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8/21/2015

Police need to customize their approach to community ­ Times Union

http://www.timesunion.com/tuplus­opinion/article/Police­need­to­customize­their­approach­to­
6226959.php

Police need to customize their approach to community
By David H. Bayley and James R. Acker, Commentary Published 5:24 pm, Monday, April 27, 2015

Recent ill­fated police­citizen encounters have called the legitimacy of police conduct into question, particularly among people of color. Most police officers nevertheless do their jobs effectively and with the support and tacit appreciation of a majority of the citizens they serve.
The problem is that both police and communities are in a bind. Police are expected to prevent crime from happening and make arrests. Because of their deployments, strategies and suspicions, they cannot do so without their targets including young black men. Crime is most prevalent and populations most at risk in poor, minority neighborhoods. The police should be there. The residents want them to be there.
The celebrated crime­prevention strategy "Broken Windows" focuses on eliminating physical signs of neglect and disrupting unruly behavior on the streets. Although frequently sensible and effective, this strategy puts young black men at particular risk.
Police officers, like many other people, are prone to have a heightened fear of young black men. They may concentrate on pretexts like "furtive movements" in the expectation of preventing crime. Well­intentioned policing consequently becomes a source of alienation for particular communities.

More Information
David H. Bayley is a distinguished professor
(emeritus), and James R. Acker is a distinguished teaching professor at the
School of Criminal Justice, University at
Albany.

Can the police prevent crime without focusing unjustifiably on innocent young black men? Yes, but not in the ways that are gaining most attention.

Reforming the prosecutorial system comes too late. Cultural sensitivity training for rookie cops comes too early; police officers will do what the system requires them to do regardless of their training. Body cameras are not a solution; police officers control their use and will not record actions not taken that might have avoided violence.
To solve the dilemma confronting police and citizens, police departments must adapt their crime­prevention strategies to contextual differences among the communities they serve. Communities are not cut from common cloth. What is right for New York City, with its expanse, population and incidence of crime, will not necessarily be the right approach for law enforcement in small rural upstate villages. http://www.timesunion.com/tuplus­opinion/article/Police­need­to­customize­their­approach­to­6226959.php 1/3

8/21/2015

Police need to customize their approach to community ­ Times Union

We should not be surprised, then, to find that similarly discriminate attention must be given to police­community relationships, police­citizen interactions and matters that bear on the perceived legitimacy of the police and how they conduct their business.
Consider, for example, how police departments begin tackling a spike in crime. Many have adopted some version of CompStat ("Computer Statistics"), which requires them to maintain detailed, location­specific records about criminal activity. Weekly staff meetings are held to discuss the localized crime statistics and then develop plans of action. Results are monitored and precinct commanders are held accountable for responding effectively by reducing crime.
Why not, therefore, expect police departments to adopt a similar approach regarding their working relationships with citizens in the communities they serve — involving careful data collection, planning, strategic action and evaluation, coupled with performance accountability? Such an approach might be accomplished by:
• Assigning patrol officers for lengthy periods to crime­afflicted beats so they can learn to distinguish troublesome and trouble­free individuals. In effect, police would become known to the residents for knowing the residents, not for treating them all, particularly young black men, with suspicion.
• Requiring police to obtain neighborhood residents' consent about the types of suspicious actions and minor infractions they will act on. Communities will not agree to everything, but they will learn that the tactics of prevention are negotiable.
• Prioritizing the process of gaining consent from neighborhoods among the many responsibilities police have. Gaining consent will require constant attention. It is best carried out by patrol officers and requires specialization within policing that is just as important as responding to calls­for­service.
Some strategies will be more appropriate for some kinds of problems with some kinds of people in some kinds of communities than others. What may be called for in Ferguson,
Mo., will be quite different from what would be effective in Staten Island, or upstate New
York.
One important measure of police performance is their ability to command the trust and cooperation of the citizens in the communities they serve. If and only if this objective is identified as important in police departments, and ensuing measures are taken to collect data, engage in strategic planning, monitor and evaluate results, and hold police officers and their supervisors accountable for performance, can we expect real progress to be made. http://www.timesunion.com/tuplus­opinion/article/Police­need­to­customize­their­approach­to­6226959.php

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8/21/2015

Police need to customize their approach to community ­ Times Union

We should not underestimate the difficulties of reorienting policing in this way. Police departments are like aircraft carriers: They do not change course quickly. Their standard response is to continue business­as­usual unless new money is forthcoming. But this is unlikely, given the state of local finances and absent federal support. The only alternative is for police departments to rethink what is essential and nonessential and reallocate their own funds accordingly. Since this will involve winners and losers within the department, it will be hugely controversial.
Going against tradition requires courageous leadership and intensive preparation of police personnel and the communities they serve. The solution to the crime­prevention, police legitimacy dilemma in minority communities can only come from the police. The initiative behind it, however, must come from an aroused and insightful public.
© 2015 Hearst Communications, Inc.

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