...Organizations as a system. A system is a whole made up of parts. Each part can affect the way other parts work and the way all parts work together will determine how well the system works. when can look at business organization as a system because it conforms to the system definition; it recognizes the interrelationships of people, processes, decisions and designs organizational structure in order to realize its projected economic goal. An organization with a good designed system will requires an understanding of how all the parts (for instance, HR department, production department, logistic department, finance department, sales department, marketing department, IT department …etc) fit together as a whole, an intimate understanding of the parts themselves for a better understanding of endogenous event and a full awareness of the organization’s environment including the other external systems to which it is connected to better prepare for exogenous changes. Some hypothetical problems that disrupt the balance of the an organization would be a coordination or communication issue between departments, for instance HR department not selecting adequate candidate for a specific job skill because it did not have all relevant information about the job, or for instance marketing department lunches a new product without integrating logistic department in the project which may cause delays of production and order fulfillment issues. Another issue that may disrupt the balance of the system is exogenous...
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...Environmental Management Information System Environmental Management System Goals and Progress q Construction of an Environmental Goals and Progress q To promote continuous Environmental Management Information System Environmental Management System of the Ricoh Group The Ricoh Group is a global entity that operates on an international scale. It respects the ISO 14001 environmental management system, which has received worldwide recognition, and is constructing an environmental management system that complies with this system. While horizontally expanding its know-how throughout the 21 production bases that have already obtained certification, the Ricoh Group is also planning to obtain ISO 14001 certification at its business bases. Plans and Achievements in Establishing an Environmental Management System for the Ricoh Group FY1994 FY1995 FY1996 FY1998~ IV III II Step I Pilot Approval Management meeting Leading model business site Environmental management system construction/certification Management Information System A system is being constructed, and is scheduled for completion by the end of fiscal 2000, to collect and provide information on environmental accounting, environmental improvement examples, laws and regulations, environment labels, and customers. q Construction of an Environmental Impact Information System An environmental impact information system for all copiers, facsimiles, and laser printers is to be constructed by the end of fiscal 2000...
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...A system is a set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole. Every system is delineated by its spatial and temporal boundaries, surrounded and influenced by its environment, described by its structure and purpose and expressed in its functioning. Fields that study the general properties of systems include systems science, systems theory, systems modeling, systems engineering, cybernetics, dynamical systems, thermodynamics, complex systems, system analysis and design and systems architecture. They investigate the abstract properties of systems' matter and organization, looking for concepts and principles that are independent of domain, substance, type, or temporal scale. Some systems share common characteristics, including: A system has structure, it contains parts (or components) that are directly or indirectly related to each other; A system has behavior; it exhibits processes that fulfill its function or purpose; A system has interconnectivity: the parts and processes are connected by structural and/or behavioral relationships; A system's structure and behavior may be decomposed via subsystems and sub-processes to elementary parts and process steps; A system has behavior that, in relativity to its surroundings, may be categorized as both fast and strong. The term system may also refer to a set of rules that governs structure and/or behavior. Alternatively, and usually in the context of complex social systems, the term institution is used...
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...Information System With the increase in technology driving down the costs of information systems, many businesses are choosing to rely solely on information technology (McCubbery, 2009). The development of information systems and the Internet have revolutionized business operations (DeLone & McLean, 2004). While it is possible to successfully operate a small business without information systems, it is easier and more cost effective to utilize the new technology. Information systems are comprised of two subsystems, each containing two components. The first is the technical system which is made up of technology and processes (McCubbery, 2009). The second is a social system made up of the structure and the people (McCubbery, 2009). The first part of the technical system is referred to by the text as “technology”. This is the hardware, software, and telecommunication equipment used to comprise the information system. This component is responsible for capturing, processing, storing, and distributing information. The process component of an information system is the set of steps or activities that are put into motion by an individual, group, or organization in order to accomplish a task (McCubbery, 2009). Processes will vary from business to business and there can even be more than one process to complete the same tasks since businesses are constantly changing. The first part of the social system is the people. The term “people” refers to all of those that are directly involved...
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...Organizations as Systems A system is a collection of parts (or subsystems) integrated to accomplish an overall goal (a system of people is an organization). Systems have input, processes, outputs and outcomes, with ongoing feedback among these various parts. If one part of the system is removed, the nature of the system is changed. Systems range from very simple to very complex. There are numerous types of systems. For example, there are biological systems (the heart, etc.), mechanical systems (thermostat, etc.), human/mechanical systems (riding a bicycle, etc.), ecological systems (predator/prey, etc.), and social systems (groups, supply and demand, friendship, etc.). Complex systems, such as social systems, are comprised of numerous subsystems, as well. These subsystems are arranged in hierarchies, and integrated to accomplish the overall goal of the overall system. Each subsystem has its own boundaries of sorts, and includes various inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes geared to accomplish an overall goal for the subsystem. A pile of sand is not a system. If one removes a sand particle, you've still got a pile of sand. However, a functioning car is a system. Remove the carburetor and you've no longer got a working car. It is important to look at organizations as systems because the effect of this systems theory in management is that writers, educators, consultants, etc. are helping managers to look at organizations from a broader perspective. Systems theory has brought...
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...Distributed System and Centralized Failures By Kentrell Lanier POS/355 March 28, 2014 Paul Borkowski Distributed System and Centralized System Failures Distributed system is many computers linked together that take on different tasks and act like one big computer. Distributed system is found in business across the world. When computers are linked together they share the same database and server. Distributed system is constructed for resource sharing, computation speedup, reliability, and communication Distributed system have different names for the computers in the system. Names such as sites, nodes, computers, machines, and host. Each names goes to a computer that’s part of the system. Resource sharing is when computers link up and they have different data any user can use the data form any computer in the system. Computation speedup is when the system recognize that one computer is over worked so the system have computers that’s have less duties to perform the tasks. Computation speedup help the system from crashing and tasks are preformed quicker. Distributed systems are more reliable because if one computer crash or fail the others can share its responsibilities and system will continue running smoothly. By computers being link together the users can communicate between each other. Two Types of failure When dealing with computers there are two types of failures. You can have a hard drive failure or a software failure. A hard drive failure is when the disk drive fails to...
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...2015 Balancing The Justice System Ministry of Justice and Solicitor General This page is intentionally blank. Introduction The justice system is under increasing pressure from several sources. We are faced with a unique opportunity in responding to that pressure. We can continue to respond as individual program areas and Divisions within the Ministry, focused on the narrow legislative and constitutional sources of our respective authority and duties, or we can create a new framework and process that will bring a systematic and integrated approach to the administration of justice, and balance to the allocation of resources within that system. Such an approach would be centered on the Ministry Vision - to create the most innovative “The mission of the Ministry of and accessible citizen-centred justice system in Canada. Justice and Solicitor General is to ensure Albertans have safe The historical development of the role of the Attorney General communities and an accessible, and Justice Department illustrate the ad hoc development of effective and innovative justice the justice system. From its inception in 1905, the scope of the system. We accomplish this by both the office of the Attorney General and the Justice working with partners to provide a Department have evolved over time as new duties and continuum of services to support responsibilities have been added. This expansion has not been Albertans and the Government of planned or coordinated...
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...Organizations with functional and hierarchical structure may operate within a closed mechanistic structure with top-down management. Organizations striving to create relevance and competitive advantages may adopt more adaptive, flexible, interdependence and open management strategies. Organizational systems vary and can be simple or complicated; complex or chaotic; and linear or nonlinear. System dynamics in its broadest sense seeks to provide information and knowledge of how relationships influence the behavior of the system (parts and whole) over time. Designing, and managing systems in an ever-changing environment can present leaders with challenges as well as opportunities. Ackoff and Gharajedaghi (1996) defined a system as “a whole defined by one or more functions, which consists of two or more essential parts” (p.13). Systems Theory, Systems Analysis and Systems Thinking examines input, processes, outputs and outcomes, with ongoing feedback. Social systems (groups, supply and demand, friendship, etc.) range from very simple to very complex. Complex systems, are comprised of numerous subsystems are arranged in hierarchies, and integrated to accomplish the overall goal of the overall system. Internal dynamics and effectiveness The structure of an organization macro (focus on larger social structural challenges) or micro (focus on everyday challenges) can have a direct effect on company productivity and effectiveness. Kilduff and Brass (2010) suggest at the macro level can consist...
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...Running Head: Systems Thinking 1 Systems Thinking Management Process Systems Thinking 2 Table of Contents Introduction to Systems Thinking Reflections on readings Applying SIMILAR to an area needing improvement Conclusions Systems Thinking 3 Systems thinking is a very new concept to me. It is an outstanding approach with a global view of the entire system and not viewing each department as a separate entity thus preventing the siloed effect. First and foremost, I think it is critical to define just exactly what constitutes a system. According the Dr. Deming’s book, a system is defined as “a series of functions or activities within and organization that work together for the aim of the organization” (Latzko, 1995, p. 35). I at first struggled with the systems concept. Using this approach all components of the system gain and not at a cost to another. With that definition in mind we can apply this thinking to any organization or process. I love the analogy Dr. Deming used by looking at an orchestra as a perfect system. My translation of this analogy is that the sum is greater than the parts. The combined efforts of each member of the orchestra are an outstanding product, beautiful music, regardless of the instrument played. All the orchestra members have the same common purpose (Dr. Deming’s 1st point for management). Thus, providing...
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...COLLECTED VIEWS ON COMPLEXITY IN SYSTEMS JOSEPH M. SUSSMAN JR East Professor Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts April 30, 2002 The term “complexity” is used in many different ways in the systems domain. The different uses of this term may depend upon the kind of system being characterized, or perhaps the disciplinary perspective being brought to bear. The purpose of this paper is to gather and organize different views of complexity, as espoused by different authors. The purpose of the paper is not to make judgments among various complexity definitions, but rather to draw together the richness of various intellectual perspectives about this concept, in order to understand better how complexity relates to the concept of engineering systems. I have either quoted directly or done my best to properly paraphrase these ideas, apologizing for when I have done so incorrectly or in a misleading fashion. I hope that this paper will be useful as we begin to think through the field of engineering systems. The paper concludes with some “short takes” -- pungent observations on complexity by various scholars -- and some overarching questions for subsequent discussion. AUTHOR A THEORY OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS Edward O. Wilson Herbert Simon SOURCE Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge “The Architecture of Complexity”, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 106, No. 6, December...
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...dynamic process. Marx and Darwin used this theory in their work. System theory (as we know it) was used by L. von Bertalanffy, a biologist, as the basis for the field of study known as ‘general system theory’, a multidisciplinary field (1968). Some influences from the contingency approach can be found in system theory. Core Assumptions and Statements System theory is the transdisciplinary study of the abstract organization of phenomena, independent of their substance, type, or spatial or temporal scale of existence. It investigates both the principles common to all complex entities, and the (usually mathematical) models which can be used to describe them. A system can be said to consist of four things. The first is objects – the parts, elements, or variables within the system. These may be physical or abstract or both, depending on the nature of the system. Second, a system consists of attributes – the qualities or properties of the system and its objects. Third, a system had internal relationships among its objects. Fourth, systems exist in an environment. A system, then, is a set of things that affect one another within an environment and form a larger pattern that is different from any of the parts. The fundamental systems-interactive paradigm of organizational analysis features the continual stages of input, throughput (processing), and output, which demonstrate the concept of openness/closedness. A closed system does not interact with its environment. It does not take in...
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...include: sociotechnical system theory, quantitative management, organizational behavior, and system theory. The sociotechnical system theory is an approach to understanding the relationship between technology, individuals, organizations and society in work place design. "The sociotechnical systems approach says that a change in one part means there will have to be corresponding changes in other parts. “The sociotechnical systems approach says that a change in one part, means there will have to be a corresponding change in other parts. “The quantitative management approach involves the use of mathematical modeling to find the best solutions to problems. One important component of the quantitative management approach is an ability to objectively collect information about a problem and possible solutions to develop appropriate, and useful, mathematical models. Organizational behavior theory usually represents concepts that help a company create better management practices. Concepts such as leadership, decision making, team building, motivation, and job satisfaction are all facets of organizational behavior and responsibilities of management. Systems theory is a broad perspective that allows managers to examine patterns and events in the workplace. This helps managers to coordinate programs to work as a collective whole for the overall goal or mission of the organization rather than for isolated departments. Define “open systems” • An open system is a system that regularly exchanges...
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...Introduction to Information Systems There is a structure that comes with information systems, ones that will be beneficial to our workers and to us as business owners. I will cover both that I feel will be the most applicable to our record store. I feel that we need multiple systems that will benefit us with accessibility and understanding of the systems, The transaction processing system is the bottom part of the structure to use for the employees because it has many different unique uses. The TPS can collect, store, modify, and retrieve the transactions of an organization. It stores data in certain files that are able to be seen only by select individuals. There will be worker files only accessible by employees as well as manager and CEO files that only we can access. It offers many other useful tools such as rapid processing, batch processing, and real time processing. Management information systems are above the transaction processing system. These systems don’t deal with the day to day data in needing and operating our record store such as the TPS. The MIS provides information that is needed to organize and manage organizations efficiently and effectively. MIS involve three primary resources: people, technology and decision making. The systems main purpose is to analyze operational activities in the organization. It can show if our plans our reaching out goals and allows our managers to supervise over the TPS. I feel this next one isn’t going to be needed...
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...Information systems From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Information system (IS) is the study of complementary networks of hardware and software (see information technology) that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create and distribute data.[1][2][3] Information Systems encompasses a variety of disciplines such as: the analysis and design of systems, computer networking, information security, database management, and decision support systems. Information Management deals with the practical and theoretical problems of collecting and analyzing information in a business function area including business productivity tools, applications programming and implementation, electronic commerce, digital media production, data mining, and decision support. Communications and Networking deals with the telecommunication technologies. Information Systems bridges business and computer science using the theoretical foundations of information and computation to study various business models and related algorithmic processes within a computer science discipline.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Computer information system(s) (CIS) is a field studying computers and algorithmic processes, including their principles, their software and hardware designs, their applications, and their impact on society[15][16][17] while IS emphasizes functionality over design.[18] Any specific information system aims to support operations, management and decision making.[19] In a broad...
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...Inventory System Background of the Study Effective inventory management is an important part of a manager’s job. Managers are tasked to make consistent, reliable, and timely decisions under the challenges of uncertainty, pressure, and lack of information. It is often that managers do not have enough time or information to make a perfect decision but they are forced to solve problems using resources within their control. Effective inventory control requires managers to ensure inventories of the right items in the correct quantities. When an organization overstocks, money is wasted since procuring, storing, and accounting for unneeded items require time, space, and money which could have been used on more critical assets. Likewise, when understocking occurs the organization will more likely to only partly meet their mission or possibly not meet the mission at all. Also, a weak inventory control system is more prone to errors and fraud. Statement of the Problem 1. How can our system generate quality use for the user? 2. Is our proposed system effective in processing needed reports? 3. How can our system guarantee the safety of the information stored? 4. How can our system reduce servile works for the staff involved in the type of field of work? Objectives of the Study This study tries to improve, introduce, and develop the use of inventory system for the ASIA GOLD CORPORATION. The system reduces work for the staff can make inputting of data at easier and faster generating...
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