. Too much soda consumption increases the risk of suffering from osteoporosis, due to the action of phosphoric acid, which prevents calcium absorption, weakening our bones. A study made by Tufts University found that people who drank only three sodas per week had an average 4 percent bone loss (in regions such as the hips) than the group of people who took in another type of drink. Many kids today face a big problem that soda and others products may bring, which is obesity. The consumption of soft drinks is widely associated with weight gain and obesity. Naturally, the increase of calories leads to weight gain, but even the diet sodas can cause this problem. Another well-known problem is diabetes, and a study done with 90 thousand women showed that those who took one or more drinks with sugar (like juices or...
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...of vitamin D intakes with achieved serum concentrations of 25(OH)D for the purpose of estimating optimal intakes led us to suggest that, for bone health in younger adults and all studied outcomes in older adults, an increase in the currently recommended intake of vitamin D is warranted. An intake for all adults of 1000 IU (40 g) vitamin D (cholecalciferol)/d is needed to bring vitamin D concentrations in no less than 50% of the population up to 75 nmol/L. The implications of higher doses for the entire adult population should be addressed in future studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84:18 –28. KEY WORDS 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D intake, bone density, lower-extremity strength, colorectal cancer INTRODUCTION suppression of PTH or optimal calcium absorption, including...
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...Fat-soluble vitamins | Significant sources | Deficiency | Toxicity | Vitamin A * Retinol * Retinal * Retinoic acid * Carotenoid : beta-carotene (precursors)Functions : * Vision maintenance of cornea, epithelial cells, mucous membranes, skin; * bone and tooth growth; * reproduction; immunity | Retinol: fortified milk, cheese,cream, butter, fortified margarine, eggs, liverBeta-carotene: spinach and other dark leafy greens; broccoli, deep orange fruits (apricots, cantaloupe) and vegetables (squash, carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin) | Diseases : Hypovitaminosis ASymptoms : Night blindness, corneal drying (xerosis), triangular gray spots on eye (Bitot’s spots), softening of the cornea (keratomalacia), and corneal degeneration and blindness (xerophthalmia); impaired immunity (infectious diseases); plugging of hair follicles with keratin, forming white lumps (hyperkeratosis) | Diseases : Hypervitaminosis ASymptoms : Chronic : Increased activity of osteoclastsb causing reduced bone density; liver abnormalities; birth defectsAcute : Blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, vertigo; increase of pressure inside skull, mimicking brain tumor; headaches; muscle incoordination | Vitamin D * ergocalciferol (vitamin D2): vitamin D derived from plants in the diet and made from the yeast and plant sterol ergosterol. * cholecalciferol (vitamin D3 or calciol): vitamin D derived from animals in the diet or made in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol, a precursor of cholesterol, with...
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...STUDY QUESTIONS CHAPTER 9-12 **NOTE: I have included the answers to the study questions since I am posting them so close to the exam dates. Be sure you understand the role of the hormones ADH, renin, angiotensin and aldosterone in the regulation of fluid balance. CHAPTER 9 1. Describe how body fat develops and suggest some reasons why it is difficult for an obese person to maintain weight loss. Body fat develops when fat cells increase in number and size. Prevention of excess weight gain depends on maintaining a reasonable number of fat cells; when an obese person loses weight, the body attempts to return to the original weight, or its set point. 2. What factors contribute to obesity? Genetics (leptin, ghrelin, uncoupling problems, fat cell metabolism), overeating, inactivity. 3. List several aggressive ways to lose weight and explain why such methods are not recommended for every overweight person. Fad diets, diuretics, amphetamines, other prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, hot baths, machines that jiggle, brushes, sponges, massages, surgery, gastric partitioning, gastric balloons, jaw wiring, very-low-kcalorie diets. Reasons these are not recommended: weight cycling, psychology of weight cycling, some methods do not work at all, others only provide temporary weight loss (not fat loss). 4. Discuss reasonable dietary strategies for achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight. Eating plans based on realistic energy intake...
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...Introduction Food Intake I was born to a father with the history of Diabetic mellitus and on my mother’s side; there is a history of High Blood Pressure. Although my father is not diabetic, my mother has been diagnosed with blood pressure. Blood pressure has been a steady disease in my household which has affected four out my five uncles. In 2010, after a seven year long battle with infertility, I was diagnosed with High Blood Pressure which I was given medication for and shortly thereafter, I had a son after my aggressive treatment. Ever since, I have always link most diseases with food intake and I strongly believe that my nutrition and my health work hand in hand. According to Grodner, Roth &Walkingshaw (2012), “The presence in the American diet of too much fat is directly related to several chronic diseases such as CAD and certain types of cancer. High-fat diets are indirectly related to type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension” (p.110). In order for me to remain in good health and to eliminate my disease, my daily food intake calorie should go to 2200 meal plan which includes breakfast, lunch, snack and dinner according to the super tracker web site . The purpose of this paper is to teach me how to eat healthy and to accomplish my goal of maintaining a healthy eating habit which includes an excellent food intake . Analyzing the First Two Weeks Being a foreigner, I have always thought that I eat healthy and having gone the to the doctors for...
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...Knowledge and Behavior towards Caffeinated and Carbonated Beverages among High School Students Chapter One Introduction of the Study Chapter one is divided into five parts: (1) Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study, (2) Statement of the Problem and Hypothesis, (3) Significance of the Study, (4) Definition of Terms, and (5) Delimitation of the Study. Part One, Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study, presents the rationale and the reasons why the study is being conducted. Likewise, it describes the theoretical basis of the study as well as the conceptual framework. Part Two, Statement of the Problem and Hypothesis, describes the general goal of the study and the specific questions to be answered in the study with corresponding hypothesis to be tested. Part Three, Significance of the Study, enumerates the different beneficiaries and corresponding benefits that they can derive from the results of the study. Part Four, Definition of Terms, lists alphabetically technical terms used in this study. These terms are defined conceptually and operationally. Part Five, Delimitation of the Study, identifies the scopes and limitations encountered during the conduct of the study. It identifies the variables, the subjects, research designs and statistical analysis procedures used in the study. Likewise, it specifies the location and time of the conduct of the study. Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study Soft drinks and sodas could...
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...Health 1: Electronic literature Search Bone Formation Absence of bone sialoprotein (BSP) impairs primary bone formation and resorption: the marrow ablation model under PTH challenge. Wade-Gueye NM, Boudiffa M, Vanden-Bossche A, Laroche N, Aubin JE, Vico L, Lafage-Proust MH, Malaval L. Source: INSERM U1059/SFR IFRESIS, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France. Abstract: Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is highly expressed in early bone deposition and may play a part in primary bone mineralization. We previously showed that while BSP−/− mice have a mild secondary bone phenotype and are responsive to mechanical (unloading) and hormonal (ovariectomy, parathyroid hormone (PTH)) challenges, repair of a cortical bone defect, which involves primary bone deposition is significantly delayed in these mice. In the present study, we investigated the role of BSP in a pure model of primary bone modeling. Bone marrow was ablated by trans-epiphysis aspiration in the femora of BSP+/+ and BSP−/− mice, and 7 days post surgery μCT analysis showed vigorous new bone formation in the shaft of BSP+/+ animals but much less in BSP−/− mice. After 14 days, the volume of medullary bone was significantly decreased as expected in BSP+/+ mice, while it remained stable in the BSP−/−. Osteoid thickness and surface were higher in BSP−/− at day 7, suggesting delayed mineralization, while osteoclast surface and number were significantly lower at day 14, a stage of high medullary bone resorption. At day 7, mRNA expression...
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...Summary: Bill is pretty healthy 34 years old young man. He loves swimming, water ski, and scuba dive. Some reason one day he started to have pain in his right hip and he had no idea where that came from? He thought he would get better after few days, but he did not. He went to see the doctor and he got prescribed an analgesic and some muscle relaxant for pain relief. Unfortunately, his pain was getting worse and worse day by day. So, again he went to see the doctor to follow up on that. His clinician has done a more detail test at this time. They did some lab work and x-ray and he was diagnosed of avascular necrosis. Based on their conversation Bill did not remember he had any injured or trauma in the past. In x-ray results shows the changes...
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...Primary Care Physician Initial Evaluation: Patient Name: Mrs. Wright (53 years old) Description: Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis HISTORY: Mrs. Wright is a 53-year old female who visited Dr. Curtis on 9/21/2013 for devastating pain dealing with her rheumatoid arthritis. She was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis on 4/2/2010 by Dr. Ruppert. She was later diagnosed with osteoporosis on 8/5/2010. Along with her arthritis pain, she has other conditions such as: Raynaud syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome-associated constipation (IBS-C), gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), and chronic urinary tract and upper respiratory infections. She has gained weight because of the lack of exercise she has performing. Wright complains she is too tired to work out and gets tired throughout the day performing normal activities. She also insists she cannot work out because she always gets hot flashes from her menopause and is simply too hot to work out. Wright also explained she lives alone and cannot always go to see a physician because she cannot get someone to drive her there. She is no longer taking the three medications, hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, and prednisone, prescribed by Dr. Ruppert. She explains she had experienced intolerable side effects, including reflux, alopecia, and severe photosensitivity. Dr. Ruppert ordered a comprehensive laboratory evaluation and identified the following: IgG4 food-specific antibodies, essential fatty acid and amino acid imbalances, nutrient...
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