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Summary: The Voices Of The Cities

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Innovation is term that can be labeled in a multitude of ways, but it will always have one true definition. Innovation is when someone who introduces a new concept that can be beneficial to society or a certain area in society. Two authors that explore this word are Robert Snyder and Richard Zoglin. In chapter 1 of Snyder’s The Voices of the City, Snyder talks about how Tony Pastor’s innovated and idealistic thoughts revolutionized vaudeville. In Zoglin’s Extremist’s, Zoglin talks about how both the innovations of Robin Williams and Andy Kaufman changed stand-up comedy. In both cases, all three men were able to innovate with social norms and revolutionize the vaudeville industry and stand-up comedy. All three men were innovative for their …show more content…
One might argue that for vaudevillian origins, Tony Pastor was not so innovative, just greedy. In order to make more capital, Pastor needed a way to attract more people. Although I agree that money was certainly on the mind of Pastor, his main focus was to diversify his audience, which he couldn’t have done without innovative thinking. Some might argue that both Andy Kaufman and Robin Williams weren’t all too innovative as well. Kaufman, for example, took the concepts of Albert Brook’s and Steve Martin’s anti-comedic routine and just simply made the audience involved. Although I agree that Kaufman might have initially incorporated anti-comedic elements into his sketches, he ultimately was able to turn it around and make it target his audience, effectively taking “the anti-comedy of Albert Brooks and Steve Martin and turned it into something more like anti-entertainment” (Zoglin 160). Some might argue also that Robin Williams also failed to be at all that innovative and influential. His style greatly resembled such past comedians as Danny Kaye and Lenny Bruce. This comparison can be made because all three of them performed with a mastery of improv. Although I can see how the comparison can be made, William’s style of incredible energy, along with many winding twists and turns, and hard drug influence truly revolutionized and allowed for innovation in the comedic

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