...consent of a contracting party has been obtained entered into freely and voluntary. But sometimes the contracting parties entered into contract with some form of pressure which the law regards as improper, and for this reason the victim of such pressure may be entitled to relief. The victim of such pressure may be entitled to relief under the common law of duress and under the equitable rules of undue influence, although in recent years it attempt to introduce into common law a doctrine of inequality of bargaining power. Duress is common law concept based on illegitimate threat made to contracting party. Undue influence developed in equity to deal with situations where there was improper pressure, without any necessarily specific threat. [2] A victim such a pressure may be entitled to relief and the contract will be voidable. Further, certain special statutory provision protected vulnerable parties subject to contract. For example, the statues which protect the most likely victims of inequality bargain power with Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 and Consumer Credit Act 1974. The legislation also protected the customer against a form of economic duress with The Unfair Commercial Practise Directive 2005/29, [2005], which must be implemented by December 12, 2007 which also protected the customer with specific...
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...Some Applications of the Residue Theorem∗ Supplementary Lecture Notes MATH 322, Complex Analysis Winter 2005 Pawel Hitczenko Department of Mathematics Drexel University Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. email: phitczenko@math.drexel.edu ∗I would like to thank Frederick Akalin for pointing out a couple of typos. 1 1 Introduction These notes supplement a freely downloadable book Complex Analysis by George Cain (henceforth referred to as Cain’s notes), that I served as a primary text for an undergraduate level course in complex analysis. Throughout these notes I will make occasional references to results stated in these notes. The aim of my notes is to provide a few examples of applications of the residue theorem. The main goal is to illustrate how this theorem can be used to evaluate various types of integrals of real valued functions of real variable. Following Sec. 10.1 of Cain’s notes, let us recall that if C is a simple, closed contour and f is analytic within the region bounded by C except for finitely many points z0 , z1 , . . . , zk then k f (z)dz = 2πi C j=0 Resz=zj f (z), where Resz=a f (z) is the residue of f at a. 2 2.1 Evaluation of Real-Valued Integrals. Definite integrals involving trigonometric functions 2π We begin by briefly discussing integrals of the form F (sin at, cos bt)dt. 0 (1) Our method is easily adaptable for integrals over a different range, for example between 0 and π or between ±π. Given the form of an integrand...
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...Chapter 1 Supplementary Exercises Problem 1 In the manufacture of a certain type of automobile, four kinds of major defects and seven kinds of minor defects can occur. For those situations in which defects do occur, in how many ways can there be twice as many minor defects as there are major ones? Problem 2 A machine has nine different dials, each with five settings labeled 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. a) In how many ways can all the dials on the machine be set? b) If the nine dials are arranged in a line at the top of the machine, how many of the machine settings have no two adjacent dials with the same setting? Problem 7 There are 12 men at a dance. (a) In how many ways can eight of them be selected to form a cleanup crew? (b) How many ways are there to pair off eight women at the dance with eight of these 12 men? Problem 8 In how many ways can the letters in WONDERING be arranged with exactly two consecutive vowels? Problem 9 Dustin has a set of 180 distinct blocks. Each of these blocks is made of either wood or plastic and comes in one of three sizes (small, medium, large), five colors (red, white, blue, yellow, green), and six shapes (triangular, square, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, circular). How many of the blocks in this set differ from a) the small red wooden square block in exactly one way? (For example, the small red plastic square block is one such block.) b) the large blue plastic hexagonal block in exactly two ways? (For example, the...
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...Chapter 1 Supplementary Exercises Problem 1 In the manufacture of a certain type of automobile, four kinds of major defects and seven kinds of minor defects can occur. For those situations in which defects do occur, in how many ways can there be twice as many minor defects as there are major ones? Problem 2 A machine has nine different dials, each with five settings labeled 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. a) In how many ways can all the dials on the machine be set? b) If the nine dials are arranged in a line at the top of the machine, how many of the machine settings have no two adjacent dials with the same setting? Problem 7 There are 12 men at a dance. (a) In how many ways can eight of them be selected to form a cleanup crew? (b) How many ways are there to pair off eight women at the dance with eight of these 12 men? Problem 8 In how many ways can the letters in WONDERING be arranged with exactly two consecutive vowels? Problem 9 Dustin has a set of 180 distinct blocks. Each of these blocks is made of either wood or plastic and comes in one of three sizes (small, medium, large), five colors (red, white, blue, yellow, green), and six shapes (triangular, square, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, circular). How many of the blocks in this set differ from a) the small red wooden square block in exactly one way? (For example, the small red plastic square block is one such block.) b) the large blue plastic hexagonal block in exactly two ways? (For example, the...
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...Education and Gender Equality within Millennium Development Goals: KSA & China Name: Institution: Course: Date: Declaration I hereby declare that this is my work and nothing has been plagiarized. Every aspect of this work has been appropriately referenced using the APA referencing format. Executive Summary Table of Contents Contents of the report with page numbers, list of tables, and list of figures. Introduction to the Research Topic Education and gender equality are critical components of societal progress and development. They reflect basic rights that require no economic justification. This notion is reflected in the inclusion of gender related developmental and propagative objectives in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Yet it is also a case that education and gender equality has broad and positive implications for economic as well as social development to any nation. A significant decline in child illiteracy and maternal mortality remains somewhat elusive and thus the Millennium Developmental Goals initiative that has been deemed to reduce child illiteracy and promote gender equality coupled with the establishment of women empowerment within all regions of the world is poised with inconsistent progress rates within some certain countries. To deliver such Millennium Development goals and MDG3 and its supporting targets which promotes specifically gender equality and empowers women, it will be critical to elevate...
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...2. Women Empowerment in Modern India Dr. Shruti Singh For centuries women were not treated equal to men in many ways. They were not allowed to own property, they did not have a Share in the property of their parents, they had no voting rights, and they had no freedom to choose their work or job and so on. Gender inequality has been part and parcel of an accepted male-dominated Indian society throughout history. Women were expected to be bound to the house, while men went out and worked. This division of labor was one of the major reasons why certain evils like 'Sati Pratha', ‘PardahSystem', 'Child Marriage', 'Dowry System', etc. took birth in our society. The traditional Indian mentality assumes that the place of women is mainly concentrated to the household activities like kitchen work and upbringing of the children. There is systematic discrimination against women economically, socially, politically and culturally more so, in India. These discriminations & disabilities are practiced at all levels day in & day out. Women Empowerment is the ability of women to exercise full control over their actions. This means control over material assets, intellectual resources and even over their ideologies. It involves, at the psychological level, women's ability to assert them which has, so far, been constricted by the 'gender roles' assigned to them especially in a culture like India which resists changes. This essay throws light upon the different challenges that are faced by Indian...
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...will fulfill the requirements of the project report for BBA, which will help us a lot to gain sufficient knowledge about the ‘Tax System Of Bangladesh’. We appreciate having this assignment. If you should need any assistance in interpreting this report or in implementing our recommendations, atuddin_mezbah@yahoo.com, Contact No. 01718330355 Sincerely, 01. Mezbah Uddin Ahamed BBA02707126 02. Subbir Ahmed BBA02707121 03. Md. Mahmud Hossain BBA02707154 04. Subroto Biswas BBA02707125 05. Shamol Kanti Sarkar BBA02707112 06. Md. Mahfujul Alam BBA02707153 Program: BBA, Batch: 27 (J), Stamford University Bangladesh. please contact us ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Education involves not only reading books and doing exercises but also acquiring knowledge through doing something practically. This report has designed only for considering that objective. In this period of time, we enjoyed the study of tax system of Bangladesh in various aspect of tax. First of all, we are indebted to our guide teacher Ms.Rehana Fowzia Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Stamford University Bangladesh....
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...Standard Front Page for 48-hours essay, Methodological Workshop (5 ECTS) and synopsis Compulsory use for all 48-hours’ essays, Methodological Workshop (5 ECTS) and Synopses on the following subjects: • International Develoment Studies • Global Studies • Erasmus Mundus, Global Studies – A European Perspective • Public Administration • Social Science • EU-studies • Public Administration, MPA Course title: International Development Kind of assignment (48-hours essay, Methodological Workshop (5 ECTS) and synopsis): 48-hours essay Question number: 1 Student’s name: Edda Maria von Wildenradt Study card no./Birthday: 51970 Keystrokes/characters including spaces (Please look at the supplementary provisions for maximum-value): 14359 Submission date: 03-06-2015 Roskilde Universitet Den samfundsvidenskabelige bacheloruddannelse 2 In the following essay I will address some specific issues in the global South that are influenced by international trade and trade regulation. This essay will provide a critical perspective on how international trade and trade regulations function and by this rise following questions: Which consequences have the international trade and trade regulation had in the given periods? Who benefits from the international trade and trade regulation? And lastly, is international trade and trade regulation only designed to benefit one part of the world - the West? Why are...
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...Courses for BS …………………. 16 6. Elective Group Papers ……………………. 45 7. Scheme of Studies for MS Programme …. 48 8. Details of Courses for MS …………………. 50 9. Optional Courses Model……………………. 56 10. Recommendations …………………………. 61 11. Annexures A,B,C,D & E …………………… 63 PREFACE Curriculum of a subject is said to be the throbbing pulse of a nation. By looking at the curriculum one can judge the state of intellectual development and the state of progress of the nation. The world has turned into a global village; new ideas and information are pouring in like a stream. It is, therefore, imperative to update our curricula regularly by introducing the recent developments in the relevant fields of knowledge. In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Federal Supervision of Curricula Textbooks and Maintenance of Standards of Education Act 1976, the Federal Government vide notification No. D773/76-JEA (cur.), dated December 4th 1976, appointed the University Grants Commission as the competent authority to look after the curriculum revision work beyond class XII at the bachelor...
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...Q. 1 What is public finance? Answer: Public finance Public Finance is the study of Government activities and how the Government finance those activities.Collection of taxes from those who benefit from the provision of public goods by the government, and the use of those tax funds toward production and distribution of the public goods. Distinction between public finance and private finances. Answer: Difference between private and public finance: these are the differences between the private and public finance. 1: Adjustment of income and expenditure: a government first prepares an estimate of expenditure and then means to raise that sum and the individual must adjust his expenditure to his income. 2: Budgeting: the unit for the public budget is one year but an individual needs not balance his budget during a given period. 3: Deficit financing: deficit financing is a peculiar privilege of government but an individual can not do it, unless he is prepared to go behind the bars. 4: Different objectives: an individual tries to maximize his satisfaction or profit from a given amount of resources but the objective of government expenditure is to maximize social benefit. 5: Publicity of finance: budgets are published and the widest publicity is given to them. On the other hand, the secrecy surrounds individual finance. 6: Coercion: a government has to pass a law and compel the citizen to pay a tax while an individual lacks the coercive authority. How public...
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...Obesity is chronic condition where there is an abnormal accumulation of fat causing excess body weight which in turn is detrimental causing health issues and ultimately a lower life expectancy. The prevalence of obesity in Australia is 20.5%: 19.1% for males and 21.8% for females. The prevalence of being overweight but not obese was 39.1%: 48.2% for males and 30.2% for females. The number of overweight and obese adults increased from 4.6 million in 1989–90 to 5.4 million in 1995, 6.6 million in 2001 and 7.4 million in 2004–05. Approximately 25% of children are overweight or obese, up from an estimated 5% in the 1960s. (ABS, 2007) (Allman, AI. 2008) In Sydney, 57 per cent of people are overweight or obese, compared to 67 per cent in other areas. This figure is relatively low in comparison to other major cities such as Perth (72 %), South Australia (61.5%) and Victoria (68%). (Markey, A. & Watson, C, 2011). When looking at the population and demographics of obesity it is seen In 2007-08, higher proportions of males aged 18 years and over were overweight or obese (63%) than were females (48%). (ABS, 2007) When comparing age groups in general, rates of overweight/obesity are higher in older age groups, although males and females in the oldest age group (75 years and over) had lower rates. Adult male overweight/obesity rates are higher than female rates across all age groups. (ABS, 2007) In 2004-05, 62% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males and 58% of Aboriginal and...
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...Vijay V. Vazirani College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Copyright c 2001 Approximation Algorithms Springer Berlin Heidelberg NewYork Barcelona Hong Kong London Milan Paris Singapore Tokyo To my parents Preface Although this may seem a paradox, all exact science is dominated by the idea of approximation. Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) Most natural optimization problems, including those arising in important application areas, are NP-hard. Therefore, under the widely believed conjecture that P = NP, their exact solution is prohibitively time consuming. Charting the landscape of approximability of these problems, via polynomial time algorithms, therefore becomes a compelling subject of scientific inquiry in computer science and mathematics. This book presents the theory of approximation algorithms as it stands today. It is reasonable to expect the picture to change with time. The book is divided into three parts. In Part I we cover a combinatorial algorithms for a number of important problems, using a wide variety of algorithm design techniques. The latter may give Part I a non-cohesive appearance. However, this is to be expected – nature is very rich, and we cannot expect a few tricks to help solve the diverse collection of NP-hard problems. Indeed, in this part, we have purposely refrained from tightly categorizing algorithmic techniques so as not to trivialize matters. Instead, we have attempted to capture, as accurately as possible, the individual character...
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...Discrete Math for Computer Science Students Ken Bogart Dept. of Mathematics Dartmouth College Scot Drysdale Dept. of Computer Science Dartmouth College Cliff Stein Dept. of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research Columbia University ii c Kenneth P. Bogart, Scot Drysdale, and Cliff Stein, 2004 Contents 1 Counting 1.1 Basic Counting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Sum Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abstraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summing Consecutive Integers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Product Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Two element subsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Important Concepts, Formulas, and Theorems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Counting Lists, Permutations, and Subsets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using the Sum and Product Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lists and functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Bijection Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . k-element permutations of a set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counting subsets...
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...College Trigonometry Version π Corrected Edition by Carl Stitz, Ph.D. Lakeland Community College Jeff Zeager, Ph.D. Lorain County Community College July 4, 2013 ii Acknowledgements While the cover of this textbook lists only two names, the book as it stands today would simply not exist if not for the tireless work and dedication of several people. First and foremost, we wish to thank our families for their patience and support during the creative process. We would also like to thank our students - the sole inspiration for the work. Among our colleagues, we wish to thank Rich Basich, Bill Previts, and Irina Lomonosov, who not only were early adopters of the textbook, but also contributed materials to the project. Special thanks go to Katie Cimperman, Terry Dykstra, Frank LeMay, and Rich Hagen who provided valuable feedback from the classroom. Thanks also to David Stumpf, Ivana Gorgievska, Jorge Gerszonowicz, Kathryn Arocho, Heather Bubnick, and Florin Muscutariu for their unwaivering support (and sometimes defense) of the book. From outside the classroom, we wish to thank Don Anthan and Ken White, who designed the electric circuit applications used in the text, as well as Drs. Wendy Marley and Marcia Ballinger for the Lorain CCC enrollment data used in the text. The authors are also indebted to the good folks at our schools’ bookstores, Gwen Sevtis (Lakeland CC) and Chris Callahan (Lorain CCC), for working with us to get printed copies to the students...
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...some large state enterprises. Bureaucrats managing state assets and the selling of assets take advantage of such power to benefit themselves, including embezzlement of public funds and taking bribes from citizens needing their help, as can be found in state enterprises, state-owned commercial banks and in government projects. Reducing the size of the government sector is a basic solution to the corruption problem in China while attention should be paid in the privatization process which can involve corruption. Outline 1. Introduction 2. Review of Past Reform Measures and Current Problems 3. Enterprise Reform Hindered by Bureaucratic Behavior 4. Reform of Banking and Financial System Hindered by Corruption 5. East-West Income Inequality and Western Development Hindered by Corruption 6. Reform of the Legal System 7. A Theory to Explain Bureaucratic Behavior and Corruption 8. Policy Recommendation 1. Introduction Reform of China’s economic institutions since 1978 has been a gradual process. A major theme of this paper is that corruption, while not a major hindrance to economic...
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