...of money local citizens do spend on this type of specialty candy. Bob randomly selects several people from his local phone book and asks the person that answers how much money they typically spend per year on candy like he will make. He obtains the following results (in dollars): 75, 74, 80, 68, 79, 85, 77, 82, 79, 67, 90, 72, 76, 75, 69, 85, 78, 79, 82, 66, 75, 85, 90, 76, 85, 67, 89, 82, 69, 79, 82, 80, 84, 79, 78, 81, 77, 84, 80, 76. Based upon these results, Bob is hoping his area has a good customer base for his new business. Bob also hopes the bank is impressed with his use of statistics and will grant him the loan he needs to start it! Questions: 1. What is an appropriate set of hypothesis for Bob to test? 2. Is a z- or t-value test appropriate for this situation? Why? 3. Perform an appropriate hypothesis test, showing all critical steps. 4. Do you support Bob’s claim that citizens in his area spend more than $75 per year? Explain why or why not. 5. Find a 95% confidence interval for the true mean amount that citizens spend per year. 6. What do you think the...
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...money local citizens do spend on this type of specialty candy. Bob randomly selects several people from his local phone book and asks the person that answers how much money they typically spend per year on candy like he will make. He obtains the following results (in dollars): 75, 74, 80, 68, 79, 85, 77, 82, 79, 67, 90, 72, 76, 75, 69, 85, 78, 79, 82, 66, 75, 85, 90, 76, 85, 67, 89, 82, 69, 79, 82, 80, 84, 79, 78, 81, 77, 84, 80, 76. Based upon these results, Bob is hoping his area has a good customer base for his new business. Bob also hopes the bank is impressed with his use of statistics and will grant him the loan he needs to start it! Questions: 1. What is an appropriate set of hypothesis for Bob to test? 2. Is a z- or t-value test appropriate for this situation? Why? 3. Perform an appropriate hypothesis test, showing all critical steps. 4. Do you support Bob’s claim that citizens in his area spend more than $75 per year? Explain why or why not. 5. Find a 95% confidence interval for the true mean amount that citizens spend per year. 6. What...
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...一、第九章 操作：analyze→one sample T test→T value＝100 1) H0: μ = 100 H1: μ≠100 2) one-sample test表格抄下来 = 0.05，n = 25, df = 25-1=24 3) confidence level of 95%: lower≤X±tα2Sn≤upper 4) is unknown, so use a t statistic: tSTAT=X-μSn=2.140 5) P-value=sig= >0.05 Decision: Do not reject H0 6) Conclusion: insufficient evidence that true mean cost is different than $168. 二、第十章 操作：independent sample→t test→①Local 检验变量 ②Chain(1,2) 拆分变量 ①H0: σ12＝σ22 H1:σ12≠σ22 ②FSTAT=S12S22=0.01 sig=0.980＞0.05 Decision: Do not reject H0 Conclusion: the σ2 are equal. 1）H0:μ1 = μ2；H1:μ1 ≠ μ2 2）two-tail test表格抄下来 = 0.05 df =21+25 - 2 = 44 critical values: t=± 2.0154 即p-value (查书本表格得) 3）test statistic: t=X1-X2-(μ1-μ2)Sp2(1n21+1n2)=2.040(表格中t) 4)p-value(表格中sig)=0.12>0.05 Decision: do not Reject H0 Confidence level of 95%: lower≤X±tα2Sp21n1+1n2≤upper 6)Conclusion: There is evidence of a difference in means. 三：单因素方差分析： 操作：one-way ANOVA Dependent list: distance 检验变量 Factor: club(标有1,2,3) 拆分变量 1. H0: μ1 = μ2 = μ3；H1: μj not all equal 2.抄写ANOVA表格 = 0.05，df1= 2，df2 = 12 Confidence level of 95%:lower≤X±tα2Sn≤upper FSTAT=MSAMAW=Mean aquare(between)Mean square(within)= p-value(sig)= >0.05 Decision: do not Reject H0 6)Conclusion: There is evidence of a difference in means??? 四：12章： 操作：analyze—regression—linear regression Dependent: house price Individual: square feet Save:predicted value √unstandardized Prediction intervals √individual 1) H0: ρ = 0,H1: ρ ≠ 0 2) model summary 抄下来...
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...7a) Width of the confidence interval=0.8349-0.6651=0.1698 (2x1.96)((0.75)(1-0.75)/n)^1/2=0.1698 n=100 7b) (2z) )((0.75)(1-0.75)/100)^1/2=0.1299 Z=1.499955 P(z<1.50)=0.9332 So the new confidence level is 93.32% 8a) Yes, the manufacturer should assume that the average would be 21714 miles driven. It is because the sample mean(21714miles) is usually equal to the population mean. Sample mean is the unbiased estimator of the population mean, so it is appropriate to use it to do further statistical analysis to check every leased car. 8b) Yes, it can choose a confidence level and construct a confidence interval for the average number of miles driven per year. Then the result times $0.3, it will become the confidence interval for the average earning per car. So, the manufacturer can the claim. If $6500 is in between the interval, the claim may be true. 8c) Yes, it is satisfied. There are sample mean(21714miles), standard deviation(2352miles) and the sample size(150). 8d) Yes it does have some concerns. For example, the sample may be chosen from some business which provides services highly relying on car travel, such as delivery services. So, these samples must have a higher averaged miles. As a result, the sample may not representative enough. 8e)Yes, he can. First he constructs a confidence interval for the average number of miles driven per year. Then the result times $0.3, it will become the confidence interval...
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...2014 Randall Stephenson and AT&T Randall Stephenson and AT&T The beginning history of AT&T consists largely of the invention of the telephone in 1875 by Alexander Graham Bell. Progressing into the 19th century, AT&T became the umbrella company over the Bell System, or better known by some as, the American Telephone Monopoly. There’s no argument that the Bell System was the best telephone service in the world and by 1969 ninety percent of households in the United States had home phone service. Yet in the background to providing home phone service AT&T was also hard at work in continued development or forecasting for the future. From the early 1900’s to the mid 1970’s new advancements of communication technologies were taking place in AT&T’s Bell Laboratories subsidiary. These innovations included alternatives to copper wires such as microwave relay systems and commercial communications satellites for international communications. However, like all behemoths, a fall was inevitable. The changes in telecommunications over the years led to an antitrust suit by the U.S.Goverment against AT&T. This began in 1974 and settled in 1982 with agreement that AT&T would divest itself into a new AT&T and seven regional Bell operating companies. This was believed to enhance entry for competition. Which in fact, it did, as many new companies began to emerge. But what it also did was create the most elaborate change in...
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...Customer Information Strategy Convergys Case 1. Convergys, a leader in contract-based business process outsourcing services, has been successful in acquiring high-profile customers (e.g. Verizon, FedEx & Starbucks, among others) across a wide variety of industries. Despite Convergys’ impressive customer list, the company has seen its operating margin decrease about 20% over the past 5 years. Key decision makers within the company believe that this decline is due, at least in part, to issues relating to client retention and acquisition strategies. At present, Convergys classifies its customer accounts into 3 tiers: A, B & C. “A” customers are considered to be of highest value, followed by “B” and “C” customers. Although the idea of internally segmenting customers to most effectively allocate company resources (to maximize profit) is sound, the segmentation strategy ought to be well designed and it must incorporate metrics that reflect specific attributes of the industries being served, while at the same time aligning with Convergys’ overall philosophy and business objectives (such as growth, for example). As evidenced by the continuous decline in Convergys’ operating margins over the past 5 years, contrasted with the high quality service it provides and the growth of the specific companies and industries it services, it is apparent that Convergys’ approach to growth is not particularly effective. In this case analysis, we will provide recommendations on strategies Convergys...
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...Nt1330 Service Provider Types RBOCS Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCS) was formed in 1984 due to the breakup of AT&T based on a restructure agreement. RBOCs were organized into seven regional Bell holding companies called Ameritech, Bell Atlantic, Bell South, Nynex, Pacific Telesis, Southwestern Bell, and US West. The BOCs were given the right to provide local phone service while AT&T was allowed to retain its long-distance service. RBOCs are progressively making available new telephone carrier technologies such as ISDN and DSL. (Margaret Rouse, 2008) LECS & ILECs Local exchange carriers (LECs) are separated into mandatory LECs (ILECs) and competitive LECs (CLECs).These carriers use the public switched telephone network system for accessing consumers. Unbundling the network helps to create the ability for CLECs to compete with ILECs. This is discussed as local-loop unbundling (LLU or LLUB). MSO Multiple system operators (MSO) are operators of multiple cable television systems. The majority of system operators run cable systems in more than one community. Cable companies offer and promote television services to consumers using radio frequency over HFC hybrid fiber copper and radio frequency over glass networks. ISP ISP is an internet service provider company the offers access to the Internet. An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that an access ISP connects a consumer to the Internet using copper or fiber-optic cables, or through a wireless...
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...Brenda Deni NT1310: Physical Networking Unit 2 Assignment 1 3/30/2014 Service Provider Types * RBOCS: Regional Bell Operating Company Service * Regional Bell operating company (RBOC) is a term describing one of the U.S. regional telephone companies (or their successors) that were created as a result of the breakup of American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T, known also as the Bell System or "Ma Bell") by a U.S. Federal Court consent decree on December 31, 1983. The seven original regional Bell operating companies were Ameritech, Bell Atlantic, BellSouth, NYNEX, Pacific Bell, Southwestern Bell, and US WEST. It is important in telecommunications because RBOCs are generally in competition for digital data and Internet traffic with wireless service providers and cable TV companies. RBOCs are gradually making available new telephone carrier technologies such as ISDN and DSL. * ILEC: Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier * Is a local telephone company in the United States that was in existence at the time of the breakup of AT&T into the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs), also known as the "Baby Bells." The ILEC is the former Bell System or Independent Telephone Company responsible for providing local telephone exchange services in a specified geographic area. ILECs compete with competitive local exchange carriers (CLEC). When referring to the technical communities ILEC is often used just to mean a telephone provider. * CLEC: Competitive...
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...companies and the consumers. With the information from market analysts, alongside the opinions of many involved, the fact of the matter is that there is an impact on every decision made within this mobile market, which will affect the United States in the long run . As we can tell by the history of the rise and fall of cell phone competition in the United States, we started out with numbers of telephone companies, maintaining a healthy competition. However as time passed by, especially in the case of the original AT&T, it all ended up with one company eating up the rest, achieving absolute control over the market. In this particular instance, the original AT&T was forced to split into seven “Baby Bells,” by the United States Department of Justice in a long-running antitrust suit. While this stimulated a growth in competition and awareness of possibilities within the industry, all but one “Baby Bell,” Bell Atlantic, merged together to recreate the behemoth that was AT&T. Luckily, Bell Atlantic grew to become Verizon Wireless, preserving a sense of competition in a vastly unsaturated mobile market. In the market of today, these four players reign supreme, and because of this they have the ability to affect the market as they...
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...will limit my discussion to what had been known as “phone service” and not broadcast entities (TV, radio, etc...) nor shall I dwell on the so-called Cable industry. The analysis shall also be primarily focused on the domestic market. Throughout the world, historically the communication industry has overwhelmingly been a monopoly. This was also true in the United States. As AT&T evolved from the late 19th century, except for a year as a nationalized company, existed as a national monopoly. In the so- called Progressive era of the 1910’s, the idea that a natural monopoly would be more efficient and economical than competing systems took hold. The idea of universal service, with rural rates being lower than urban rates (price discrimination). While never a “true” monopoly, with its substantial market share, and restrictions on connecting non-Western Electric equipment to its network, AT&T operated as one. The barriers to entry were primarily economic, the expensive right-of-way access and materials for wired connectivity being first among them. The restriction of un approved devices not being allowed on the AT&T network, limited interconnecting between competitors as well as additional connection & maintenance fees contributed to its dominance. As a monopoly, there were limited phone styles, and little need for deep price reduction through economy of scale or innovation, though state commissions regulated rates. The upside of the additional revenue, Bell Laboratories had been able...
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...Eric Satchell NT1330 Service Provider Types Unit 2 Assignment 1 July 3, 2014 Comparing Service Providers There are a lot of companies providing services, but AT&T provided telephone communication to the public. AT&T monopolized the telecommunication industry until the United States took them to court for antitrust and won. AT&T was broken up into eleven smaller companies, call Baby Bells. One of the companies that derived from this law suit was the Regional Bell Operating Company or RBOC. RBOC was a term that described one of the US telephone companies that provided telephone, telegraph, and long distance to the consumers. RBOC is part of a local exchange carrier allowed to compete for business. RBOC services internet service which in turn dealt with digital data. The merging companies provided different types of service based on the Telecommunication Act of 1996. ILEC or incumbent local exchange carrier is a telephone company that provided local telephone communications before the ruling to break up the Ma Bell Company. The FCC ruled that the ILECs must provide other telecommunications service providers access to their equipment to be able to provide a better rate to the consumer. This ruling...
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...Brooke Elise Jones passed away in a tragic automobile accident, early morning on Wednesday, October 28th, 2015, in Dallas Texas; she was born in Rockford, Illinois, June 7th, 1993. Brooke attended Rockford East High School until her junior year. While there she was a member of the varsity swim team, her freshmen through junior year. At the end of her junior year she and her family moved to Roscoe Illinois, where she attended and graduated from Hononegah Community High School in May of 2011. Brooke always enjoyed working with children, so after graduating high school she got a job working as a Direct Support Professional, at a group home for mentally challenged children. The children she worked with ranged in age from 7 to 21 years old. Toward the end of the year, Brooke moved to live with her mother in Omaha, Nebraska. Shortly after she earned a position as an Assistant Teacher, working with 3 year olds, at Rosewood Children’s Academy. She also worked part-time as a swim instructor for children at the YMCA. After working at both of those jobs for a while, she was extremely fortunate to come across a job opportunity at a local, podiatrist office in Fremont, Nebraska. Brooke worked as the Front Desk Receptionist for about a year. She also worked as a part-time nanny for one of the neighbor kids on her days off. Right before Brooke turned 21, she took a vacation to Texas to celebrate her upcoming birthday with her best friend who was attending the University of North Texas...
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...Bell placed the first coast-to-coast call from New York City to San Francisco. 1929: Herbert Hoover is first president of the United States with a phone on his desk. 1957: Pagers were field tested in Allentown and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 1960: The first push button telephones are test-marketed in Findlay, Ohio. 1963: Hotline established between White House and Kremlin following the Cuban missile crisis 1968: 911 chosen as the United States emergency number. 1972: First e-mail message. 1984: First cellular phones come on the market. 1997: Verizon Communications (formerly Bell Atlantic) Merged with NYNEX 1997: AT&T Acquired Pacific Telesis 1998: AT&T Acquired SNET, the World Wide Web is born, The Internet connections were dial tone over phone lines. 1999: AT&T Acquired Ameritech 2000: Cell phones were able to access the Internet "Web Phone" combining the traditional telephone with an LCD touch-screen and a retractable keyboard, customers could surf the Internet, check e-mail, make phone calls and check voice mail over their cell phone. 2000: The "Thin Phone" integrates wireless Internet access with local wireless phone service, Verizon Communications (formerly Bell Atlantic) Acquired GTE, Quest Communications Acquired US West 2005: Verizon...
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...AT&T | When Information Systems Mislead | | Yondondo Stewart | | | Table of Contents Background…………………………………………………………Page 3 Leveling the Playing Field………………………………………….Page 3 Business Applications………………………………………………Page 4 Developed Applications…………………………………………….Page 5 Impact of MSOC……………………………………………………Page 8 Recommendation for the use of MSOC…………………………….Page 11 Bibliography………………………………………………………….Page 12 Background AT&T was once the parent company the Bell System. In 1984, Bell System was forced to divest there company into eight smaller companies, in reaction to the United States versus AT&T Anti-Trust suit. As a result of the separation and some misguided acquisitions, AT&T saw its value drop drastically. In 2005 Southwestern Bell Corp. (who had changed its name to SBC) purchased AT&T Corp. who in turn changed its name to AT&T Inc. AT&T Inc. is the largest provider of fixed telephony in the United States. They also provide broadband and subscription television services. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT&T) By the end of 2008, AT&T had discontinued and removed all of its pay telephones. With the decline in phone services, including traditional home phones, the company needed to develop new technologies. The company had to strategize a way back into the consumer’s residence. So, AT&T deployed a new media called U-Verse and extended its high-speed internet into rural areas. ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT&T) Leveling...
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...Telecommunications Tyson Gant ITT Technical Institute 1: Describe a local land line phone system based on the following Landline Telephone Components: a) Local loop is the physical link or circuit that connects from the demarcation point of the customer premises to the edge of the common carrier or telecommunications service provider's network. b) Central office is an office in a locality to which subscriber home and business lines are connected on what is called a local loop. c) The central office has switching equipment that can switch calls locally or to long-distance carrier phone offices. d) A local system is a central system of switches and other equipment that establishes connections between individual telephones. Also called switchboard. e) POP is a physical location, either part of the facilities of a telecommunications provider that the ISP rents or a separate location from the telecommunications provider, that houses servers, routers, ATM switches and digital/analog call aggregators. f) Long distance system is a system that provides connections between local exchanges in different geographic areas. g) Fixed lines are lines used for denoting or relating to telecommunications systems using cables laid across land, as opposed to cellular radio systems. 2: Define and describe the following Telecommunications Network Components: a. Cellular Telephones: a. The Network Voice Protocol (NVP) was a pioneering computer network...
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