...Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Abstract Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic rheumatic autoimmune disease that affects multiple organ systems. The exact cause or causes of (SLE) is unknown, however genetic factors, gender, ethnic origin, and environmental factors have all been implicated in its development. Earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment options have significantly improved survival rates and life quality. Medical and pharmacologic treatment is usually tailored to the specific symptoms or organ systems that are involved due to its unpredictability and range of manifestations. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus affects primarily women of childbearing age and mostly in Asian, African American, and Hispanic populations. Treatment options include steroids, antimalarial drugs, and immunosuppressive agents. This overview will examine the etiology and effects of Lupus, how it impacts fertility and pregnancy in women, and life quality and expectancy. Various treatment options and alternative treatment methods will be discussed; considerations for employment and rehabilitation will be reviewed, as well as the future of therapeutic approaches. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Introduction The name “Lupus” is Latin for wolf and may have first been used to describe the lesions that resembled the bite marks and scratches made by a wolf's attack. The term “Lupus Erythematosus” was first introduced by physicians in the nineteenth century to describe skin lesions...
Words: 5355 - Pages: 22
...Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune disease that can damage any part of the body such as the joints, skin, or even organs. Paediatric-onset SLE accounts for about 10–20% of all patients with SLE (Malattia, 2013). Being a chronic disease, the signs and symptoms may last more than six weeks but a majority of the time they last for years or even a lifetime. In addition, SLE can affect any demographic but for this study we will focus on adolescents from birth to age 18 because, as said by Morgan, children present with a more severe illness, more aggressive disease course with higher disease activity over time greater burden of steroid and immunosuppressive therapies (2013). Currently, there is no cure for SLE. However...
Words: 314 - Pages: 2
...Ethnographic research: oral interview 4-5 pages double spaced An ethnography is a long term investigation of a group (often a culture) that is based on immersion in and, optimally, participation in that group. Ethnography provides a detailed exploration of group activity and may include the collection of historical information and in-person interviews of members of the group. It is an approach which employs multiple methodologies to arrive at a theoretically comprehensive understanding of a group or culture. Ethnography attempts to explain the web of interdependence of group behaviors and interactions. In this assignment, you will interview a disabled or chronically ill person and make observations about the person based on your understanding of what it means to be a member of this social category. Remember that disability and chronic illness include both visible and invisible elements, and that there is great variation in age, class, ethnicity, and gender identity. You may also interview the parent of a child with a disability as long as the parent can speak on behalf of the child’s social experience or experience in society. You will use your knowledge of course concepts related to disability identity and group belonging. The interview can take place in person or, if absolutely necessary, over Skype, but not on the phone. It is important that you read facial expressions and have a sense of the respondent’s non-verbal communication. You should find out as much as you can...
Words: 663 - Pages: 3
...family. I will discuss the social, financial and personal effects that has incurred with this patient. I will also discuss how the patient learned about her disease, educational experience, and motivators the patient used in learning about her disease. (Towner & Inter-mountain Healthcare,Utah,USA, 2008). Sonya D is middle aged African American woman whom had a career as a super model; until she was diagnosed with Lupus. A married woman and mother of a teenager, she enjoyed walking and spending family time with her spouse and daughter. Patient is not obese, non-smoker and non-alcoholic. She had been extremely tired and in bed a lot. She noticed her extremities going numb and went to the doctor for a physical, not expecting to hear the diagnosis of Lupus. Lupus is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system produces antibodies to cells within the body. This leads to widespread inflammation and tissue damage. Researchers believe it is linked to genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. Lupus may be characterized by periods of illness and remissions. Lupus has a variety of clinical manifestations and can affect joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, and blood...
Words: 1149 - Pages: 5
... Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of the female upper reproductive tract that primarily affects sexually active women ages 15 to 29 in the United States (Ashear, Gonzalez, Wilcha, & Covino, 2017). “More than eight hundred thousand women get a diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease annually in the United States” (Sabb Gul, Albati, Ismaeel Badr, Alfaraj, Almatrafi, Banoun, Hassan Maki, Bagdood, & AlJuhani, 2018). Although pelvic inflammatory disease is rather simple to treat, it can be hard to diagnose and can potentially lead to many long-term complications. Therefore, women should understand the signs and symptoms as well diagnostic tests, treatment options, and methods of prevention. “Pelvic inflammatory disease rarely affects women with no sexual activity, and thus is considered a sexually transmitted infection” (Sabb Gul et al., 2018). It is most commonly caused by sexually transmitted bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ashear et al., 2017). Although those are the most common bacteria that play a large role in causing pelvic inflammatory disease, there are several other bacteria that are known to be the culprits including Escherichia coli, staphylococci, group B streptococci, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. The bacteria travel from the vagina through the cervix into the uterus where it may linger for a while; however, it is more likely to continue to travel up into the fallopian tubes and potentially spread to the...
Words: 629 - Pages: 3
...live with Lupus and more than 16,000 new cases are reported across the country each year (LUPUS Foundation of America; 2011). Lupus is an autoimmune disease that is chronic and can cause damage to any part of the body. The body’s immune system produces proteins referred to as antibodies. These antibodies help to provide protection for the body from invaders. Our immune system cannot tell the difference between these foreign invaders and our body’s healthy tissues; therefore autoantibodies attack and ultimately destroy healthy tissues, which is known as autoimmune or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (LUPUS Foundation of America; 2011). Inflammation, pain, and damage to other various parts of the body are due to these autoantibodies. The causes of SLE are genes, environment, and genetic factors. Even though researchers and scientists are unsure of just how genetic factors may alter or affect the immune system; researchers estimate that 20 - 100 different genetic factors may make a person susceptible to SLE (The New York Times; 2011). Environmental triggers can set off a flare of this disease. Environmental triggers can be ultraviolet rays from either the sun and/or fluorescent light bulbs, sulfa drugs that causes more sensitivity to the sun, penicillin and other antibiotic drugs, an infection, a cold and/or a viral illness, exhaustion, an injury, emotional stress and anything that causes stress to the body (LUPUS Foundation...
Words: 982 - Pages: 4
...Hematology - CKD M’Lyn Spinks Combating anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) with erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) has been shown to improve both mental and physical factors (Iranian, 2013). Erythropoietin (EPO) is a protein hormone produced by the kidney that binds with receptors in the bone marrow and stimulates erythrocyte production (Munk, 2013). Perceptions of quality of life, cognition, sexual function, symptoms of depression and socialization are all scored higher in patients with Hb levels in near-normal range (Iranian, 2013). While the most common physical symptoms of anemia in CKD improve with ESA treatment, it is also been shown to positively effect the more severe consequences (Iranian, 2013). Improvement in cardiac function has been noted in patients diagnosed with left ventricular hypertrophy and congestive heart failure (Iran, 2013) as well as stabilized renal function in non-dialysis patients (Iranian, 2013). Treatment of anemia in CKD patients is also attributed to reducing lengths of hospital stays and decreasing mortality rates (Iranian, 2013). While the benefits of ESA’s in combating the symptoms and consequences of anemia in CKD are indisputable, there is a wide range of treatment regimens, inconsistent parameters for treatment, and increased risk of stroke and morbidity in the pediatric population (Bamgbola, 2011). Regimens have been reported that are up to 30% different in dose and results show wide variations in patient response (Bamgbola...
Words: 445 - Pages: 2
...[Name] [Professor] [Subject] [Date] How to save American colleges? One of the good thing about this article is that author has provided a thought provoking piece to the readers in the sense of mentioning details and sharing survey findings. Quoting the relevant executives along with mentioning surveys like Gallup-Purdue Index, writer keeps a flow of information that keeps generating interest. Latter he includes the reasons of spearheading survey findings by President of Purdue University who argues with logic and facts and provides sufficient data to support his position by giving economic tutorials. Article becomes theoretically boring as the writer starts talking about the corporate board and contingency planning for dealing financial challenges on part of educational institutes. For a reader outside the educational infrastructure, these challenges of finances are out of the box. They remain un-understandable. Although article ends up balancing with mentioning drawbacks of such detail insight as advocate faces critiques in response to his ideas. I like few interesting features of the article especially when writer talks about growth of students in the sense of measuring their learning process. He explains areas of critical thinking and writing to check and compare their learning growth from freshman year till commencement. He further exerts on his point by mentioning an earlier 2005 report which assures the same stance that four-year college graduates could not compare...
Words: 333 - Pages: 2
...Lupus Erythematous: The Butterfly Effect Lupus erythematosus (LE) first originated in 1833 by many physicians throughout the historical periods of; the classical period, the neoclassical period, and the modern period. During the classical period of the 1800s, lupus was first coined. It comes from the Latin word ‘wolf’ that attributed to the thirteenth century by physician Rogerius who used the word to describe erosive facial lesions that manifested from a wolf’s bite (Lupus Foundation of America, n.d.). In the neoclassical period of the 1900s, scientists discovered that there are many sub forms of lupus, the most common type known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE has many other forms of names such as discoid and disseminated lupus....
Words: 1366 - Pages: 6
...Medal for Literature, the Gold Medal for Poetry from the National Institute of Arts and Letters, the Pulitzer Prize, the Bollingen Prize, and the National Book Award. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship, taught briefly at Harvard, and served as Consultant in Poetry for the Library of Congress from 1950 to 1952. He was also largely responsible for establishing Emily Dickinson's reputation as a mayo SWAG SWAG SWAG THIS IS NOT MINE AND I DO NOT TAKE CREDIT FOR THAT. Flannery O’connor Writer. Born on March 25, 1925, in Savannah, Georgia. Flannery O'Connor is considered to be one of the greatest short story writers of the twentieth century. She faced some hardships growing up, losing her father as a teenager. He died of systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease. Early on Flannery O'Connor demonstrated her literary talents as a writer for school publications. Studying at what is now the University of Iowa for a master's degree, O'Connor got her first story published "The Geranium" in 1946. She also had begun what was to be first novel, Wise Blood (1952). After graduating in 1947, Flannery O'Connor pursued her...
Words: 710 - Pages: 3
...Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex disease that can affect many body systems. “Lupus is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that can affect many parts of your body, including your skin, joints, kidneys, blood cells, heart and lungs” (Mayo Clinic, 2004, p.1). The diagnosis of Lupus evokes many questions and concerns in the patient. Educating patients is a major responsibility of nurses; therefore, the nurse should be knowledgeable in answering these questions. The nurse should be knowledgeable in answering these questions as educating patients is a major responsibility of nurses. Each patient is different; therefore, the education method should be individualized. You must take into consideration the patient’s motivation to learn and also the patient’s learning style. Motivation (or readiness) to learn must be determined in the early stages of developing a teaching plan. The more motivated the patient is to learn, the more cooperative and attentive they will be during the implementation of the teaching plan. Patients who participate in their own care are more likely to retain the information presented to them. When assessing the motivation of the patient, consider if the patient has asked questions about his or her condition. Asking questions shows that the patient has a desire or motivation to learn more about his or her condition. Does the patient appear interested in learning more about his or her disease? Has the patient accepted the diagnosis or is he or...
Words: 1405 - Pages: 6
...Lupus is one of many disorders of the immune system. Like lupus and other autoimmune diseases, causes the immune system to turn against body parts it is designated to protect, causing inflammation and damage to various body organs. Some of the parts that can be affected include the joints, kidneys, skin, heart, lungs, brain, and blood vessels. People with lupus disease must understand and learn how to avoid flares and how to deal with it. According to various research and studies, lupus is more common in women and can run in families. I would like to take a moment to talk to you about my husband. For years he suffered from headaches, joint pains and inflammation. Two years ago his family doctor sending to have an antinuclear antibody...
Words: 554 - Pages: 3
...most puzzling diseases due to its overlapping characteristics. These overlapping characteristics include the diseases systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, and polymyositis (http://lup.sagepub.com/content/15/3/132.short). Though the disease is somewhat unknown and presumably hereditary, the uncovered cause and criteria for diagnosis is linked through like antibodies and antigens (http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM197611182952101). MCTD affects numerous body systems i.e. skeletal, muscular, skeletal, digestive, and nervous (https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Mixed_Connective_Tissue_Disease). Treatment for this disease is patient specific depending on the severity of each case; while the medications prescribed are ailment specific, creating a huge risk of developing side effects due to contraindications and normal use. In diagnosing these side effects, one must first explore the history of MCTD. What is Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)? In 1972 (Venables) Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) was first recognized for its overlapping features by its like or “mixed” similarities noticed in patients presenting with signs and symptoms of three autoimmune connective tissue diseases. The like featured diseases that make up Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) are systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (an autoimmune disease where healthy tissue is mistakenly attacked by the body’s immune system), systemic sclerosis (characterized...
Words: 702 - Pages: 3
...Mairead Corrigan was born on January 27, 1944, in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her father, Andrew Corrigan, was a window cleaning temporary worker while her mother was a housewife (Encyclopedia of World Biography). Corrigan went to a Catholic schools however at the age of fourteen she needed to drop out since her family could not bear the cost of her educational (Nobelprize.org). At the age of 16 Corrigan accepted a position as a secretary, she worked as a secretary for the following two decades (Encyclopedia of World Biography). For a year she went to a business college, Miss Gordon's Business School. Eventually Corrigan worked her way up in the secretarial field, and by the mid-1970s she had gotten a position as a classified secretary to an overseeing chief at the Guinness bottling works (Encyclopedia of World Biography). Later on in her life Corrigan later composed the primary real exhibits against viciousness amongst Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland(Encyclopedia of World Biography). In 1976 Corrigan was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize because of the organization she is apart of and her passion for maintaining and bringing peace. Corrigan continued to work through the association known as the Peace Individuals, representing human rights the world over - hazardous work made her be expelled from both Israel and Egypt in the vicinity of 2010 and 2014 (Encyclopedia of World Biography). The association Mairead Corrigan established despite the underlying challenges in Northern...
Words: 553 - Pages: 3
...contact with someone who has Systemic Lupus Erythematosus whether it was a family member or just an acquaintance. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is considered to be a complex disease, and the cause is idiopathic. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a chronic disease where symptoms can worsen and alternate depending on the condition of the patient’s body. In addition, researchers are constantly investigating the cause, diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Although (SLE) cannot be cured patients can still live a normal life. Thus, this research will explore Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and answer the following questions: 1. What is the cause of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? 2. What is the diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? 3. What are the symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? 4. What is the treatment for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? Hence, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus disease can never be cured it can become well maintained if the patient chooses to live a healthy lifestyle. What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? What is the Cause of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? There is no exact cause of Systemic Lupus...
Words: 1048 - Pages: 5
