Free Essay

Supply Chain Manager

In:

Submitted By mayigg
Words 2431
Pages 10
中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Value Stream Mapping Purpose
• Provide optimum value to the customer through a complete value creation process with minimum waste in:
– Design (concept to customer) – Build (order to delivery) – Sustain (in-use through life cycle to service)

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Why ?
• Many organizations pursuing “lean” conversions have realized that improvement events alone are not enough • Improvement events create localized improvements, value stream mapping & analysis strengthens the gains by providing vision and plans that connect all improvement activities • Value stream mapping & analysis is a tool that allows you to see waste, and plan to eliminate it
Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

What Is Value?
A capability provided to a customer, Q of the highest quality, Q at the right time, Q at an appropriate price, as defined by the customer.
Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

What Is Value?
• "Value" is what the customer is buying
• Always think first about the endcustomer
– Who is the customer? – What are they buying?

• Describe value using the customers' words
Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

VSM Basics

• Current State • Ideal State • Future State

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

What Is Value Stream Analysis?
Planning tool to optimize results of eliminating waste current state VSM future state VSM

+
Http://www.leancn.org

+

Lean Basics

=

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Value Steam Mapping Steps
Next Future State

Future State

Current State

Original State

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Value Stream Scope
Extended Value Stream
Concept Order In-use Launch Delivery Recycle

Multi-plant/Multi-company Plant
Action Action Action

Action

Action

Action

Action

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Apply Five Simple Principles:
Ø Specify value from the standpoint of end customer Ø Identify the value stream for each product family VALUE Ø Make the product flow Ø So the customer can pull Ø As you manage toward perfection
Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

Perfection

VALUE STREAM

PULL

FLOW

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

What is the Value that Flows?
Specify value from the standpoint of the end customer Ask how your current products and processes disappoint your customer’s value expectation:
Ø price? Ø quality? Ø reliable delivery? Ø rapid response to changing needs?
Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

What Flows?
"ITEMS" flow through a value stream
– In manufacturing, materials are the items – In design & development, designs are the items – In service, external customer needs are the items – In admin., Internal customer needs are the items Analysis begins with part of a total value stream, That part of the value stream has customers too
Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

7 Forms of Waste
PEOPLE
Motion Processing Fixing Defects TYPES OF WASTE Waiting

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

QU AL ITY

Inventory

Moving Making Too Things Much

Q

TITY UAN
精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Material Flow Icons
ASSEMBLY XYZ Corporation

Manufacturing Process
Mon. + Wed.

Outside Sources

C/T = 45 sec. C/O = 30 min. 3 Shifts 2% Scrap

Data Box

Truck Shipment

Supermarket

Buffer or Safety Stock

300 pieces 1 Day

Inventory

max. 20 pieces

Finished Goods to Customer

FIFO
First-In-First-Out Sequence Flow

Physical Pull/Withdrawal

PUSH Arrow

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Information Flow Icons
Manual Information Flow Electronic Information Flow Signal Kanban Load Leveling Box SequencedPull Ball

Weekly Schedule

Withdrawal Kanban

Production Kanban

Kanban Post

Schedule

See” Production Scheduling

“Go

General Icons
UPTIM E
CH ANG EOVER

Kaizen Lightening Burst

Operator

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

TAKT TIME

Effective Working Time per Shift

Takt Time =
Customer Requirement per Shift

Synchronizes pace, evenly applying customer demand across the work day.
Takt Time is "Beat Time"? "Rate Time" or “Heart Beat" Lean Production uses Takt Time as the rate or time that a completed product is finished. If you have a Takt Time of two minutes that means every two minutes a complete product, assembly or machine is produced off the line

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Current State- (Manufacturing)

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Ideal State- (Manufacturing)
MACHINE COMPANY SUPPLIER Production Control ASSEMBLY COMPANY Production Control

Stock

MFG

Ship

CUSTOMER

Same Site

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Future State - (Manufacturing)

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Current State (Non-Manufacturing)
Customer
Production Control

Customer

Eng

Software Control Library
Yield. Staffing Issues Delivery

Config Mgt
Yield. Staffing Issues Delivery

SCL
Yield. Staffing Issues Delivery

Tech Pubs
Yield. Staffing Issues Delivery

Eng

Yield. Staffing Issues Delivery

Yield. Staffing Issues Delivery

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Ideal State- (Non-Manufacturing)
Customer Common Format

Eng/SCL/Tech

Software Specific Cell

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Future State- (Non-Manufacturing)
Customer Common Format Customer

Engineering

CFG MGT/SCL Cell

Tech Pubs

C/T = 45 sec. C/O = 30 min. 3 Shifts

C/T = 45 sec. C/O = 30 min. 3 Shifts

C/T = 45 sec. C/O = 30 min. 3 Shifts

2% Scrap

2% Scrap

2% Scrap

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Quoting example Introduction

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Example - Quoting VSM&A Prep Worksheet CASE FOR CHANGE:
•Only 10 % of quotes are “won” •Many quotes not considered due to long response time •Quotes inaccurate

ITEM(S):

Customer requested quote

DEMAND:
Http://www.leancn.org

2 per week

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Example - Quoting VSM&A Prep Worksheet SCOPE:
Supplier: Sales Force Inputs: Request for quote from customer

Outputs: Quote
(including price delivery, and service necessary to meet customers need)

Customer:

Sales representative

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Example - Quoting VSM&A Prep Worksheet VALUE STATEMENT:
End customer: Intermediate customer:
An accurate statement requirements necessary to meet customer needs, including price and delivery. Available when needed (within 1 week)

Depends on functionality of item being quoted.

KEY REQUIREMENTS:
Must meet customer specifications.
Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Example - Quoting VSM&A Prep Worksheet MEASUREMENTS:
Current: % of quotes won actual $ vs. bid $ Planned: response time (cycle time)

IDEAL STATE:
ON DEMAND
Quotes are generated immediately at the customers location

DEFECT FREE
Quote always meets the customers needs

ONE BY ONE
Quotes are processed immediately (I.e. sales force does not wait until Friday to send all from week)

LOWEST COST
All duplication and other waste is eliminated from the process

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

GATHER DATA
(create the current VSM)

1. Observe and gather data
• Walk the value stream - see the actual work place • Follow and make notes about “item” and information flow • Gather data for each step in the flow
– – – – Trigger/done actual lead time output Actual cycle time on time delivery staffing Defect rate batch sizes overtime Quality variations work in process

• 2. Map the flow of items
Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Example 1: Current State Value Stream Map

Engineering
•Stmt of Work •Hours estimates •Parts list •Power & weight

Manuals
•Review list •run model •Mgmt review

Quoting
Fill out RFQ form

Administration
•Schedule •Log •Copy •Distribute

Installation
•Check RFQ •Decide path •Generate spreadsheet

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

GATHER DATA
(create the current VSM)

3. Map the flow of information

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

GATHER DATA
(create the current VSM)

4. Add Data and Highlights

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

Manuals Engineering 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构
Example 1: Current State Value Stream Map
•Stmt of Work •Hours estimates •Parts list •Power & weight Trigger: receive RFQ Done:sent to manuals Flow Time: 15 days MCT: 40 hours People: 20 (.20) •Review list •run model •Mgmt review Trigger: receive RFQ Done: sent to price Flow Time: 0.5 days MCT: 1.4 hours People: 4 WIP: 6 % yield: 100 % demand: 2/week

Quoting
Fill out RFQ form

Administration
•Schedule •Log •Copy •Distribute

WIP: 6 % yield: 70% demand: 2/week

Installation
Trigger: cust. request Done: RFQ form sent Flow Time: 1.5 days MCT: 0.17 hours People: 20 (.15) WIP: 1 % yield: 60% demand: 2/week Trigger: receive RFQ Done: distribute Flow Time: 2 days MCT: 2 hours People: 1 WIP: 2 % yield: 100% demand: 2/week Trigger: receive RFQ Done: sent to price Flow Time: 0.6 day MCT: 2 hours People: 1 WIP: 3 •Check RFQ •Decide path •Generate spreadsheet

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

% yield: 100%

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

demand: 2/week

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

CREATE VISION & PLANS 1: Go Back to the Garage
• Pick a few items that flow through the value stream • Pretend you are your smallest competitor
– You’re in a garage with almost no money

• Develop the smallest, lowest capital value stream
Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

CREATE VISION & PLANS 2: Choose Natural Groups
• Review the items that flow through the value stream
– What factors make items similar or different – Group similar items together – Set aside items that complicate the groups

• Choose a target takt time for the whole value stream
– What factors drive the process cycle times – How many parallel flow paths do you want

• Choose natural groups of items (add "miscellaneous")
– Examples (like processing steps, like customers, like functionality)

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

CREATE VISION & PLANS
• • • • Assume that anything is possible Avoid shared resources Create an ideal state value stream map Add obstacle removal to strategic plans
– Start key R&D projects – Start "right-sized equipment" projects

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

CREATE VISION & PLANS 4: Develop Future State Map
• Identify the first "complete" flow path you will create
– What waste have you eliminated?

• Draw future state map of what will be achieved in the next 12 months • What will the metrics look like?
Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Example 1: FS VSM

CUSTOMER

Quoting
Complete RFQ
•review •set up model •spreadsheet •presentation Trigger: customer request Done: email RFQ Flow Time: 1 days MCT: 1 hour People: 10 WIP:1 % yield: 95% demand: 2/ week Trigger: RFQ pkg. received Done: sent to prep. Flow Time: 5 days MCT: 150 hours People: 9 WIP:3 % yield: 90% demand: 2/ week

Bid Cell
•Engineering •Installation •Prgm. Mgmt. •Training •Manuals •CAS

Proposal Prep
•Price •Write •Approve Trigger: RFQ pkg. received Done: sent to cust. Flow Time: 5 days MCT: 70 hours People: 4 WIP:3 % yield: 90% demand: 2/ week

Http://www.leancn.org

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

CREATE VISION & PLANS
5: Develop Action Plans and Tracking • Review the future state map you just created, brainstorm possible action items • Focus an action plan (month by month) • Establish tracking
– For measurements vs. targets – For action plans

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Example Quoting Value Stream Action Plan
Imp events Projects Do Its What Define basic measurements for the business unit and value stream (measure & track) Communicate “Lean” initiative, why & how to all employees in impacted value stream Quality – write standard work for RFQ’s, increase accuracy/completeness to 95% Engineering – reduce cycle time by 50%, Increase first time yield to 90%, write std. Work. CAS – reduce cycle time by 50%, write std. Work.
精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

X X X X X

Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

EXECUTE
• Communicate
– Current & future VSMs – Action plan – Measurements vs. Targets

• Execute your action plan • Be involved
– A successful lean conversion depends upon the active involvement of all members at all levels. This is critical to creating a culture that becomes a competitive advantage.
Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

中国精益生产学院

国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

ALIGN
• Conduct alignment reviews quarterly
– Evaluate progress against targets – Implement corrective action if improvements not sustained – Re-evaluate “future state” value stream map (is it still valid?)
Http://www.leancn.org
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Supply Chain Manager

...Overview / Areas of expertise: Able to set priorities, especially under time pressure and know when to take appropriate action; Able to work independently and take initiative; self driven and act in a pro-active way.  Have an eye for detail and an analytical mindset. Is a team player and work with an environment of different nationalities. Multilingual; Multi-experienced (Banking, logistics, administrative, kids events planner and recreation); Multinational level; | |Logistic Experience | | April 2007 – till April 2016 El Fil International sal (Offshore) Beirut, Lebanon Supply Chain & operation Manager Manage entire product portfolio and order management for the supply of chemical raw material used in manufacturing of glass, detergents, tanneries, animal feed and many other uses; Duties are as follows: Purchasing: ▪ Orders evaluation, control and follow up (import-export, triangular and local). ▪ Request quotations, negotiate product prices / product availability/freight rates / insurance costs / packing options / shipments schedules / payment facilities / offers validities ▪ Work together with distribution and manufacturing sites to ensure product availability, order confirmation, and provide on time production & deliveries. ▪ Ensure competent quality execution of all regular purchasing duties and administrative works in accordance...

Words: 1245 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Supply Chain Manager

...ผังความคิดเชิงระบบ " พระพุทธเจาคิดอะไร ?" ธรรมสมาธิ ปราโมทย ปติ ปสสัทธิ สุข สมาธิ จุดเนนของพุทธทาส แจมใส/ไมขุนมัว อิ่มใจ/ปลาบปลื้ม ผอนคลาย-ไมเครียด แฮปปไมถูกบีบคั้น แนวแน-ไมฟุงซาน 4.ชีวิตควรเปนอยูอยางไร ? มิจฉาปฏิปทา 9.อวิชชา 8.นิวรณ5 7.ทุจริต3 6.ไมสํารวมอินทรีย 5.ขาดสติสัมปชัญญะ 4.ขาดโยนิโสมนสิการ 3.ขาดศรัทธา 2.ขาดสดับสัทธรรม 1.ไมไดเสวนาสัปบุรุษ สัมมาปฏิปทา 9.วิชชา/วิมุตติ 8.โพชชงค 7 7.สติปฎฐาน 4 6.อินทรียสังวรณ 5.สติสัมปปชัญญะ 4.โยนิโสมนสิการ 3.ศรัทธา 2.สดับสัทธรรม 1.เสวนาสัปปบุรุษ 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 อะไรเปนอะไร สวนใหญเกิดจากสวนยอย อุภโตภาควิมุตติ เจดตวิมุตติ ปญญาวิมุตติ จิตตัสเสกัคคตา สัมมาสมาธิ สัมมาสติ สัมมาวายามะ สัมมาอาชีวะ สัมมากัมมันตะ สัมมาวาจา สัมมาสังกัปปะ สัมมาทิฎฐิ เอกัคคตา ฌานสมาบัติ กรรมฐาน 40 one-pointed mind Right Concentration Right Mindfulness Right Effort Right Livelihood Right Action Right Speech Right Thought Right View จิตมั่นชอบ ระลึกชอบ พยายามชอบ อาชีพชอบ กระทําชอบ วาจาชอบ ดําริชอบ เห็นชอบ ตั้งมั่นแนวแน มีสติกํากับตัว เพียรพยายาม ยังชีพชอบ เกื้อกูลกัน พูดกอประโยชน คิดไมเอนเอียง เห็นตามสภาวะ สติปฎฐาน 4 กาย เวทนา จิต ธรรมานุปสสนา กาลามสูตร 10 อยาเชื่อ เพราะ.. ฟงตามกันมา ถือสืบตอกันมา คําเลาลือ อางตํารา/คัมภีร อางตรรกะ อนุมานเอา ตรองตามเหตุผล เขากับทฤษฎีตน ผูพูดนาเชื่อถือ ผูพูดเปนครู อริยสัจ 4 รูสภาพปญหา/ทุกข รูเหตุแหงทุกข/สมุหทัย รูการดับทุกข/นิโรธ วางวิธีการ/มรรค ขอดี/ขอดอย/โอกาส SWOT สัปปุริสธรรม 7 รูหลัก/รูเหตุ รูผล/ความมุงหมาย กุศลธรรม รูตน ชี้ใหชัด/ชวนใหปฎิบัติ...

Words: 921 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Peanutty & Co

...The Peanutty Food & Company To start off Peanutty should first establish an integrated vision of their supply chain. This will give them some kind of direction needed to progress. In order to ensure the supply of raw materials for its operations, I think it’s a great idea to try and gain more customers that will supply them with raw materials. It states that some companies do send them some raw materials because they are also a service provider. This includes the preparation of food items for large companies in the sector such as fillings and marshmallows. These companies provide them with packaging and labels. Having more companies helping them out will ensure that they receive their supply. They would always have a backup supply readily available. In order to keep production cost they should only bring in the amount of raw materials that are needed. Doing this will save money on resources that are not being used. As for dealing with Peanutty’s suppliers I don’t’ think there is much they can do to manage the powers because there are so few suppliers. One way that may be helpful is to start importing the material. Although geographically it is much cheaper and easier to get products from the producers close, having another source will give Peanutty more power when it comes to supply chain activities and operations. I feel that a reason that customers and suppliers pretty much have all the power is because they can probably sense that Peanutty is very unorganized and therefore...

Words: 604 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

The Adoption of E-Business Technology by Smes

...Abstract The paper examines the key factors influencing the adoption of e-business technology by SMEs. To this end, the paper draws on a range of literatures on the diffusion of new information and communication technologies (ICTs), many of which have hitherto been treated as separate. The reasons for this are two-fold. First, e-business technologies are the latest in a line of new ICT technologies. When exploited successfully, ICTs have increased firm competitiveness either by raising the efficiency of internal communication and organisation and/or supply chain relationships, or by facilitating the development of new/improved products and services. Second, it is hypothesised that many of the factors affecting the successful adoption of new technologies are generic in nature. With regards to SMEs specifically, consideration of earlier research may assist us in identifying a set of enablers and barriers to e-business adoption. Hence, by explicitly acknowledging the context and prior history of research in the area, we are able to map out the dimensions of future theoretical and empirical research in e-business adoption by SMEs. In addition to drawing together factors identified by existing research, the paper highlights the implications of network externalities for the timing of technology investments and the returns that accrue to early and late adopters. It also draws attention to a number of problems associated with the analytical concept of ‘the SME’ when it...

Words: 13062 - Pages: 53

Premium Essay

Innovation Versus Complexity

...to the store, where they’re prepared in the open kitchen behind the cashiers. You’ll see a few folks eating at the restaurant’s tables or tucking into their food outdoors on patio benches, but most customers come in with a handful of cash—no credit or debit cards, thank you—and head back out with their meals. Four is In-N-Out Burger’s innovation fulcrum—the point at which the number of products strikes the right balance between customer satisfaction and operating complexity. Four means simple purchasing, simple production, and simple service. And, it turns out, in a world where fast-food restaurants are forever adding formats and menu items, simple means harvard business review • november 2005 profitable growth. With its chain of about 200 restaurants...

Words: 5992 - Pages: 24

Premium Essay

Business

...decade. In the last 10 years, Wal-Mart has achieved strong and constant growth in sales and net income. It has maintained the leading position in the U.S. discount retail industry and has become the largest retailer in the world. With the maturity of the industry, coupled with the intense competition from rivalry companies, maintaining the current level of high performance becomes very challenging. The Porter’s Five Forces analysis reveals that the competition among rivals is the driving force of the industry, in which price is the most critical factor. The value chain analysis and resource based view analysis show that Wal-Mart has been very successful in implementing the strategy as the low-cost leader by inculcating cost efficiency in its corporate culture, management style, and operations. It has been the pioneer in adopting cutting edge technology to streamline its supply chain, and to understand and respond timely to customer demand. Wal-Mart has developed many strengths that help guard its leading position and open door to many opportunities for expanding the business. However, it also faces threats from growing too big and in many areas, which makes it vulnerable to losing control, weakened cooperation among stores and regions, and competition in multiple fronts. Wal-Mart should be caution in its growth strategy, especially in the expansion of its international presence. Although its financial strength, management skills, and operation efficiency...

Words: 4139 - Pages: 17

Premium Essay

The Role of the Engineer in the Value Chain

...The Role of the Engineer in the Value Chain Executive Summary In the recent past, value chain management has undergone radical transformation through various stages of automation, optimization and integration. This is based on a variety of reasons such as shortened technology and product development lifecycles, globalization, and pressures of competitive forces. This has forced organizations to review their value chain systems in order to survive and grow in such dynamic economic environments. In the field of engineering, value chains have become vital aspects of operations management when it comes to the application of engineering systems to the industrial and commercial processes. The main purpose of this paper is to disentangle the role of the engineer in the value chain. In this context, it will go further in analyzing the key elements of value chain and any accrued benefits that come with use of engineers in the value chain management.   Value Chain Analysis The inception of Value Chain is associated with Michael Porter. He gives his understanding to this concept using a model he referred to as; “Porter’s value chain model” (Sekhar, 2009: 115). This model evaluates the strategically vital activities in a firm that boost its competitive advantage. Such competitive advantage is usually achieved through the core competencies of the firm. According to Porter, a firm is defined by a set of processes and functions which he classified into five main activities; the inbound...

Words: 1567 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Unit B6: Provide Leadership in Your Area of Responsibility

...Personal Report (Evidence 1) Overview I work for Noble’s Hospital in the Isle of Man, which is part of the Isle of Man Government Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS). Noble’s Hospital is the main acute healthcare facility on the Island of a population of approximately 80,000. Within the hospital, I work for the Purchasing and Supply Department who as a general overview, undertake Capital Equipping Projects, DHSS wide Contracts, Process orders for medical and non medical consumables and distribute a wide range of medical and non medical consumables to the hospital. My role within the Purchasing Office is a Buyer/Contracts Officer along with two further staff who report to our line manger, My role is diverse and consists of 3 major elements. I manage Capital Equipment Projects (Group 3 Furniture and Furnishings) as and when required, I undertake Procurement Contracting work with a range of Government Departments; and finally, I work closely with the Purchasing and Supply sections of our Axapta Financial System. Within my role it is essential that I work effectively and efficiently, leading by example where required, or listening and developing communication relationships in order to meet our organisational requirements. Our Purchasing Office consists of only three staff, I, P and Myself, due to the retirement of two staff. During the year of 2009 our small group has grown very close, primarily because of friendship but organisationally...

Words: 822 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Bip Nyu Final

...Patil, Yash Robert Tanner 5/11/2014 BIP: Final Paper Time to do the Laundry At 9am on the 24th of April, a textile manufacturing building in Dhaka, Bangladesh collapsed due to oversight from supervisors. 1129 people were killed and an additional 2515 were injured as a result. Many of the higher floors didn’t have permits to be legally constructed[1]. The workers were making 52 dollars a month in wages and lived below the poverty line. The clothes manufactured here would be exported and sold in stores like Walmart. Situations like these exist around the world, but only get recognized when disaster occurs. Businesses are some of the biggest entities in the world. Some companies are even bigger than nations; 50 of the largest economies in the world are run by multinational companies; like General Electrics and British Petroleum which are bigger than UAE and Vietnam respectively[2]. The United States Government does provide 21 billion dollars in non-military aid to foreign countries, but this is nothing compared to the impact businesses can have. The textile industry in America alone generates 248 billion dollars in revenue and employs 75 million people globally. Businesses have the capability to empower workers and improve their mission while creating shared value[3]. What is shared value? CSV or Creating Shared Value is the process of aligning economic interests with societal interests to create value for stakeholders and shareholders. Corporations have taken on CSR or...

Words: 1731 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Lecture

...International Management Part 1: The Global Manager’s Environment Part 2: The Cultural Context of Global Management Part 3: Formulating Strategy Part 4: Global Human Resources Management The University of Western Australia Strategic Planning and Strategy Strategic Planning • The process by which a firm’s managers evaluate the future prospects of the firma and decide on appropriate strategies to achieve long-term objectives Strategy • The basic means by which the firm competes., that is, its choice of business or businesses in which to operate and the ways in which it differentiates itself from its competitors 63 How does globalisation, risk, political-legal-ethical and culture affect the value chain that a firm manages and operates to create ‘value’ = strategic planning +strategy = STRATEGIC FIT between ‘inputs’ and ‘outputs’ Porter, M (1985) Competitive Advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance. NY: Free Press The University of Western Australia Steps in Developing International and Global Strategies Mission and Objectives Environmental Assessment and Scanning (PEST, PESTEL, Risk) Internal and Competitive Analysis (SWOT) Global Integrative and Entry Strategy Alternatives (Export, JV, Strategic Alliance, CAGE) Strategic Choice, Implementation, Feedback, and Control (Governance) Copyright ©2014 Pearson Education Realize that much of international business is conducted through strategic alliances...

Words: 1280 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Zara Case Study

...Zara Case Study - Answer the following questions using both the case in the text and online research. Citations (within the text) and a bibliography are required. Be sure to provide an overview of the case in a short paragraph prior to answering each question. List the question you are answering prior to your answer. Vertical Supply Chain Zara uses a vertical supply chain, which is an uncommon strategy in the fashion industry. A company that operates in a vertically integrated strategy has total control of the various business activities, such as designing, manufacturing, sourcing, and to distribution to retail stores. This gives the company total business management. 1. As completely as possible, explain the supply chain for Zara from raw materials to consumer purchase. (5 points) Zara makes about 40% of their raw material (fabric) and produces more than half of its own clothes. (Kotler and Armstrong). The remaining 60% is outsourced from within Spain, mostly from the La Curuna. Designing of clothes at Zara is done by creative teams of over 300 professionals at the headquarters in La Curuna, Spain. (Supply Chain Brain). After the designers complete a design they are sent to Zara’s production system to cut the fabric. The design is then sent for sewing by one of several hundred local cooperatives. After sewing, the clothes are returned to Zara’s facilities for ironing by an assembly line of workers. After this, the items are wrapped and transported on conveyor...

Words: 1581 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Business as Usual Is Not an Option Supply Chains and Sourcing After Rana Plaza

...Business as Usual is Not an Option Supply Chains and Sourcing after Rana Plaza Sarah Labowitz and Dorothée Baumann-Pauly April 2014 About the Center for Business and Human Rights at New York University Stern School of Business “At NYU Stern, we develop people and ideas that transform the challenges of the 21st century into opportunities to create value for business and society. Our Center for Business and Human Rights is the embodiment of that mission. By creating a safe haven for open dialogue and convening relevant voices for discussion around practical solutions to some of the world’s most pressing problems, the Center, and by extension this report, demonstrate that profit and principle can co-exist. ” –Peter Henry, Dean NYU Stern School of Business Dean Henry launched the Center for Business and Human Rights in March 2013 with a strong belief in the power of business to create positive change in society. In that spirit, the Center’s mission is to challenge and empower businesses to make practical progress on human rights in their own operations. It is the first center to focus on human rights as an integral part of a business school. We start from the premise that business can and does work for the good of society. We support the goal of business to create value while emphasizing high standards for human rights performance. Each year, we take on a major project around a set of human rights challenges in a sector that is of foremost concern for companies, consumers...

Words: 26968 - Pages: 108

Premium Essay

Brand Sme

...POMS Abstract Number: 011-0371 Title: Managing Global Food Supply Chain Risks: A Scenario Planning Perspective A. Deep Business School, Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK Email: a.deep@lboro.ac.uk || Phone: +44.1509 223176 S. Dani Business School, Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK Email: s.dani@lboro.ac.uk || Phone: +44.1509228830 POMS 20th Annual Conference Orlando, Florida U.S.A. May 1 to May 4, 2009 Introduction Food is a fundamental requisite for human existence. An agrarian society shows the simplistic form of existence where agriculture forms the core of the society and is the prime means of support and sustenance. That, however, no longer remains the foundation of most of today’s developed economies where food chains are increasingly becoming complex and multi tiered. The chains start with agriculture and ends ultimately, with household consumption. But the numbers of entities between these ends encompass geographical, economic, political and social extremes. This compounded over uncertainty occurring from natural disasters, climate changes, epidemics and terrorist threats place the food supply chain in a particularly vulnerable position. The recent Chinese milk scare which left thousands of Chinese babies ill after consuming melamine tainted milk powder produced by the Chinese Sanlu Group required urgent action by New Zealand, United States and the European Union to issue product warnings to contain the spread of melamine related...

Words: 5166 - Pages: 21

Premium Essay

The Gap Between Chinese Business Model and the International Advanced Business Model

...which means that the business environment for our manufacturing has been becoming more deteriorative. From government’s perspective, China need industrial transformation and upgrade industries. On enterprises’ viewpoint, the significant method for this situation is innovate the business model. This essay will demonstrate the gap between Chinese business model and the international advanced business model. The control power to industry chain determined the merchant mode. In modern business, controlling the upstream section of the industry chain means that the enterprises make profits and economize the resource and cost furthest. For instance, China only control the one part of industry chain. That is manufacture which is a low-income and high cost part. However, the upstream section of the industry chain was controlled by American companies. The most famous example may be the Apple Inc. that never produce even one element of electronic products. Apple Inc. masters the design and research section which is high yield and the crux of the whole chain. Then, Apple utilize this superiority to attract other manufacturer such as Foxconn. Apple will lower the price per unit to make more profits, which depress the Foxconn to only survive. Foxconn have to overburden workers to work for almost 12 hours per day. As a result, 11...

Words: 1662 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Ch 1 Questions

...decision-making than information. D) Data and information are the same. Answer: B Page Ref: 4 Objective: Learning Objective 1 Difficulty : Easy AACSB: Analytic 2) Information is A) basically the same as data. B) raw facts about transactions. C) potentially useful facts when processed in a timely manner. D) data that has been organized and processed so that it's meaningful. Answer: D Page Ref: 4 Objective: Learning Objective 1 Difficulty : Easy AACSB: Analytic 3) The value of information can best be defined as A) how useful it is to decision makers. B) the benefits produced by possessing and using the information minus the cost of producing it. C) how relevant it is. D) the extent to which it maximizes the value chain. Answer: B Page Ref: 4 Objective: Learning Objective 1 Difficulty : Moderate AACSB: Analytic 4) An accounting information system (AIS) processes ________ to provide users with ________. A) data; information B) data; transactions C) information; data D) data; benefits Answer: A Page Ref: 10 Objective: Learning Objective 1 Difficulty : Easy AACSB: Analytic 5) Information that reduces uncertainty, improves decision makers' ability to make predictions, or confirms or corrects their prior expectations, is said to be A) complete. B) relevant. C) reliable. D) timely. Answer: B Page Ref: 5 Objective: Learning Objective 1 Difficulty : Easy AACSB: Analytic 6) Information that is free from error or bias and...

Words: 6299 - Pages: 26