...The World without Music From as far back as scholars can trace, music has always been an essential part of the human culture all over the globe. Music can be used to convey feelings, promote religious agendas, and entertain. It can be expressed through chanting, singing, dancing, and most importantly, playing instruments. One instrument, the violin, has been a major part of musical compositions for many centuries. The violins importance with music can be analyzed by focusing on its history, its sound and effects, the style of music that made it popular, and how it is being incorporated in music today. First, to understand the violin, one must know what it is exactly. The violin, also referred to as the fiddle, is a four-stringed instrument that can produce different tones depending on which string is played, A, E, D, or G. It belongs to a family of stringed instruments, which includes the cello and viola. The violin is the smallest instrument in the strings family. Kerman and Tomlinson, authors of the music book Listen, point out: Stringed instruments produce their sound by means of taut strings attached to the sound box, a hollow box containing a body of air that resonates (that is, vibrates along with the strings) to amplify the string sound. The strings themselves can be played with a bow, as with the violin and other orchestral strings; the bow is strung tightly with horsehair, which is coated with a substance called rosin so that the bow grips the strings...
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...word symphony is derived from the Greek word symphonia, meaning "agreement or concord of sound” and was often used in the place of the word consonance. Earliest incorporations of the word symphony began during the Baroque era. For most of this period, the terms symphony and sinfonia were used for a wide range of different compositions, including instrumental pieces used in operas, sonatas and concertos and were usually part of a larger work. By the 18th century, the opera sinfonia (Italian overture) had a standard structure of three contrasting movements: fast, slow, fast/ dance-like. It is this form that is often considered as the most prevalent of the orchestral symphony and the terms overture, symphony and sinfonia were often seen as...
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...Classical Period (1750-1825) Listening Bridge Both of these excerpts are from CONCERTOS. Listen and compare, using the following questions as guides: • What is the solo instrument in each piece? • How would you describe the orchestra that accompanies the soloist in each example? • In which piece does the orchestra and soloist play the same “theme”? • In which piece does the accompaniment part include many repeated tones? • In which piece are there more sudden and extreme changes in dynamics? • Which one has a basso continuo? • Which one features a more “singable” melody? • What purpose do you think each piece was intended to serve? |[pic]Four Seasons: Winter |[pic]Piano Concerto No. 21 C major | |[pic] |[pic] | |Antonio Vivaldi |Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | | | | |Born: 1678 |Born: 1756 | |Died: 1741 |Died: 1791 | |Period: Baroque |Period:...
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...1 – The symphony is an important genre that was created during the Classical period. Using examples of symphonies by Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven and Brahms, describe two [2] main features of the genre, and describe two [2] important changes or innovations that took place by the time Brahms composed his Symphony no. 1. Two main features of the genre are that there are four movements: sonata allegro, theme and variation, minuet, and then finale or rondo.Fast, usually an allegro and in what became known as sonata form. Slow and often in a simple form such as ternary form. Minuet and trio, a dance borrowed from the Baroque period and in ternary form. Fast and usually an allegro, often light-hearted in style and in a form such as rondo form, theme and variations or sonata form. strings, a woodwind section of a flute, two oboes, two clarinets and two bassoons, with some brass instruments, two French horns, sometimes two trumpets and normally only timpani from the percussion section. symphony no. 5 by Beethoven. Haydn, “Father” of the Symphony, Symphony No. 104 In D Major, “London” and Mozart, Symphony no. 40 in g-minor all focused on absolute music. Brahms began composing his Symphony no. 1 in 1854 and completed it in 1876 which was during the romantic period. The range of musical materials used by composers expanded enormously. Romantic composers looked for a greater freedom in the design and structure of their music, and more intense and personal expression of emotion. Melodies...
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...musical motive * Based on plainchant * Genre: kyrie from a late renaissance mass * 4 part polyphony; imitative polyphony * ancient, greek prayer * 1st part of mass ordinary * Hear women and men 2. Johann Sebastian Bach – Branderburg Concerto No.5, 1st movement – Late Baroque Period (1712) * Concerto grosso: group of several solo instruments and orchestra * Solo group: flute, violin, harpsichord, basic Baroque string orchestra * First movement: allegro, ritornella form, loud, bright, solid sounding, solid cadence, imitative polyphony, harpsichord cadenza, showing off qualities of a virtuoso harpsichord player * Genre: concerto grosso * 1stmovement allegro * ritornello form 3. Ludwig Van Beethoven: Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, 1st Movement (1808) between Classicism and Romanticism * Symphonic ideal * Ehytmic drive, motivic consistency, definite progression * First movement – sngle motive heard constantly – organic quality – seems to grow * Classical forms, however, replaced miuet w/ scherzo (fast, rushing movement in triple meter –ABA) * Allegro * Single motive – first theme in the exposititon * Single rhythmic motive * Allegro * Sonata form * Motive expands further in the development section – continues growing in the long coda * Sonata form * Classical 4. Frediric Chopin: Nocturne in F major, op 15 no. 2 * Ternary form * Genre: song cylcle * Rubato * Romanticism ...
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...Beethoven (17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827) was a German pianist and composer. He was a figure in Western art music in Classical to Romantic era transition. His Compositions He was taught music and often soundly beaten by his father Johann - a music teacher and by a fellow composer Haydn after he moved to Vienna in 1792. His hearing began to deteriorate in his mid-twenties, and by the last decade of his life he became almost totally deaf. He gave up performing and conducting in public but continued to compose; many of his most admired works come from this period. His symphonies were composed as follows: Symphony 1 was composed in Key C, symphony 2 in key D, symphony 3 in Key E flat and titled “Eroica”. ”Eroica” helped redefine symphony as a genre of music. It was first performed in 1804. Symphony 4 was composed in Key B flat, symphony 5 in C minor, symphony 6 in Key F and titled “Pastoral”. Symphony 7 was composed in Key A. Symphony 8 was composed in Key F and symphony 9 in D minor and was titled, “Choral”. The ninth symphony included a chorus. It was very popular since it was with this symphony that a composer used choral voices in a major symphony. His opera was titled, “Fidelio”. It was composed in the ‘middle period’ of Ludwig’s career and it went on through many revisions and rewrites. By the time of his death, he had the following compositions: 1 Opera, 9 Symphonies, 31 orchestral works, 77 choral works, 87 Songs and 92 chamber pieces. He also wrote further 101 Instrumental...
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...For Beethoven, the sonata form is not a scheme that can be used in caprice one day and abandoned the next. This form dominates everything he imagines and composes; it is the very mark of his creation and the form of his thought – an inherent form, a natural one. (Edwin Fischer, Beethoven’s Piano Sonatas). Beethoven’s thirty-two piano sonatas constitute a great treasure that embodies a part of the human eternity. Numerous pianists and musicologists have researched or studied them, trying to impart to their students or readers the prodigality of these true musical riches. Beethoven holds a key role in the transformation and evolution of the sonata form. Even if he maintains the characteristics initially set by his predecessors, Haydn and Mozart, Beethoven imposes on the sonata his strong personality creating a new, impressive, form of art, in which his own life, with its joys and sorrows, is projected. With Beethoven the musical theme acquires remarkable proportions, of such strength, that it imposes itself over the listener’s attention and memory. As the French composer, Vincent d’ Indy once said, with Beethoven, the musical theme turns into an concept that spreads throughout the hole work making it easily recognizable even if harmonic, modal or tonal aspects change. The fundamental principle of organization of the Beethoven piano sonata is the tonality. We can say that Beethoven perceived tonality as the key to any composition, since it leads to the true...
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...| Matt Cardoza | Ally Short | Matt King | Amanda Minguillon | Melissa Queen | Anthony Costa | Nick Fong | Ben Rigel | Nick Tuttle | Betsy Serrano | Nicole Arce | Britany Linton | Nirbhik Trehan | Dawn Shipley | Priscilla Esparza | Dayna Best | Steven Dawson – Roberts | Elanor Pitts | Steven Vargas | Evan Schlinkert | Thomas Vo | James Palmer | Tommy Mohoric | John Howe | Tracy Vasquez* | Maddy Aliotti | | Professor Eric Kolhede*Coordinator | | Table of Contents I. Executive Summary 1 II. Research Problem 3 III. Situation (SWOT) Analysis 7 A. External Macro-environmental Forces 7 1) Demographic and Social/Cultural Trends Purpose 7 2) Economic Environment 16 3) Technological Dimension 21 4) Political Environment 27 5) Legal Environment 31 6) Cooperative Environment 33 7) Product Market Analysis 36 8) Competitive Analysis 50 B. Internal Environment 71 1) Introduction 71 2) Resources 75 3) Marketing Mix Program 77 4) Conclusion 77 IV. Primary Research 79 A. Focus Groups 79 B. Sampling Plan 93 1) Population 93 2) Sample Size 94 3) Sampling Method 94 V. Primary Research Findings - Uni variate Data Analysis 99 VI. Strategic Marketing Plan 123 A. Segmentation Analysis 123 1) Identifying Segments 123 2) Segment Profiles 124 B. Targeting Strategy 128 C. Positioning Strategy 128 1) Followers 128 2) Casuals 129 3) Aficionados 129 D. Product Strategy 130 1) Current Product Mix 130 2) Product Objectives 130 3)...
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...Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Symphony 40 in G minor KV 550 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQVsvDt-KPA This symphony is composed by the well known music composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1788. It is a classical and first movement (Molto allegro) symphony. In this symphony percussions, brass and keyboards are not used. Only strings and woodwind instruments are used to compose this symphony. This symphony is mainly dominated by String instruments. It is a tensed music. The arrangement of this symphony is slow tempo, fast tempo, slow tempo, fast tempo. Instruments Used In This Symphony 1. Violin 2. Oboe 3. Flute 4. Double Bass 5. Cello 6. Bassoon 7. Clarinet My Personal Opinion Regarding This Symphony I personally found this symphony to be relaxing and tensed at the same time as it follows both genres gradually. We can experience soft temp as well as in high tempo, which really catches the attention of the one who is listening to it. This symphony has the capability to change one’s mood. As it is very well composed and the way the musicians have synchronised the instrument sounds, it really makes a good composition, as a listener, I really got involved in the music as it relaxed me. But if I would have been tensed, it would have made me more tensed. I really like the way the Maestro/Conductor was making them play the symphony, as he knew what to do and how to make them follow the rhythm and tone. As the tone in this symphony was really important...
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...Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was and still is one of the greatest composers to ever live. His name, music, and reputation are known to the world over, and to the majority of people worldwide, despite the fact that most people know little to nothing about Mozart or his music. Mozart’s fame stemmed from his start in composing music when he was just four, as well as his start in writing minuets by the age of five. As Mozart grew, he started to write symphonies around the age of eight or nine. His very first opera was performed when he was just eleven years old. Mozart also played numerous instruments during his lifetime; by the age of 3, he was already playing the harpsichord. Mozart was extremely talented on the keyboard and knew how to play...
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...Romantic music. The romantic era (1800-1850) in music is made by large pieces of work that start to make bigger orchestras with bigger sounds. This music places a strong point on “stirring emotions” within the listener, and doesn’t have to do with the emotion of “love”. Romantic composer made this by writing more complicated music. They use key changes, dissonance, and chromatics a lot. This was done by improving instruments that was played in music theory and teaching how to write music. Beethoven played a major part in bringing music into this new style, and his 3rd symphony is a prime example. Few Romantic composers were Schumann, Chopin, Rossini, and Tchaikovsky. Few characteristics of Romantic music are intense expression of emotions, more freedom in the structure (form) of the music, more complex use of tone and rhythm, larger orchestras/developments in wind instruments, greater technical virtuosity, sense of “nationalism” in musical styles, and links music with other art forms. 2. Discuss the romantic orchestra, program music, nationalism, and exoticism. Romantic orchestra has a wider range of instruments and pitches. It has many more players than a classical orchestra. Romantic orchestra was used in different ways. For example, composers start to use more adventurous techniques like flutter-tonguing on the woodwind instruments and col legno on string instruments. Romantic orchestras have larger brass and percussion section. Program music is a musical...
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...GRADE 9 Learning Module MUSIC (Qtr 1 to 4) Compilation by Ben: r_borres@yahoo.com MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 To the illustrator: Using the blank map of Europe, place pictures of ALL the composers featured in EACH UNIT around the map and put arrows pointing to the country where they come from. Maybe you can use better looking arrows and format the composer’s pictures in an oval shape. The writers would like to show where the composers come from. I am attaching a file of the blank map and please edit it with the corresponding name and fill it the needed area with different colors. Please follow the example below. (Check the pictures of the composers and their hometowns in all the units.) Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 1 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 Time allotment: 8 hours LEARNING AREA STANDARD The learner demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and processes in music and art through appreciation, analysis and performance for his/her self-development, celebration of his/her Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and expansion of his/her world vision. key - stage STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of music and art of the Philippines and the world, through appreciation, analysis, and performance, for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision...
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...Moldenhauer Archives at the Library of Congress | Table of Contents Music History from Primary Sources An Introductory Essay Alfred Mann A vellum leaf, 22 by 17 cm., from a prayer book. The letter forms of early Gothic script suggest the twelfth century, or a period even earlier. Neumes (marked in red) are placed above the first four lines of the Latin text. The entire page is richly illuminated in black, red, and blue, with a heavy gold layer decorating the initial A for the phrase beginning "Adoro te." The leaf was obtained for the Moldenhauer Archives from the music dealer and publishing firm Schneider, Tutzing. The Art of Musical Notation In its primary sources, music merges with the representational arts. Oral tradition has played a fundamental role in all ages, but in its formal sense, history--and the history of music--begins with the visual record. Musical notation, having emerged on a wide scale in all civilizations, produced in itself a highly individual record of artistic endeavor. The medieval monks who compiled the missals and other liturgical books for the service of worship rose from their function as scribes to artists in their own right; among the greatest documents of Baroque art are the holographs by Bach; and an entirely novel phase in artistic musical score design was initiated in the twentieth century. The primary sources of music reproduced in this volume rely on various aspects of the graphic arts, but foremost among them stands the representation...
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...of Ludwig van Beethoven Introduction Ludwig van Beethoven (December 1770- March 1827) was a pianist and composer- arguably the greatest and most influential composer of all time. He made his mark in history with the crucial role that he played in the transition of classical eras in art music. He had a full and varied music career and wasn’t afraid to move his numerous compositions from the tried and tested musical styles. In terms or the world’s greatest, Beethoven only comes second to the likes of Mozart or Bach. Beethoven is best known for his compositions, which include 32 piano sonatas, 5 concertos for piano, 16 string quartets and 9 symphonies (Anderson 1044). He is also known for the composition of other music, choral works and songs. Early Childhood Beethoven was born on the 16th of December, 1770 in Bonn and baptized the following day (Dalhaus & Whittall 6). His father was originally from Brabant, Belgium, but had moved to Bonn where he served as a musician at the local court. Despite his weakness for alcohol, Beethoven’s father was quite influential in shaping the music career of Beethoven as it was through him that young Beethoven was exposed to music. From an early age, Beethoven was taught music by Christiano Gottlob Neefe, a famous opera composer and conductor, and Johann van Beethoven who was his father. Johann envisioned creating a new kind of Mozart in his son and would train him every evening on returning from the court. As a teenager, Beethoven earned some...
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...1991). Heart rate is the number of heart beats per unit of time, typically expressed in beats per minute or bpm. The average heart rate at rest under normal conditions of adolescents and adults is 63.3 bpm ± 13.1 bpm, with variability of 3.2 bpm ± 2.1 (Leschka, 2006). Other factors also have an influence on the heart beat and heart rate such as the medulla of the brain of the hormone adrenaline. External stimuli or external factors also result in alterations of the heart rate. These include physical and emotional factors. One type of external stimuli that is shown to have effects on the heart rate is sound, specifically music. Music is currently being considered to be used as therapy for coronary conditions as well as on anxiety (Smolen et al, 2002). In addition, music is widely prevalent in the lives of adolescents. Teenagers in this day are age are exposed to music on a regular basis and a majority of adolescents living in the United States own mp3 or I-Pods (Epperson, 2011). Sound has been shown to have effects on the heart rate. The...
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