...taxes is one of our strongest weapons to fight out tobacco,” said Arun Thapa, Acting WHO Representative to India. Hiking tobacco taxes by 320% between 1996 and 2013 helped the US reduce its per capita annual consumption of cigarettes from 1820 to 893 cigarettes, and cut the number of adults who smoke by about a third. In India, central-excise duty has increased 1606% on the shortest non-filter cigarettes available and 198% on the shortest filter cigarettes since 1996. Taxes constitute about 60% of the price of a best-selling pack of 20 cigarettes, against about 43% in the US. But India was not able to reduce its capita annual consumption of cigarettes in the same proportion. Cigarette smokers in India increased from 25 million to 46.4 million over 14 years (1996 to 2010), and per capita annual consumption of cigarettes declined marginally, from 101 to 96 cigarettes over the same period. With some assumptions, it can be shown that the tax on bidis can be increased to Rs. 100 per 1000 sticks compared with the current Rs. 14 and the tax on an average cigarette can be increased to Rs. 3.5 per stick without any fear of losing revenue. The government though has been taking rigorous initiatives to try and reduce the consumption of tobacco products it has not been able to achieve the results which it wanted to have. There have been many reasons for this to happen and we will look into it in this report. Introduction:- In India, tobacco consumption is responsible for half of all the cancers...
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...THE ECONOMICS OF TOBACCO TAXATION IN INDIA Tobacco taxation in India tends to be low for the most commonly consumed tobacco products. In order to suggest ITC about their strategy for the rural market, we must understand the taxation policies that prevail. India has a tobacco tax structure which is complex, different taxes for hand-rolled versus machine-made bidis, etcetera. In the table given, we observe that bidis are taxed less than filtered cigarettes. At the same time, the tax remains constant for bidis whereas it increases for cigarettes. In table 3.5, we observe that cheaper the tobacco, higher the tax because we assume that cheaper tobacco is more hazardous. But for bidis though the cost is cheap, it is taxed less as it focuses on the mass consumer whose buying potential is less. So its demand is more elastic than the expensive tobacco. Considering the data given in table in 3.1 and 3.5, tobacco products like bidis are less taxed, and it caters to the needs of majority of the consumers. Cigarettes and bidis are consumed by classes of people from different economic strata. Rural markets have a potential for bidis since the lower income group resides more in rural areas. The taxation on bidis is almost constant through the years, it is more profitable to enter the tobacco market through bidis in rural areas.. Own price elasticity in rural areas for bidis is more elastic than in urban areas. For example, an increase of 10% in price will decrease the quantity...
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...Philip Morris International (PMI), the global leader in tobacco products, is currently experiencing risks to its profitability and future operations, particularly from increasing taxes and prohibitive public policy. PMI must balance strategies which address the heightening involvement of western governments in the tobacco industry with the growth opportunities in developing markets. The following outlines the three most significant risks facing PMI and identifies existing strategies in comparison to competitors. The first significant risk facing PMI is government restrictions on advertising. Governments globally are increasingly restricting the means by which PMI can actively market to consumers. As a result, the branded tobacco industry has been limited to select sponsorship and online marketing efforts. The latest restriction involves mandating plain packaging. Australia is set to become the first country to introduce plain packaging for cigarettes in December 2012, thereby eliminating a critical brand marketing vehicle for the industry, a precedent that will have worldwide repercussions. Such measures are anticipated to expand to other regions, which restrict PMI’s ability to launch new (and differentiated) brands and to command a premium price. In the event that the tobacco product industry becomes a commodity market, with no way to differentiate other than price, production cost-reduction initiatives will serve to partially mitigate against the risk to profitability. In...
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...Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow ITC Ltd: A Strategic Analysis Submitted to: Prof. Arun K Jain In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course Strategic Management I Submitted by Saurav Goswami (ABM08012) Anuj Saraf (PGP27204) Kaushal Mathur (PGP27219) Sudhanshu Chawla (PGP27255) Section “D” Group 1 Letter of Transmission TO: Prof. Arun K. Jain, Strategy Group Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow FROM: Group 1, Section D Strategic Management Class DATE: March 23, 2012 SUBJECT: Strategic Analysis of ITC Ltd. Dear Sir, You had entrusted us with a project to analyze the strategy of any company of our choice using the frameworks given in the prescribed textbook. We chose ITC Ltd. for this project as it is one of India’s oldest and most diversified companies. This report begins with analyzing the strategic direction of the company which emanates from its vision & mission statements. It then looks at the decisions that the company has taken to achieve its vision by analyzing the environment it operates, the value chain and the core competencies that it has developed over the years and the key factors instrumental in its success. We end by commenting on its future prospects based on our analysis. We are grateful to you for providing us this opportunity to learn the strategic issues in contemporary businesses and giving us the necessary guidance in completing the project. We would also like to thank the entire...
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...or as its labour equivalent (often but not always unpaid labour). India has a well developed taxation structure. The tax system in India is mainly a three tier system which is based between the Central, State Governments and the local government organizations. In most cases, these local bodies include the local councils and the municipalities. According to the Constitution of India, the government has the right to levy taxes on individuals and organizations. However, the constitution states that no one has the right to levy or charge taxes except the authority of law. Whatever tax is being charged has to be backed by the law passed by the legislature or the parliament. Article 246 (SEVENTH SCHEDULE) of the Indian Constitution, distributes legislative powers including taxation, between the Parliament and the State Legislature. Schedule VII enumerates these subject matters with the use of three lists; • List - I entailing the areas on which only the parliament is competent to makes laws, • List - II entailing the areas on which only the state legislature can make laws, and • List - III listing the areas on which both the Parliament and the State Legislature can make laws upon concurrently. Separate heads of taxation are provided under lists I and II of Seventh Schedule of Indian Constitution. There is no head of taxation in the Concurrent List (Union and the States have no concurrent power of taxation). Any tax levied by the government which is not backed by law or...
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...Dheeraj Suri(060) Table of Contents Introduction 3 Cigarettes: 3 The Global Tobacco Market 3 ITC 4 MARKETING MIX 5 Product 5 Price 5 Promotion 5 Place 5 VISION AND MISSION (/www.itcportal.co) 6 VISION 6 MISSION 6 PEST ANALYSIS 6 POLITICAL ANALYSIS 6 SOCIAL ANALYSIS 6 SWOT ANALYSIS (itc-hikes-gold-flake-prices) 8 SEGMENTATION 9 FUTURE GROWTH PROSPECTS 9 Bibliography 11 APPENDIX 12 Introduction Cigarettes: Cigarette is a product consumed via smoking and manufactured out of cured and finely cut tobacco leaves and reconstituted tobacco, combined with other additives, then rolled or stuffed into a paper-wrapped cylinder (generally less than 120 mm in length and 10 mm in diameter). The cigarette is ignited at one end and allowed to smolder for the purpose of inhalation of its smoke from the other (usually filtered) end, which is inserted in the mouth. They are sometimes smoked with a cigarette holder. The term cigarette, as commonly used, refers to a tobacco cigarette but can apply to similar devices containing other herbs, such as cannabis. Approximately 5.5 trillion cigarettes are produced globally each year by the tobacco industry, smoked by over 1.1 billion people, which is more than one-sixth of the world’s total population (financialexpress.com). The Global Tobacco Market There has been a widely held perception that there is a decline in tobacco industry which is actually not the right view. There has been a continuous and steady...
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...impact of the slowing economy on your FMCG business? FMCG businesses do not easily get impacted by economic issues. Consumers usually postpone large buying decision such as cars and televisions. The only possible impact in the FMCG industry is an increase in downtrading. But as of now, there are no such signs. In the rural market too, the business is not impacted. Bad monsoon can impact farmers, but farm labourers remain unaffected...a lot of factors today impact rural economy such as roll out of programmes like the national rural employment guarantee scheme. Why have you launched so many new cigarettes brands at the same time? It is basically to take on illegal cigarettes. The illegal cigarette industry started off in India in 2002. Independent research in India has shown that while there is a fall in volume of duty paid cigarettes by more than 4% between 2005 and 2010, the duty-not-paid volumes grew by 49% during the same period. Attractive tax arbitrage...
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...ITC * The Company was founded in year 1790 by Henry Overton Wills. It’s current headquarter is in Kolkata. * It is the largest producer of Cigarettes in India with maximum brands of all range. * In the list of world most reputable companies ITC position at 95. * ITC is one of India's foremost private sector companies with a market capitalisation of nearly US $ 9 billion and a turnover of US $ 3 billion. * Rated among the World's Leading Companies by Forbes magazine, ITC ranks third in pre-tax profit among India's private sector corporations.Only Indian FMCG company on Forbes Global 2000 ranking. * ITC has a diversified presence in Cigarettes, Hotels, Paperboards & Specialty Papers, Packaging, Agri-Business, Branded Apparel, Packaged Foods & Confectionery, Greeting Cards and other FMCG products * ITC's diversified status originates from its corporate strategy aimed at creating multiple drivers of growth anchored on its time-tested core competencies: unmatched distribution reach, superior brand-building capabilities, effective supply chain management and acknowledged service skills in hoteliering. * ITC's FMCG businesses have one of the largest retail networks in the country, consisting of over 2 million retailers. ITC employs over 31,000 people at more than 60 locations across India * ITC has powerful brands like Wills, John Players, Hotel Grand Maratha, Sunfeast. * ITC have a very successful CRS activity called ‘e-choupal’ VISION...
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...Assignment On Impact of Indirect Tax in the Economic Growth of Bangladesh Submitted to Shish Haider Chowdhury Course Instructor Auditing & Taxation Submitted By Sudipta Paul Class ID-1577 21st Batch Date of Submission 07.09.2014 Institute of Business Administration Jahangirnagar University Indirect tax: An indirect tax (such as sales tax, a specific tax, value added tax (VAT), or goods and services tax (GST)) is a tax collected by an intermediary (such as a retail store) from the person who bears the ultimate economic burden of the tax (such as the consumer). The intermediary later files a tax return and forwards the tax proceeds to government with the return. In this sense, the term indirect tax is contrasted with a direct tax which is collected directly by government from the persons (legal or natural) on which it is imposed. Some commentators have argued that "a direct tax is one that cannot be shifted by the taxpayer to someone else, whereas an indirect tax can be. An indirect tax may increase the price of a good so that consumers are actually paying the tax by paying more for the products.[2] Examples would be fuell, liquor, and cigarette taxes. An excise duty on motor cars is paid in the first instance by the manufacturer of the cars; ultimately the manufacturer transfers the burden of this duty to the buyer of the car in form of a higher price. Thus, an indirect tax is such which can be shifted or passed...
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...give it a competitive advantage over its rivals. 1. Strong Financial Performance: On 31st march, 2010, ITC’s market cap was Rs. 114000 crores with a Gross income of Rs. 26,863 crores and Profit after tax of Rs. 4061 crores. The company continues its impressive record of financial performance. 2. Products Portfolio: ITC’s portfolio of products and services is represented by over 50 energetic Brands in a range of more than 650 stock keeping units (SKUs). 3. Distribution Network: ITC’S products are available in over 6 million retail outlets in the country. Its formidable Distribution organisation directly services more than 2 million of these retail outlets. It used its experience of transporting and distributing tobacco products to remote and distant parts of India to the advantage of its FMCG products. 4. Environmental Friendly: ITC has a status of being ‘Water Positive’ for the 8th consecutive year, ‘Carbon Positive’ for the 5th year in succession and ‘solid waste recycling positive’ for 3 years in a row. ITC is the only enterprise in the world of its size to have achieved and sustained these three global environmental distinctions. As consumers and investors become more environment friendly, these considerations will provide the organisation an opportunity to create USPs and stronger brand loyalty and brand equity. 5. Research & Development: ITC recognises that cutting edge R&D can foster breakthrough innovation and create powerful sources of sustainable competitive...
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...Tobacco & Smoking: Smoking is a world wide hazard. It is a single most important cause of preventable premature death. According to WHO figures there are about 1.3 billion smokers in the world. 20 billion cigarettes are sold every day. Smoking is declining in US and many other western countries In USA smoking rate have decreased to almost half over the last three decades but it is on the rise in developing countries like Pakistan, India, Philippine, Thailand and Cambodia . In some developed countries in far East like Japan and China more than 60 % of male population smokes. One third of the world population smokes, 12 % of them are women and every day 100,000 kids are added to this number. Every year 5.6 million people die of tobacco/smoking related diseases. Every 6 second a current or former smoker dies. 70 % of smokers die younger than normal population. Smokers die 15 year younger than non smokers. In 21st century, 1.3 billion people will die of smoking. Smoking cigarette, pipe, cigar, Huqua, Shisha and other use of tobacco like chewing tobacco and tobacco sniffing all are dangerous and addictive. Nicotine present in tobacco smoke causes addiction by increasing the brain levels of chemicals like Dopamine and Endrophine. These chemicals give a sense of happiness hence there is craving for tobacco products. If a person tries to quit, withdrawal effects include irritability, anxiety, depression and lack of concentration. Tobacco and tobacco smoke have about 4...
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...manufactured in India and are meant for domestic consumption. The taxable fact is "manufacture" and the liability of central excise duty arises as soon as the goods are manufactured. The tax is on manufacturing, it is paid by a manufacturer, which is then passed on to the customer. The term "excisable goods" means the goods which are specified in the First Schedule and the Second Schedule to the Central Excise Tariff Act 1985. The term "manufacture" refers to any process • Related or supplementary to the combination of a manufactured product. • Which is specified in relation to any goods in the Section or Chapter Notes of the First Schedule to the Central Excise Tariff Act 1985 as amounting to manufacture or • Which in relation to the goods specified in the Third Schedule involves packing or repacking of such goods in a unit container or labeling or re-labeling of containers including the declaration or alteration of retail sale price on it or adoption of any other treatment on the goods to render the product marketable to the consumer. Three different types of Central Excise Duties exist in India. They are listed below: Basic Excise Duty In India Excise Duty, imposed under section 3 of the ‘Central Excises and Salt Act’ of1944 on all excisable goods other than salt produced or manufactured in India, at the rates set forth in the schedule to the Central Excise tariff Act, 1985, falls under the category of Basic Excise Duty In India. Additional Duty...
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...Taxation system in India India has a well-developed tax structure with clearly demarcated authority between Central and State Governments and local bodies. Central Government levies taxes on income (except tax on agricultural income, which the State Governments can levy), customs duties, central excise and service tax. Value Added Tax (VAT), (Sales tax in States where VAT is not yet in force), stamp duty, State Excise, land revenue and tax on professions are levied by the State Governments. Local bodies are empowered to levy tax on properties, octroi and for utilities like water supply, drainage etc. In last 10-15 years, Indian taxation system has undergone tremendous reforms. The tax rates have been rationalized and tax laws have been simplified resulting in better compliance, ease of tax payment and better enforcement. The process of rationalization of tax administration is ongoing in India. Since April 01, 2005, most of the State Governments in India have replaced sales tax with VAT. 1.Direct Taxes a. Taxes on Corporate Income Companies residents in India are taxed on their worldwide income arising from all sources in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act. Non-resident corporations are essentially taxed on the income earned from a business connection in India or from other Indian sources. A corporation is deemed to be resident in India if it is incorporated in India or if it’s control and management is situated entirely in India. ...
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...ITC Limited One of India’s Most Admired and Valuable Companies A Profile One of India’s most Admired and Valuable company - Market Capitalisation: over US$ 40 Billion A USD 8 Billion enterprise by Revenue - ~58% of Net Revenue from non-Cigarette segments Leading Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) marketer in India - Established several world-class brands in the last 10 years 10 year Value addition ~ Rs. 2.2 lakh crore (US$ 43 billion) with ~75% accruing to the Exchequer - Among the top tax payers in the country (Private sector) - Excise payments represent ~7% of Government of India’s total Excise collection ITC & its Group Companies employ over 31,000 people directly; supports livelihoods of ~6 million people A global exemplar in sustainable business practices - Only Company in the world of comparable dimensions to have achieved the global environmental distinction of being Carbon positive (10th Year), Water positive (13th Year) and Solid waste recycling positive (8th Year) 2 ITC Performance Track Record Rs. cr. 1995-96 2014-15 19-yr Cagr 95-96 to 14-15 Gross Revenue 5,115 49,965 12.7% Net Revenue 2,536 36,083 15.0% PBT 452 13,998 19.8% PAT 261 9,608 20.9% Capital Employed 1,886 32,420 16.1% ROCE % 28.4 43.4 Market Capitalisation 5,571 2,60,865 Total Shareholder Returns % 22.4% 24.3% Market Cap and TSR based on FY-end prices for FY96...
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...LIFECYCLE OF CORPORATE IDENTITIES Executive Summary The research attempts to explore the need for a change in corporate identity by organizations and to figure-out a pattern, if any, associated with such a change across organizations. As the introduction to the paper we have defined ‘Corporate Identity’, its purpose and elements. In this paper we have limited our case studies to corporate identities that have reflected some kind of a visual change apart from changes in any other element. We have analyzed ten inflexion points ranging from mergers and acquisitions to business re-orientation to changes in organizational culture and how these factors necessitate changes in corporate identity. Based on this we have proposed a model which showcases the growing impact of these factors over time and how the occurrence of World events has intensified the ‘change factors’ which in turn are putting all the more pressure on corporations globally to reconsider their identity. The intensity of these factors would vary from industry to industry, with each industry having a different lifecycle. The model brings out the paradox of shortened lifecycle of corporate identities which itself poses an extraordinary challenge to companies for effectively elongating and managing their identities. Changing ones corporate identity is not only an expensive affair but can also create dissonance in the minds of the stakeholders, if not managed and communicated properly. In order to succeed companies will...
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