...The Declaration of Independence stated many the many grievances of the colonists against King George Ⅲ. The impetus for these injustices was the French and Indian war. After the war, salutary neglect ended and the British began implementing laws to raise money which eventually spiraled into hate and distrust between the colonist and the crown. From 1754-1776 tensions rose until fighting broke out and the colonist eventually defeated the British army. The complaints against the king in the Declaration of Independence were valid because of taxation without representation, the Navigation Laws, and the Intolerable Acts. One of the first injustices levied against the colonist were the many taxes. Due to the high cost of the revolutionary war, parliament decided that it was the responsibility of the colonists to pay for one- third of the cost. The stamp and sugar acts were passed and tis led to such outrage that protesters chanted, “no taxation without representation,” throughout the colonies. The colonist felt that the taxes were unjust. As Benjamin...
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...From 1750 to 1783, the social experiences of American colonists irreversibly transformed. Paul Cuffe's petition to the government of Massachusetts led to the advent of the Massachusetts Constitution in 1780. This document signaled the freedom of all male citizens in the state of Massachusetts. Additionally, The Tory's Day of Judgment illustrates the violent division that erupted between the American colonists and the British loyalists during this era. As demonstrated in Abigail Adams' letter to her husband, the awareness of gender equality also shaped this revolutionary era. Undoubtedly, major changes and continuities emerged within the lives of American colonists. In 1780, Paul Cuffe petitioned the government of Massachusetts...
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...Paul Cuffe was born on January 17, 1759, during the French and Indian War, in Cuttyhunk Island, Massachusetts. He was one of the ten children born to Kofi Slocum, a freed slave, and Ruth Moses, a Native American of the Wampanoag tribe. Kofi anglicized his name to Cuffee. He was a skilled tradesman and in 1772, he died. Once his father died, Paul persuaded his brothers and sisters to take their father's first name as their surname. However, Paul signed his name by spelling Cuffe with only one e. As a young teenager, he built small boats and traded among the Massachusetts islands, as his father had done for many years. He shipped aboard a whaler owned by the prominent Rotch family, Quaker merchants and whalers of New Bedford. During the American Revolution, he served on a privateer and often participated in running...
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...an Act The Tea Act was a law passed by the Parliament on May 10 1773 that made it so the American colonists can only buy tea from British East India Company Tea because the company was going out of business and England decided they would help the company out. Britain lowered the price of the tea from the British East India Company Tea by so much that it was very inexpensive to colonists compared to everything else but the colonists were only able to buy from them. Most colonists viewed this as the “last straw” and were very irritated with the British. The colonists take this new act as more taxation without representation and this lead to The Boston Tea Party. The Tea Act is disliked by many colonist. Some colonists may even be thinking about ending all this taxation without...
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...OUTLINE CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION A. Introductory Statement B. Statement of the Problem C. Significance of the Study D. Theoretical Framework E. Scope and Limitation F. Review of Related Literature CHAPTER TWO: JOHN RAWLS PHILOSOPHY A. Biography of John Rawls CHAPTER THREE: PHILIPPINE TAXATION A. Concept of Taxation B. Nature of Taxation and Its purpose C. Concept of Income Taxation D. Purpose of Taxation E. Current Uses of Taxation CHAPTER FOUR: SOCIAL JUSTICE IN TAXATION A. Social Justice B. Principles of Justice C. Well Ordered Society D. Original Position E. Veil of Ignorance F. Civil Disobedience CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION A. INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT The works of John Rawls was basically centered on justice as depicted on his work “Theory of Justice” and “Political Liberalism. John Rawls is considered to be one of the most influential philosophers during his time as he specialized in the concept of justice and fairness as a tool for attaining social justice in the society. His works received various criticisms since it may be viewed as unrealistic but though it may be criticized, his works are one of the influential and most bought book and already translated in various language to be used as curriculum in philosophy classes. Rawls differentiate the concept of justice and fairness as he tried to show that the idea of justice is fairness and...
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...Although Massachusetts was the focal point of the crisis, other states experienced similar economic hardships. In particular, Continental Army and state militia veterans struggled, as many received little in the way of pay or reimbursement for their military service. Among these disgruntled former soldiers was the Continental Army Captain Daniel Shays, who led a violent uprising against debt collection in Massachusetts. Shays’ Rebellion can be considered an example of political and intellectual influences, from the economic hardships and the monetary debt caused by the American Revolutionary...
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...Some thought that Britain stepped over the boundary with taxes and some reacted violently. The Boston Tea Party as well as the Boston Massacre arose from such actions. With Britain’s Intolerable acts, the colonists made a daring proposition. The colonists, in the First Continental Congress sent a letter to King George declaring war. Although the British government likely procured strong reasons for limiting the opportunities, rights, and freedoms available to American colonists under British rule, the American Colonists were justified in their desire to claim independence from the British government due to taxation without representation in government meetings, limitations by laws that restricted their freedom and the violence and control they were subjected to on the part of the British soldiers. The Americans were justified for claiming Independence because of “Taxation without representation”. After the Treaty of Paris of 1763, Britain was in huge debt. Because the war fought on American soil and British soldiers protected the American colonist, Britain felt it was right to tax the colonists. On March...
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...1775. Samuel Adams was one of them; he was an organizer of Boston’s Sons of Liberty. Samuel Adams organized Boston’s opposition to the Tea Act, which led to the Boston Tea Party, and also devised of the Boston Committee of Correspondence throughout Massachusetts. The committees provided leadership and promoted cooperation. By 1773, several colonies had created committees, which helped build colonial unity. He later worked for the creation of the First Continental Congress and represented Massachusetts in 1774; Adams hoped to win their support for Massachusetts and the crisis. Fortunately for Massachusetts, the other colonies also opposed the Coercive Acts...
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...The Effect of Early Colonial Legislation The early settlers in the New World were subject to many different laws and acts of legislation passed by the British government. Most of which were meant to help the King and England rather than support the colonies ability to be a free and self-governing people. Some of the legislation like the Stamp Act was passed to help England recoup its losses from the French Indian War. Although some like the Coercive Act contained a series of legislative tactics meant to punish colonists for going against or acting against the King or the mother land. Both of these acts were purposeful and against the colonists and only for the benefit of England. The French and Indian War caused the British government to go into a tremendous amount of debt. This debt had to be recovered somehow. So parliament decided that they would create a tax on the colonies to help recover some of the money lost. The Stamp Act was the British Parliaments attempt to take governmental authority over the colonies. The Stamp Act created a tax or duty on different types of documents printed on paper including “… legal documents, business papers, licenses, pamphlets, newspapers, almanacs, printed sermons, playing cards, and dice” (Reich, 2011 Ch. 25 Para 17). For instance the act stated that any piece of parchment that was “…engrossed, written, or printed, any declaration, plea, replication, rejoinder, demurrer or other pleading, or any copy thereof; in any court of law within...
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...Seven Year War, the British Empire though Victorious had Accumulated a massive debt, almost doubled from food rationing, the production of arms and the general expenditure required to maintain an army that size and that too for several years. Many colonist rejoiced at the victory over the French and Spanish, and were quite proud indeed of their British origins. Taxation had to be increased to overcome this large debt adding to that London decided to pension officer half of their pay and believed the colonise too should pay for them. The colonist in spite their apparent ‘English Pride’ however did not like the idea of being taxed, especially wealth established colonist. Parliament thought it best to impose a small...
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...tea. After the recent perception of overreach by Parliament, the colonists just saw another attempt to legitimize taxation through virtual representation. In protest, disguised colonists dumped a large and expensive amount of tea into the Boston Harbor the same year. The Boston Tea Party as it was known, set off a legal chain reaction from Parliament in 1774 meant to punish Massachusetts and known in the colonies as the Intolerable Acts. Boston harbor was closed, the democratic process in Massachusetts was suspended, and officials were now appointed by the royal governor. Military commanders were now allowed to house soldiers wherever they saw fit, which included private residences, and any trial of appointed officials accused of capital crimes would occur in England rather than in local courts. But the final insult for the colonists was the Quebec Act. Parliament allowed French colonists in the Quebec territory to continue the practice of French civil law and Catholicism after becoming British subjects following the war. They were also granted land in the disputed Ohio territory that led to the French and Indian War and was subsequently denied to the British colonists on the winning side. The colonies formed the First Continental Congress for the purpose of a united voice of dissent and to exclaim the right of the colonies to self-governance and self-taxation. But Parliament had already declared their supremacy in these matters and considered any such congress illegitimate...
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...that the British were treating colonists unfairly. The British passed many tax laws that were detrimental to the colonists. Unfair Taxation, the intolerable acts, and most importantly the king did not address the concerns of the colonists. I can understand the point of view of the colonists, they had no say in how the taxes were collected and spent. Furthermore, acts such as the stamp act of 1765 taxed common goods such as newspapers, pamphlets, and cards. Moreover, Parliament was not willing to give colonists which considered themselves British subjects a seat in parliament. Consequently, in order to try and get parliament to listen, many riots, boycotts, and protests such as the Boston Tea Party occurred. It is easy to see why the colonists thought that taxes were unfair. However, some people believed that American colonists paid fair taxes since the government supported and...
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...William Dawes, Jr. was born on April 6th, 1745 in Boston, Massachusetts, to William and Lydia Dawes. He grew up in a Christian home and was baptized in Boston. Dawes became a tanner; a person who treats skins and hides of animals to produce leather. He was also an active member in Boston’s Militia. William Dawes married Mehitable May and had six children. William Dawes, Jr. was most known for his ‘midnight ride’. On April 18th, 1775, Dr. Joseph Warren was sent Dawes to warn the minutemen that the British Column was going to march into their territory. The British officers heard that the riders were approaching, and waited on the path between Lexington and Concord. The officers told Dawes, Revere and Prescott to stop. The men decided to go in different directions hoping one would be able to escape the officers. Dawes went into a yard of a house and distracted two officers while Prescott got...
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...laws and regulations of the United States and bring to the criminal and civil justice system of the United States " Marijuana is illegal, and use is prohibited through federal laws, but many state laws have legalized the use for recreational and medicinal. State laws vary state to state. There are so many different laws on marijuana use, whether it be for recreational or medicinal. Many people feel that the laws on marijuana have to do with whether the state considering legalization is a commonwealth or not, but that is not the case. There is no difference in a commonwealth state or non commonwealth state, they are all states and all have their own laws based on marijuana use. There are four commonwealth states Virginia, Kentucky, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania. These states are just independent, each state will make their own laws, but federal laws have not changed on...
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...Revolution, par. 1) in West Barnstable Massachusetts. Out of thirteen the thirteen children Mercy Otis was the eldest. James Otis, Mercy’s father, who was born in 1702 and died in 1778. Her mother, Mary Allyne Otis, “was a descendant of Edward Doty who was a passenger on the Mayflower.” (American Revolution, par. 5) Mary was born in the year 1702 and died in 1774. James Otis was a farmer, merchant, lawyer and had served as a judge for the Barnstable County Court of Common Pleas. The Otis’s had come to the country around 1630-1640 and had first stayed in Hingham. They were one of the prominent families of Cape Cod. Though Mercy was not able to be schooled like her brothers she was able to be in the room when they had their private lessons. Since she was young she was into history. She enjoyed reading, drawing, and doing needle work. “Her brother James Otis Jr., became her advisor and companion in literature pursuits.” (American revolution. Par. 3) Mercy and her brother had a strong relationship which couldn’t be weakened. James Otis Jr. was the one where the...
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