Premium Essay

Tayyab

In:

Submitted By muhammadtayyab
Words 2801
Pages 12
MODULE - 6B
Elementary Cost Accounting
Notes
95
Cost Accounting : An Introduction
ACCOUNTANCY
After passing your senior secondary examination, if you set up a small manufacturing unit, say manufacturing of packing boxes, a problem will arise what price of each box you should quote to the buyer. Many factors are considered while fixing the price of a product/item such as competitors’ price etc. One of the basic factors is the cost of its production. Cost is essential not only to fix price but also to ascertain the margin of profit.
Knowledge of the cost determination is also necessary to keep a check on the cost of product/control on wastages, etc. The accounting used to study the various aspects of cost is known as cost accounting. In this lesson, you will learn about meaning, importance, limitations etc. of cost accounting.
OBJECTIVES
After studying this lesson, you will be able to: state the meaning and scope of cost accounting; explain the objectives of cost accounting; differentiate between cost accounting and financial accounting; state importance of cost accounting; explain limitations of cost accounting.
27.1 MEANING AND SCOPE OF COST ACCOUNTING
Cost accounting is the process of determining and accumulating the cost of product or activity. It is a process of accounting for the incurrence and the control of cost. It also covers classification, analysis, and interpretation of cost. In other words, it is a system of accounting, which provides the information about the ascertainment, and control of costs of products, or services. It measures the operating efficiency of the enterprise. It is an
27
COST ACCOUNTING : AN
INTRODUCTIONACCOUNTANCY
MODULE - 6B
Notes
Cost Accounting : An Introduction
Elementary Cost Accounting 96 internal aspect of the organisation. Cost Accounting is accounting for cost aimed at providing cost

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Use of Library

...Library By thr StudentUse of Library by the Students of Foundation University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Rawalpindi Muhammad Tayyab Alam Bukhari* Muhammad Maqsood Alam Bukhari** Najma Ranjha*** Khurshid Ahmad**** Fouzia Naz***** Abstract This study investigated the use of library by the students of Foundation University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Rawalpindi. The importance of library as an institution has been realized. The Objectives of this study were (a) to investigate the present use of library by the students of Foundation University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (b) to analyze the organizational set up of library for the purpose of effective learning (c) to identify the problems faced by the students in the use of library and (d) to give recommendations for effective use of library. The nature of this study was descriptive. The population of this study consisted of all the MA /M.Sc. level students. One hundred and eighty students of various programs were selected randomly as sample. A self developed questionnaire consisting of 10 items was used as instrument for data collection. It was concluded that the majority of the students hesitated to use the library because of the problems they faced during its use. Lack of books, lack of organizational set up and lack of space and other physical facilities were the major factors associated with the less use of library. Keywords: Library use; Students; Academic libraries; Pakistan                                                              ...

Words: 3251 - Pages: 14

Premium Essay

Business Plan

...2015 Adil Amin Muhammad Tariq Shaban Tayyab Furqan Fundamentals of Corporate Finance 3/8/2015 2015 Adil Amin Muhammad Tariq Shaban Tayyab Furqan Fundamentals of Corporate Finance 3/8/2015 Auto Doctor Auto Doctor ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ PROJECT _____________________________________________ Submitted to: Prof. Syed Sadir Ali Zaidi Submitted by: * Adil Amin (2013-MBA-015) * Tayyab Furqan (2013-MBA-028) * Muhammad Tariq Shaban (2013-MBA-022) Course Title: Fundamental of Corporate Finance TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 Vision Statement: 4 Mission Statement: 4 PROJECT PROFILE 5 HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT: 8 Office Equipment & Other Equipment Requirement: 9 Revenue Generation: 9 REVENUE: 10 FIXED COST CALCULATION: 10 Performa Income Statements 11 6th Tools 12 SENERIO ANALYSIS 15 Income Statements for Worst case by 10% decrease 17 Income Statement for Best Case by Increasing 10% 18 Sensitivity Analysis 19 Break Even Analysis 21 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To commence with things we would like to take this opportunity to gratefully thank the Almighty ALLAH for keeping us in good health all through our project work. I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to everyone who supported me throughout the course of this THIS project. I am thankful for their aspiring guidance, invaluably constructive...

Words: 2687 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Week 4 Assignment 1

...Running head: THE RELIGION OF ISLAM The Religion of Islam the Contrasts and Parallels of Christianity Richard Bucher September 9, 2012 THE RELIGION OF ISLAM The Religion of Islam the Contrasts and Parallels of Christianity Numerous individuals define religion as a belief or faith. By practicing a specific religion one agrees to exist in life by a certain creed. Thus, religion is employed as a guide for practitioners’ lives. This is one component that is similar amongst all religions. Furthermore, there is an abundance of religions located everywhere in the world. One of the most commonly practiced religions is Christianity. In the United States alone, 79.5 percent of its citizens claim to be Christian (Fairchild, Christianity). I am apart of this statistic. A person who deems themselves Christian is one who concurs with the teachings of Jesus Christ, and accepts him as man’s savior. Moreover, there is another religion that has a much smaller percentage, but it is growing exponentially, and it is known as Islam. Individuals whom are practitioners of Islam are called Muslims. Islam is a monotheistic belief where they believe that Allah (God) is the creator of all things. Ultimately, before properly educating myself on the religion of Islam, by going to the mosque, through extensive research, and by interviewing an individual from the Muslim community, I had my own notions about this religion. Consequently...

Words: 1911 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Document

...International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 83 – No 9, December 2013 Real Time Traffic Density Count using Image Processing Naeem Abbas Muhammad Tayyab M.Tahir Qadri Sir Syed University of Engg & Technology University Road Karachi-75300, Pakistan Sir Syed University of Engg & Technology University Road Karachi-75300, Pakistan Sir Syed University of Engg & Technology University Road Karachi-75300, Pakistan ABSTRACT Due to the increase in the number of vehicles day by day, traffic congestions and traffic jams are very common. One method to overcome the traffic problem is to develop an intelligent traffic control system which is based on the measurement of traffic density on the road using real time video and image processing techniques. The theme is to control the traffic by determining the traffic density on each side of the road and control the traffic signal intelligently by using the density information. This paper presents the algorithm to determine the number of vehicles on the road. The density counting algorithm works by comparing the real time frame of live video by the reference image and by searching vehicles only in the region of interest (i.e., road area). The computed vehicle density can be compared with other direction of the traffic in order to control the traffic signal smartly. Keywords Traffic density count, image processing, intelligent controlling of traffic. 1. INTRODUCTION The...

Words: 2431 - Pages: 10

Free Essay

Bba-Honors

...BBA MERIT LIST FOR BBA(Hons) Program FALL 2012 SEMESTER Ref No Name 1 ABDUL REHMAN 2 HESHAM NAEEM 3 SUMBAL EJAZ 4 MUHAMMAD ZAIN AKRAM 6 HAMMAD SHAHID 7 AWAIS-UL-HASSAN EJAZ 8 HASHIR ALI 9 MUHAMMAD SAAD SALEEM 10 NOUMAN FARRUKH 14 FARA SHABBIR 15 MUHAMMAD AHMAD LODHI 16 WAJID TALAL 17 MOHAMMAD SHAKIR KHAN 19 MOHSIN RIAZ 24 MAAZ NAZAR 25 MUHAMMAD SALMAN KHAN 27 ALI MAQSOOD 28 SEHBA FAYYAZ 30 SANA YAHYA 31 MUHAMMAD KAMRAN MANZOOR 32 HAFIZ JHANZAB ANJUM 33 ASLAM IRSHAD 34 MUHAMMAD SOHAIB ANWER 35 MUHAMMAD KHURRAM SAEED 42 HAMMAD SADDIQUE 43 SAAD DANIYAL MUSSADIQ 50 ABDUL WALEED BUTT 51 ZUBAIR TANVEER 52 SAJID KHALID 53 SULAIMAN DAWOOD 54 HUNAIN FAISAL 55 TAMOOR SADIQ 56 MUHAMMAD ABEER AZMAT 57 MUHAMMAD BILAL SAJJAD 58 HAFIZ MUHAMMAD ASHIR 61 MUHAMMAD MURAD NAWAZ 64 NAYAB MAZHAR 65 FAIZAN KHALID 66 ARBAAZ ALI KHAN 67 MUHAMMAD UZAIR UL HASSAN 68 KHISAL IFTIKHAR 70 HAMZA KHALID BUTT 74 FAREEHA NADEEM 75 ABAD HAYEE 78 NAMRA SOHAIL 79 ABEER JALEEL DAR 80 MUHAMMAD KHIZER ASHFAQ 81 USAMA AKMAL 85 TALAL QASIM 89 MUHAMMAD JUNAID 90 MUHAMMAD SAJID 92 MAHNOOR MURTAZA 93 YAMAN SHARIF 96 RASHID IQBAL 97 KHATIJA SHAFIQ 98 AMMAR 99 USMAN AZAM 101 SAYED MUHAMMAD ANAS ZAIDI 103 ABDUL RAHEEM QAZI 104 WAQAS NADEEM 107 AREEBA WASEEM 112 HAMID ALI 113 AYESHA SATTAR 115 JAHNZEB IQBAL 117 AIMAN 118 HUSSNAIN SAFDAR 120 DURRAB NADEEM 122 IRFAN SHAHID 125 SABA BAQAI 126 MUHAMMAD FARRUKH NAWAZ 127 ABDUL HASEEB 128 MUHAMMAD SOHAIB SHAFIQUE ...

Words: 3090 - Pages: 13

Premium Essay

Essay on Monopoly

...Introduction to Economics – GECO 204 Essay on Monopoly 19th April, 2013 Group Members Mohiuddin Abro Daniyal Abbas Khan Waleed Chohan Adeel Usman Tayyab Ghani Note – The following essay has been paraphrased from different sources such as websites and books. Where it was not possible to paraphrase, such as definitions and brief explanations, the source has been named. WHAT IT ACTUALLY IS? A monopoly has many definitions. It can be a company, institute, or an organisation which is the dominant seller of goods and services in the marketplace. According to Alain Anderton, a Monopoly When there is no involvement by the government for regulation, a monopoly company is free to set any price and it commonly chooses the highest level of profit possible. One thing that should be noted is that it is not necessary that a monopoly becomes profitable as compared with the other members. If enough rivals businesses enter, they will compete among themselves and ultimately drive down monopoly power. Some prominent examples of Monopolies are Microsoft in Computer Operating Systems, Major League Baseball and National Football League in United States. MONOPOLIES’S Main Characteristics • It is one single seller • High barriers to entry keep other firms from entering the industry • There is no second alternative that is available in te market for its product. A monopoly industry can consist of one firm or a number of organisations that operate and make decisions together...

Words: 1180 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Epic Salvaginity

...Business Strategy (Based on the Analysis of Ibrahim Fibres Limited, Faisalabad) PREPARED FOR: Mr. Ghulam Ahmad Rana PREPARED BY: Ata-ul-Hassan 083805-067 Samran Javed 083805-025 Muzamil Iqbal 083805-053 Muhammad Tayyab Vahedy 083805-085 Muhammad Hadi 083805-109 Muhammad Salman Tariq 083805-108 Raheel Shehzad 083805-071 May 14, 2012 1. Situation (SWOT) Analysis. It is an important tool that is used for reviewing overall strategic position and its environment. It is used in different variety of scenarios. This analysis is carried out by being realistic and specific without any grey areas. It also helps to distinguish where the business is today and where it could be in the future and therefore is carried out in relation to the competition in the industry. Hence is the very first stage that helps us to focus on key issues mentioned below and takes into account complete analysis. a. Internal Strengths: These are very important by which we have competitive edge over others and focuses on: * Lucrative Management approach. * Leading Brands * Stupendous Customer Relationship Management * Effective Complaint handling system. * Customer Loyalty and retention. * Technological Skills. * Skilled and motivated work force * Production Quality, Processes and Logistics. * New product development. * Effective organizational reward...

Words: 1140 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Sustainbility

...Introduction: Knowledge transferability and its effectiveness are seen as crucial elements for honing communication between supply chains partners deemed necessary for knowledge dissemination. This communication can in turn render the partners to operate according to the aspirations of the company and bore fruits. Companies possessing the ability to ensure effective transfer of knowledge are making strides by producing innovation, reducing costs and improving quality and customer satisfaction (kamara et al; 2002, Love., 2003). Perhaps it can be posited that knowledge management itself assists in provision of a collaborative environment where supply chain partners are able to minimize their wasteful activities, improve productivity and efficiency (Tayyab, Andrew and Derek, 2003). Most important thing to ponder here is the function of knowledge management in companies operating through technology. Like construction companies, IT companies and...

Words: 1265 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Csr Activities of Sugar Mills in Pakistan

...Term Report OF CSR Module: Corporate Social Responsibility Industry Name: Sugar Industry of Pakistan Submitted To: Sir Waris Ali Submitted By: Amna zahoor BBA-12-07 Adeel sami Khan BBA-12-09 Rabiya Javed BBA-12-15 Tayyaba Ashfaq BBA-12-26 Tayyab Tahir BBA-12-41 Class: BBA 6th Morning BAHAUDDIN ZAKARIYA UNIVERSITY SUB CAMPUS SAHIWAL. Abstract This report examines the current state of competitive environment of sugar industry in Pakistan. A Brief history of sugar industry and its operation in Pakistan is initially outlined. The discussion then focuses on key ecological and social responsibility issues. For evaluating the degree to which the issues are being addressed, we have studied the CSR activities from their annual reports of 20 listed companies in sugar industry. It is concluded that CSR issues are not properly addressed and solved. The CSR practices are implemented only by the big mills in the industry. It is suggested that CSR practices should be implemented properly. Technological advancement is also very necessary for improving the capacity of sugar industry. Research questions | Research aim | What are the nature, size and market of sugar industry? | To investigate the entire industry structure and its background. | What are the key ecological and social issues in the sugar industry? | To investigate the environmental and ethical problems in sugar industry. | What are the CSR practices in listed mills of sugar...

Words: 1766 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

No File Uploaded

...School of Social Sciences and Humanities MA Media and Communication Specializations: – Media Management – Advertising and Public Relations University of Management and Technology C-II, Johar Town Lahore-54770, Pakistan Tel: 92 42 35212801-10 Fax: 92 42 35212819 Email: info@umt.edu.pk University of Management and Technology www.umt.edu.pk School of Social Sciences and Humanities School of Social Sciences and Humanities Career Opportunities After graduating from UMT, you are likely to find employment opportunities in the following areas: – – – – – – Editorial positions at press, broadcast and web media outlets Managerial positions in media Public relation firms or PR departments of corporations Advertising agencies Establishing new businesses Teaching or researching mass communication Admission requirement – Graduation from an HEC recognized University with minimum 45% marks – Interview Introduction Media is becoming one of the growing industries in our country. In last decade (2000-2010) Mass Media has emerged as a new socio-political and socio-economic force which is supporting the process of required change in society. Media is enhancing its role tremendously to promote democracy, making sure good governance and monitoring malpractices. A large number of media organizations have been established and many plans are in the pipeline. Other dimensions of mass communication like Advertising, Public Relations and Development Communication are rising...

Words: 1778 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Management Term Report on Hr Department

...Principle of Management Term Report HR Management in HBL: Submitted To: Ms. Samra tayyab Date: 05th Jan, 2008 Acknowledgements We deem it an honor to our respected teacher her guidance and help that she has provided throughout this course of principle of Management. Because of her patience and extended knowledge over the subject, we were not only able to understand the course but also took keen interest in her lectures. Without her suggestions and advises we would not have been able to produce this report according to their requirement of standard. In doing so we are grateful to the many people who have given their time and guidance to help us in our report writing. Our special thanks to Mr. Syed A. Shahab, AVP, Human Resource Department, Habib Bank Limited, who was very cooperative and provided us with all the relevant details pertaining to the scope of Information Management. We are also grateful to the people in the Corporate HR, MIS and Accounts Department for the detailed information regarding the management solutions used in HBL. We would also like to thank our family, friends, and course fellows who were a continuous source of encouragement and moral support. We all have worked hard to use our limited time and resources to bring this report up to the desired standard. Group Members: Rafay usman Shariq ameen Muhammad junaid ashraf Alina parvaiz khaula khan Executive Summary In this report we have applied all of what we have...

Words: 2488 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Stakeholder Roles Project: Shadab And Company

...stated in the contract. Our second focus is to attain the target within budget and not over budget or exceed to our budget as in the contract. Third factor is important one in this project scope identification. This project scope is to construct house within time and budget. Project Stakeholders Our project main stakeholders are our customer which is Mr Talha, then suppliers. They are the outcast’s stakeholders. But within organizations project charter a key stake in project. That’s why project manager is stakeholder and whole Shadab & Company. Stakeholder Register Name of Stakeholder Roles Involvement Priority Impact Mr Talha Customer High Main Positive Supplier Supplier Medium Main Positive Shadab & Company Contractor Medium Main Positive Tayyab Ali Project Manager Very High Main Very Positive Project Planning Phase The Planning contains of those processes executed to establish the total scope, define and refine the goals, and develop the way of action required to achieve those objectives. The planning processes develop the project management plan and the project documents that will be used to do the project. Scope To classify necessities of building of house, building works and external works. Scope baseline The scope contains the project explanation, major project deliverables and approval standards. Hours of working The main working hours will be from 8.00 am to 5.00 pm (Mondays to Sundays). Some employees will be working freestanding the main working hours which are compulsory...

Words: 2903 - Pages: 12

Free Essay

Adad

... YORN Shuttle Service by Hammad Alam Usmani Student ID No. BB-35071 Muhammad Shakeeb Alam Student ID No. BB-25215 Project Supervisor: Sir Tayyab Yaqoob Lecturer IBT, Karachi Faculty of Computer Sciences & Information Technology Institute of Business & Technology (IBT), Karachi Certificate This is to certify that Hammad Alam Usmani (ID No. BB-35071) and Muhammad Shakeeb Alam (ID No. BB-25215) has completed their Final Year project having title “YORN Shuttle Service”. The Project is submitted to the IS committee of the Institute of Business & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan for evaluation. _______________________ Sir Tayyab Yaqoob Thesis Supervisor | ________________________ Prof.Dr.Mansoor-uz-Zafar Dean Faculty of Computer Sciences & Information Technology | Acknowledgement I would like to thank Allah who made it possible for us to work on this Project. This project was developed at IBT, Karachi and we are glad, that there we got a chance to complete this useful and informative project work. we would like to extend our sincere gratitude to out research supervisors, Mr. Sir Tayyab Yaqoob, for their assistance and guidance towards the progress of this project This Project was enabled and sustained by their vision and ideas....

Words: 10673 - Pages: 43

Premium Essay

Rtyrty

...Tax Assignment Topic: An Appraisal of Requirements to File a Return of Income Submitted to: Sir Aqeel Zafar ul Hassan Submitted By: Tayyab Wali ID: 16330 Contents What is a “Return of Income”? 3 Obligation to file income tax declarations 3 From The Ordinance: 4 114. Return of income. 4 115. Persons not required furnishing a return of income. 6 How to prepare wealth reconciliation statement 9 Dates for Filing the return 11 Income Tax Return Form 2013 12 What is a “Return of Income”? The Return of Income is a Form filed by a person to the Income Tax Department. It contains details of the person’s annual income(s). Obligation to file income tax declarations Who is required to submit a return of income? 1. Every company irrespective of any conditions, whether earning exempt income, or still in start-up stage or any other situation; 2. Associations of persons and individuals with annual income over Rs. 400,000/- for tax year 2013. Any person who is charged to tax in any of the two preceding tax years Any person who claims a loss to be carried forward and set-off against the income of the following year(s). 3. Any person who owns immovable property: i. with land area of 250 sq. yards or more located in areas falling within the municipal limits, a Cantonment Board, or the Islamabad Capital Territory; ii. with...

Words: 2762 - Pages: 12

Free Essay

Paper on Marketing

...Data of Phas-II Sr no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 NAME Abdul Hafeez Abu Bakar Siddique Awais Munir Basharat Mahboob Maroof Ilyas Mazhar Iqbal Miss Ayesha Ch. Miss Fariha Iftikhar Miss Kashaf Yaseen Miss Ujala Ashraf Muhammad Abdullah Waleed Muhammad Aftab Muhammad Essa Khalid Muhammad Khalid Hameed Muhammad Maqsood Khan Muhammad Shoaib Muhammad Waqar Murzooq Saleem Noor Nauman Altaf Roman Majeed Syed Ahmad Hassan Bukhari Waqar Ali Zain Qayyum Abdul Ghaffar ABDUL REHMAN Abdul Rehman ABDUL SHAKOOR Abrar Anwar ABRAR JAMIL ADEEL AHMED ADEEL IRSHAD ADNAN SHAUKAT Aftab Shaukat Ahmed Zeeshan Ahsan Mahmud AIMEN BASHIR ALI AUN ALI EHSAN MANJ ALI EJAZ ALI HAMED ALI MEHBOOB ALI USMAN BASHIR Allah Ditta Shahid Ameer Hamza ANAM ALVI ANAM MOOSA Anam Ullah Aneel Shahzad ANUM INTISAR ANUM JAVED ARSLAN RAZZAQ CNIC 3310226618167 3310114158887 3530374620369 3830212044729 3310246045471 3640282454573 3310068099318 3310208917468 3430126117362 3110248981000 3660180459853 3660119940117 3210224181181 3310054615453 3660215126755 3430288411671 3310221134839 3310286092337 3310267032475 3330104275587 3130374936045 3530220857361 3310031746769 3520130546281 3540489657861 3230412338735 3310206565785 3310425262179 3510288617907 3310002339509 3310271578631 3310330195673 3410434351359 3310694673473 3310266881555 3310094300496 3550103015009 3410316103425 3410254910063 3640240257955 3310280974795 3310365417863...

Words: 32408 - Pages: 130