Review question Ch 1

1.Sheriff, Constable, Coroner and the Justice of the Peace.

2.The principle of civil control of the military remained intact, the true legacy of Colonial policing after the Revolutionary War.

3. 4.Law Enforcement in the Wild West wasn't very good. They law officers were essentially bounty hunters, they had a lot of trouble with stopping crime but they did what they could to find the man/woman responsible for a crime as long as they knew who he/she was.

5. He had 9 principles you had to go by here they are. The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder.
The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police actions.
Police must secure the willing co-operation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public.
The degree of co-operation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionately to the necessity of the use of physical force.
Police seek and preserve public favour not by catering to public opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law.
Police use physical force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when the exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be insufficient.
Police, at all times, should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and the public are the police; the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence.
Police should always direct their action strictly towards their functions and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary.
The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it.

Several important developments provided the rationale for the contemporary community policing and problem-solving era in America. First, reformers attempted to remove the police from political influences that prevailed from the 1840s to the 1930s by creating civil service systems to eliminate patronage and ward influences in hiring and firing police officers (Goldstein 1977). August Vollmer, a pioneer of police professionalism, also rallied police executives around the idea of reform during the 1920s and 1930s. Vollmer believed that police officers should do more than merely arrest offenders, and that they should actively seek to prevent crime by ”saving” potential or actual offenders. The focus on prevention instead of repression was an important step in police reform. Problems with the professional model of policing began to arise during the late 1960s due to the following reasons: Crime began to rise and research suggested that conventional police methods were not effective. The 1960s were a time of political and social unrest. Inner-city residents rioted in several major cities, protesters denounced military involvement in Vietnam, and many questions were raised about the role of the police and their ability to effectively control crime. Increasedfear of crime. Citizens abandoned parks, public transportation, neighborhood shopping centers, churches, and entire neighborhoods. Researchers found that fear was more closely associated with disorder than with actual crime. Ironically, order maintenance was one of the functions that police had been downplaying over the years, choosing instead to focus on crime control. Minority citizens did not perceive their treatment as equitable or adequate. They protested not only police mistreatment, but lack of treatment. The legitimacy of police was questioned: Students resisted police, minorities rioted against what they represented, and the public began to question the effectiveness of police tactics. Some of the premises on which the reform era was founded could no longer be sustained. Police studies highlighted the use of discretion at all levels of policing and reported that law enforcement comprised but a small portion of police activities. Other research findings shook the foundations of old assumptions about policing (some of which are discussed below) and many more. Policing has come from a full circle it has came up to greater success in the law expeciall in the alcohol the gangs etc.

Review question ch 2

1.The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is a cabinet department of the United States federal government, created in response to the September 11 attacks, and with the primary responsibilities of protecting the United States of America and U.S. Territories (including Protectorates)[vague] from and responding to terrorist attacks, man-made accidents, and natural disasters.

Immigration and Naturalization Service and assumed its duties : Immigration and Customs Enforcement and Citizenship and Immigration Services. The investigative divisions and intelligence gathering units of the INS and Customs Service were merged forming Homeland Security Investigations. U.S. Border Patrol, the U.S. Customs Service, and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service were consolidated into a new agency under DHS: U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The Federal Protective Service falls under the National Protection and Programs Directorate.

3. I know that some of the agents are trained in Glynco, Georgia at FLETC like ATF, U.S. Marshals, the Secret Service and I believe ICE. The DEA and FBI are trained at Quantico, Virginia. Agents are trained in knowledge of federal laws, investigative techniques, proper search and seizure including raids, how to make arrests, hand to hand combat and weapons training. The training of course depends on the agency. The DEA focuses on drugs whereas ATF handles tobacco, firearms, alcohol and explosives and ICE handles immigration and customs enforcement. Now for an agency like the FBI, the agent training is much more specialized meaning they get all the training I just stated but it focuses more on one maybe two particular crimes, three if your lucky but most of the agents that get trained in three crimes or more work in the violent crimes division handling stuff like bank robberies, kidnappings and cargo theft. Say you get hired having a background like I have in the sciences, in my case biology and biochemistry, most likely you'd be trained in environmental crimes or weapons of mass destruction particularly biochemicals like Anthrax. Some one with a background in accounting might do corporate frauds or embezzlement. Someone with a background in engineering would get training in ecological sabotage and WMDs focusing on bomb making or the smuggling and/or selling of bomb making materials and explosives. And on and on it goes.

4.The CIA the nation's security and warrants. IRS it the monitoring and collectiong of federal income tax from American individuals and businesses.

5.There are many different roles in which local law enforcement agencies take part in on a daily basis. The duties, functions and responsibilities of local law enforcement agencies are broken down into many different roles. Local law enforcement agencies are in place to provide routine patrol of the communities within their jurisdictions, provide emergency services, maintain records, uphold traffic enforcement laws, conduct criminal investigations / planning and analysis, maintain property, keep within a budget, provide laboratory or forensic investigation, create agendas, provide detention for adults and juveniles, provide public information, community services, alcoholic testing, crime prevention communications, community relations, internal affairs, equipment maintenance and supply, and much more.

State law enforcement agencies are charged with many different roles as well. State police are charged with keeping the state's highways, rural areas, and many other areas within their state safe. State police are also charged with keeping motor vehicles inspected per U.S. regulation. Many other agencies within the state as well share many other roles with other state and local law enforcement agencies. The state law enforcement agencies also conduct criminal investigations, public relations and community initiatives. The difference between local and state law enforcement agencies is their resources, staff, in some cases budgets, and jurisdictions.

Review question ch 3

Marx said that the Commune's first revolutionary measure was the suppression ... Thus, it is tempting to look for criteria defining a type of social organization that .... Clearly, state bureaucracies are usually staffed by middle-class elements. .... The above does not apply only to Weber, but to every attempt at a formal definition

SUPPORTING LEADERS ELEMENT AND ... MAIN EXECUTIVE ELEMENT ... POLICE. ATTACHE. PROTOCOL DEPT. SERVICE FOR. OFFICIAL. GUEST .

This chain has two underlying principles: unity of command and scalar principle. .... Accountability means answering for one's actions and accepting the ... Few managers are successful in the long term without learning to delegate effectively. ... Span of control (sometimes called span of management) refers to the number of the chain of commands