Free Essay

Team

In:

Submitted By aryanalynn14
Words 783
Pages 4
PENGENALAN
Kerja berpasukan kini menjadi satu cara bekerja di kebanyakan organisasi kerana ia boleh mempengaruhi kejayaan sesebuah organisasi. Perubahan struktur, budaya dan proses kerja dalam organisasi yang pantas berubah semakin mendesak organisasi supaya mementingkan kerja berpasukan. Lebih-lebih lagi terdapat banyak faktor luaran yang boleh menjejaskan prestasi organisasi (Owen, 1996). Oleh itu adalah mustahil bagi pengurus organisasi mengawal dan menangani semua masalah tersebut secara bersendirian. Di sinilah penglibatan, kerjaxsama serta sokongan daripada semua pekerja diperlukan sebagai satu pasukan kerja.
DEFINISI PASUKAN
Pasukan terdiri daripada sekumpulan individu, sekurang-kurangnya dua orang ahli yang komited untuk mencapai matlamat yang sama dan bekerja bersama untuk menghasilkan kerja yang berkualiti (Francis dan Young, 1979). Menurut Adair (1984), pasukan adalah terdiri daripada individu yang berkongsi matlamat dan melakukan kerja yang memerlukan kemahiran yang saling melengkapi antara satu sama lain. Dalam sesebuah pasukan, setiap ahli adalah saling bergantungan antara satu sama lain untuk mencapai objektif yang telah ditetapkan (Dyer, 1995). Istilah ‘pasukan’ berbeza dengan istilah ‘kumpulan’. Kumpulan terdiri daripada kelompok individu yang tidak mempunyai kepentingan dan peluang yang sama secara signifikan. Ahli-ahli kumpulan bekerja bersendirian, menerima arahan daripada ketua dan tidak terlibat di dalam sesuatu perancangan. Hal ini keranadalam kumpulan persetujuan dan mematuhi arahan di anggap lebih penting daripada terlibat dalam menentukan keputusan dan tindakan. Sebaliknya, di dalam pasukan setiap ahli memiliki kemahiran dan kebolehan yang saling melengkapi. Mereka menyedari bahawa komitmen dan peranan mereka penting untuk kkejayaan organisasi. Justeru, mereka bekerja di dalam persekitaran yang saling mempercayai. Hal ini membolehkan mereka menyuarakan pendapat dan idea melalui perbincangan dan setiap masah diselesaikan bersama. Menurut Benton (1998), pasukan kerja yang efektif dipengaruhi oleh saiznya. Dua orang di dalam satu pasukan mungkin efektif, namun saiz yang paling baik adalah antara dua hingga tujuh orang. Bagi kumpulan pula saiznya tidak ditetapkan dan sering berubah. Walaupun saiz sesebuah pasukan boleh mengalami perubahan, tetapi ia masih lagi mempunyai hubungan yang stabil bagi membolehkan setiap ahlinya bersama dan berfungsi sebagai sebuah pasukan (Greenberg & Baron, 1997). Kerja berpasukan pula didefinisikan sebagai dua atau lebih orang yang bekerja bersama dengan matlamat yang sama, di mana individu saling berinteraksi dengan bentuk perhubungan yang stabil dan mengakui diri mereka sebagai ahli pasukan (Ingram, 1996). Ia merupakan gabungan usaha, pengetahuan, kemahiran dan kebolehan yang dilakukan untuk menghasilkan prestasi kerja yang melebihi output sekiranya dilakukan secara bersendirian. Melalui kerja berpasukan, organisasi dapat meningkatkan hasil tanpa meningkatkan sumber (Ab. Aziz, 2000).

PENGARUH PASUKAN TERHADAP KEEFEKTIFAN ORGANISASI
Menurut ahli sosiologi, manusia adalah makhluk sosial yang tidak boleh hidup bersendirian dan melakukan segala kerja tanpa bantuan orang lain. Dalam kehidupan kita sememangnya dituntut untuk bekerja secara berpasukan. Para sarjana mengakui bahawa tiada satu disiplin pun yang dapat memberikan jawapan kepada masalah-masalah dalam hubungan manusia. Hanya melalui gabungan dan koordinasi pengetahuan serta kemahiran dalam semua disiplin, manusia dapat memenuhi keperluan tersebut (Garner & Oreleve, 1994). Lebih-lebih lagi dalam persekitaran globalisasi pada hari ini yang amat menuntut organisasi meningkatkan prestasinya supaya boleh bersaing dalam pasaran. Struktur organisasi tradisional sememangnya tidak lagi berupaya bertindak balas untuk memenuhi keperluan pasaran. Bagi menangani fenomena ini, bermula tahun 1980-an kebanyakan organisasi mula beralih kepada konsep kerja berpasukan (Shonk, 1992). Kerja berpasukan semakin dipentingkan dari hari ke hari. Rees (1994) menegaskan bahawa kebanyakan pengurus sukar untuk membuat perancangan dan keputusan yang efektif serta efisyen tanpa penglibatan lain-lain pekerja. Menurut Rees (1994) lagi bahawa satu per tiga organisasi perniagaan hari ini mengalami kegagalan dalam tahun pertama operasinyakerana gagal membentuk kerja berpasukan. Namun, jumlah kegagalan organisasi ini semakin berkurangan apabila kebanyakannya mula mempraktikkan kerja berpasukan (Twomey & Kleiner, 1996). Menurut Osterman (dalam Kline, 1999) lebih 50% organisasi moden hari ini telah mempraktikkan kerja berpasukan. Pengaruh kerja berpasukan terhadap kejayaan organisasi terbukti melalui kecemerlangan yang dicapai beberapa syarikat terkemuka di dunia yang mempraktikkannya. General Electric Plant’s, North Carolina Berjaya meningkatkan produktiviti sehingga 250%. Syarikat Hotel Ritz-Carlton (RCHC) Berjaya mengurangkan kadar pusing ganti pekerja dalam organisasi (Cheryl, 1995), manakala Motorola’s Land Mobile Products Sector ILO2 Facility pula meraih pelbagai anugerah hasil daripada kerja berpasukan. Sehubungan dengan itu, Garner dan Orelove (1995) menyatakan bahawa ketiadaan kerja berpasukan dalam sektor perkhidmatan akan mengakibatkan berlakunya ketidakcekapan, kesilapan serta pelaksanaan kerja yang tidak konsisten. Setiap pekerja memeliki kelebihan dan kekurangan yang tersendiri. Hanya melalui perkongsian kemahiran, pengalaman serta pengetahuan , masalah yang kompleks dapat diselesaikan dengan mudah dan efektif (Twomey, 1996). Apabila semua pekerja menyedari Tanggungjawab masing-masing tgerhadap pasukannya, bukan sahaja organisasi beroleh manfaat, bahkan ia memeberikan kepuasan kerja kepada pekerja (Mokhtar, 1999).

KESIMPULAN
Berdasarkan huraian yang telah dikemukakan, jelaslah bahawa kerja berpasukan adalah faktor penting yang mempengaruhi prestasi organisasi dan merupakan alternatif utama uantuk menanagani pelbagai permasalahan kompleks dalam organisasi. Namun, kajian terhadap bidang ini amat kurang, terutamanya yang mempengaruhi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya (Butterfield & Pendegraff, 1996).

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Team of Teams

...Ayla Kohler Professor Golden Executive Forum CRN 97499 December 3rd, 2015 General McChrystal’s book, Team of Teams, contains chapters with examples of war and business strategies that provide valuable lessons.  I will present seven important lessons that stood out to me in the book, Team of Teams. In the first chapter a practical lesson the author addresses is understanding the environment an opposing force operates in and adapting to that environment to overcome the challenge. Overall we must embrace change, it does not matter how well you can play a game, if you’re not playing an opponent, you will never win. A well known company that is a perfect example that absolutely failed to embrace this lesson, is Blockbuster. Blockbuster failed to adapt and change to the technology their customers demanded. They were excellent at offering movie rentals, they had a wide selection and affordable prices but their competitors were changing to the environment and profited, whole Blockbuster went bankrupt. A second lesson that is important to remember in any industry is that efficiency is necessary but not sufficient. An example McChrystal gives is the construction of the “Maginot Line, the modern day Chinese Wall”. Although its purpose was to avoid trench warfare it was insufficient to airplanes and new tech tanks. France was the host country of the Maginot Line and surrendered after only two months during World War two. A third lesson McChrystal explains is “ in spite of our increased...

Words: 783 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Team

...Team and Team Working – Practical Prescription or Problematic Panacea Complication: * Lack of ownership at all levels within the team * Lack of visibility on tracking delivery * Lack of team cohesion Result: * Generic goals therefore lack of focus * Too many layers of team hierarchy leading to overlapping roles and responsibility * Degrading quality of deliveries * Loss of productivity and margins The above has been used as a working example in the essay which aims to discuss what makes an effective delivery team and enables productive teamwork in an IT service company (described in the previous section). Team and Teamwork Team (Together Everyone Achieves More). A team can be said to be comprising of a group of people linked in a common purpose. Team for some is a four lettered word which at times is used too much or too less. The business definition of teamwork relates to the collective decision making processes that lead to goal oriented relationships formed between all participants. Generally, what is required from teams are the integration of work from the people involved, the generation of motives and solutions to the problem concentrated on, high involvement, team leadership and continuous encouragement. In an interview with J. Richard Hackman by Daine Coutu published in Harvard Business Review, May 2009, the discussion reveals that teams and teamwork may not always work. Problems with co-ordination, keeping motivation...

Words: 1989 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Teams

...Team-two or more people who work interdependtly over some time period to accomplish common goals related to some task oriented purpose special type of group deeper dependence work teams-permanent, produce a good or service, full time commitment management teams- permanent, coordinating activities of organizational subunits parallel teams- members from various jobs, recommendations to managers project team- one time tasks, complex, lots of input, action team- limited in duration, highly visible, challenging task interdependence- degree to which team members interact with and rely on other team members for information, materials, and resources needed to accomplish work for the team. Pooled interdependence- lowest degree of required coordinattion, work completed independently and then pooled together to represent group's output sequential interdependence- different tasks done in a prescribed order, interact with person next to you in sequence recipricol interdependence- specialized to perform sepcific tasks, interact with subset of other members to complete work comprehensive interdependence- requires highest level of interaction and coordination, disrection with what you do and who you interact with in course of collaboration goal interdependence- shared vision of goal, formalized mission statement outcome interdependence- share in rewards, pay, formal feedback, recognition team composition- mix of ppl who make up the team role- behaviors person is expected...

Words: 357 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Teams

...Teams Alexandria Aguirre Dr. Nate CotePrinciples of Supervision 1 (D50)Dona Ana Community College | What are teams? Why are they important? When you think about teamwork, you may recognize effective, productive teams. You may also recognize groups of individuals who have been put together to work on a task who just don't seem to make the same progress. Your answer as to what a team is may be working together with other people to figure out a problem; and you are exactly correct. Teams are better in some situations, but not necessary needed in all. In fact, they may have some disadvantages that are inappropriate for the work place. Teams typically outperform individuals when the tasks being done require multiple skills, judgment, and experience, but when the individual isn’t a team player, teams are just about as good as the individual himself. (Robbins and DeCenzo 275-84) Many times, teams are often confused with groups. Teams and groups are similar, but not completely. What differentiates both is that in a team, the members are committed to a common purpose, have a set of specific performance goals, and hold themselves equally responsible for the team’s results. A group is individuals working interdependent who come together to reach a particular objective. There are four types of teams that carry different level of effectiveness. They are: a working group, a pseudo team, a potential team, and a real team. In a working group, there is no work or opportunity to engage...

Words: 1091 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Team, Collaboration and Team Members

...TEAM, COLLABORATION AND TEAM MEMBERS None of us are as smart as all of us; this is a Japanese proverb which is perhaps at the heart of why different people with diverse identities, distinct cultures and value systems come together in order to achieve a desired outcome. Humans are by nature the primordial team players. Our uniquely complex social relationships have served as a crucial survival advantage for us coupled with co-operation. This view of human relationships and co-operation in evolution is perhaps a radical rethinking of just what the famous phrase “Survival of the Fittest” means wherein today the definition of the term “fittest” is gradually taking the form of this esoteric quality of a group or an individual to consistently deliver. It is believed that more knowledge has been generated in the twentieth century alone than in all of the history before and the rate of increase continues to accelerate as we enter the twenty first century and as a result the network or team of people to whom we can reach out for information and expertise is vital. We’ve come to depend on the group mind as never before. Subsequently in today’s workplace, this interdependence is a fundamental fact and as much as all of us would like to rely on ourselves, each of us has only a part of the information or expertise we need to get our jobs done and efficiently. Therefore if we do have to work in teams, the logical question that arises is “What does an ideal team comprise of?” Is it made up...

Words: 1497 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Real Teams

...paper on REAL TEAMS Sagar. Ashok. Kulkarni MBA – 151202084 07/12/2015 REAL TEAMS Abstract The purpose of this paper is to review the research on how real teams are formed within an organizational environment and what challenges are faced during its formation and various other issues. Methodology/approach Douglas Smith there are basically five types of teams, each with a different level of performance and effectiveness and a real team is among those five types of teams. These five types of teams namely: 1. A working group/team 2. The Pseudo-Team A wide range of published works by 3. Potential Team renowned scholars which have analysed 4. Real Team the concept of real teams in excessive 5. High Performance Team detail and how effectively the team works in the current business scenario even though the concept of teams has been around us since ancient times of monarch to the current democratic form of working. These are the various types or we can also say how a team develops over a certain period of time. Performance Impact High performance team Keywords Real teams, Team task, stability of Real Team membership, impact of real teams, real teams and enabling conditions of team effectiveness. Introduction: As we know that a team consists of two or Working Group Potential Team -------------------------Pseudo Team more people with a common purpose or goal to achieve. A real team is just not formed...

Words: 2237 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Team and Groups

...Groups and Teams Before taking this course the student always thought groups and teams were the same, but she has realized even though, these two terms do have some similarities they also have some differences. In this paper the student will explain the differences between groups and teams, examine the importance of workplace diversity in an organization, and how it relates to team dynamics in the workplace. A work group is a collection of people working in similar areas and placed together to complete a task. Groups performance is the outcome of people coming together to share information views and insights. Members of groups have a mutual purpose. As members gather together, each brings a different personal perspective and style to the table. As the members share information, they begin the decision-making processes that help each member perform his or her particular responsibility. The two main types of groups are formal groups and informal groups. A formal group is designed around an organizations formal structure. An informal group is not structured and is normally formed out of a social need (Schermerhorn Jr, Hunt, & Osborn, 2008). (Good ) Teams are groups, but teams are a distinct separation of groups. A team is a reduced number of people with corresponding skills and committed to a common purpose, a set of performance goals and an approach for which they hold themselves accountable. (Good) Teams start out as groups; (Always???) they share some of the same beginning...

Words: 578 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Group and Teams

...Groups and Teams Paper The future world of management is relying on Groups and Teams, who can function in a business setting for productive success. However, if using the managing skills correctly Teams and Groups may evolve into an effective high performing organization. The effort of writing this paper is to enlighten readers on the difference between Groups and Teams dynamical functioning. Nevertheless, with the provision of exclusive examination this paper will further bring out the importance of workplace diversity in an organizational environment; and team dynamics in the workplace. The most effective way to help readers understand the difference between Groups and Teams begins with defining the two organizations for clarity. The definition of a” Group is a small group of people with complementary skills in which a leader’s goal and approach; and are willing to be held accountable by the leader” (Mackin, 2007). Groups attainments are approached by the leader’s goals for dominate support. The accountability of a group is thrives on individual accountability. However, the viewpoints of leaders are for the production of its organization the supervisor has input. Subsequently group decisions are made by voting rather than members acquiring any input. However, “a team is a small group of people with complementary skills and abilities with common goals and approaches for which they hold each other accountable” (Mackin, 2007). Teams require structure and support, aside from...

Words: 734 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Performance Teams

...businesses in view of the fact that groups and teams are becoming common amongst businesses. A high-level of performance makes up the foundation for groups and teams in the present day. The compilation of thoughts, wisdom, and skill of diverse people is better than that of one individual. From problem solving to innovation, companies have put their faith in the high-performances of groups and teams to put ones company in front the rest. This essay will discuss how a group can become a high-performance team, the impact of demographic characteristics and cultural diversity on group behavior and how demographic characteristics and cultural diversity detract from high-performance teams. Demographic characteristics typically are composed of age, gender, ethnic group, education level, and work experience. According to research, these characteristics can be categorized into two groups, visibility and job relatedness or informational. Visibility demographics consist of gender, age, plus ethnicity. Job relatedness demographics consist of differences in education levels and work experience (Jhen, K., 2000). The difference between these two groups is significant since visible demographics are not as pertinent to a certain job however; these mold individuals, insights, plus manners. Individuals frequently use visible characteristics to categorize others, which can cause antagonism, nervousness, and typecasting. The first insights made by team members can frequently indicate the value and...

Words: 1270 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Groups and Teams

...Groups and Teams Kit Sumpter MGT/307 May 2, 2011 Randall Voss Groups and Teams Each and every individual is important to their company and every company delegates different individuals to different tasks, groups, or teams. Many people do not emphasize the difference between a group and a team; in fact they often do not think about it or even realize that there is one but in business there is a great difference. The following pages will go into more detail to explain the differences and their importance and how workplace diversity plays a key role in teamwork within the workplace. There is no doubt that more often than not, an objective is more easily reached if there is more than one individual is working towards it. According to Schermerhorn, Hunt, and Osborn ( 2008), “A group is a collection og two or more people who work with one another regularly to achieve common goals.” In essence you could say that the entire company is a group. They don’t necessarily all work on the project of the company itself (for example the janitor), but they all work within the group to ensure the process runs as smooth as possible and each member is important to the whole. A group does not always pertain to a company though; it can be reading groups or even a non-profit organization such as those for the disabled. The latter is considered a formal group (Schermerhorn et al., 2008). “A team is a small group of people with complementary skills who work actively together...

Words: 723 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Managing Teams

...The Management of teams within organizations is vital in assuring that all required tasks are completed to a satisfactory level. A team is a small number of people with complementary skills who hold themselves mutually accountable for pursuing a common purpose; achieving performance goals and improving interdependent work processes. Teams within companies are often used for a number of reasons; regularly when there is a clear purpose or job that needs attending to, which requires more than one individual to complete the task at hand. The size of the task, time given to reach a goal or even the overall difficulty of the job, are all examples as to why teams may be assembled to assure all standards are met. Although it seams that the use of teams is beneficial to the organization, this isn’t always the case. If a team is assigned to smaller tasks, which can be completed by an individual, this takes employees away from their other jobs ultimately resulting in a loss of productivity. Nor should a team be used if there are scarce resources as this has the probable outcome of conflict over who gets to use what, which again leads to low productivity. Using teams in various ways proves to have many advantages to an organization if these teams jell together with little to no conflict. Increasing customer satisfaction, improvement in product and service quality, increasing speed and efficiency in product development and an increase in job satisfaction to employees are just...

Words: 473 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Team Solutions

...Stanley, B. (2014). Team Science: A Matter of Trust? American Psychological Association, 45(7), 44-44. Scientists and researchers are collaborating more than ever in team environments, and certain relationships and trusts must be established with a common goal in sight. Efficiency and the expedition of new developments is the main objective of forming new workgroups. Different components of the process may not all be in the same location, so team members must have confidence that their co-workers are thorough and ethical in their findings for the group. In some cases, teams will rely on the information produced elsewhere to complete their section of the assignment, so this trust has become more vital than ever. Team members pay close attention to detail when selecting those needed to contribute to the project, as the work of others will directly reflect on them as well. Keywords: Trust, efficiency, reliable, ethical, attention to detail Woolley, A., Bear, J., & DeConstanza, A. (2013). The effects of team strategic orientation on team process and information search. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 114-126. Strategic orientation within teams determines the methods in which members are likely to interpret information, contribute to research, and assess different possibilities or obstacles. More specifically, strategic orientation portrays the overall attitude of the group as being either offensive or defensive with individual decision making. This...

Words: 424 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Groups and Teams

...Groups and Teams Teams and Groups This paper will explain the differences between a group and a team as well as the importance of workplace diversity in an organization and how it relates to team dynamics in the workplace. The importance of groups and teams within the workplace is essential to understand the meaning of both terms. Groups Groups is a collection of individuals who have regular contact and frequent interaction, mutual influence, common feelings of camaraderie, and who work together to achieve a common set of goals (Business Dictionary.com, 2010). Forming a group based on surrounding personalities and behavior is not difficult, although the effectiveness of groups may vary. A group's interpersonal dynamics can range from compatibility to intolerance, which could make consensus building difficult for leadership. In-group there is separate characteristics of every individual working with the group. This means every individual has his or her own job to perform. Teams Teams are a group of people with a full set of complementary skills required to complete a task, job, or project (Business Dictionary.com, 2010). Team members operate with a high degree of interdependence, share authority and responsibility for self-management, are accountable for collective performance, and work toward a common goal and shared reward (Business Dictionary.com, 2010). A team offers skills that are advantages...

Words: 601 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Being On A Team

...What are the benefits on being on a team? The benefits on being on a team is they can help you out you can depend on them. You can have fun with your friends and family. Being on a team is amazing, having fun and having a more of chance of winning. Your team are always having your back when you need it and you can accomplish more with them For example, I was in a soccer team before. It was amazing I was having fun and learning more with them as we go. It was joyful in practice they will help you we you need it. They will get you better before you stared and you are meeting new friends. When you are stuck, they will help you push forward and move on and you never are stuck on what you it need help with. However, there still many team out there...

Words: 274 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Working with Teams

...Working with Teams HCA 230 March 16, 2014 Linda Jones Working with Teams Inaccurate coding and patient information are slowing down production and delaying payments to the doctor. This team plan report will explain how a new process will be implemented. As director of the billing department, I created a process to help solve problems on this issue. A team will be assembled to solve problems due to the fact that the current process is not working and losing productivity. We need to find where the error is and recoup the loss revenue; this will be our goal. The front office personnel that checks in a patient upon arrival is the first person to question. Once the insurance card and demographic page are obtained, that information needs to be compared to the information on file to ensure that it is accurate, and up to date, this is an important step. At every visit take a copy of the insurance card. This does not change even if the patient was just in a few weeks ago, this is to establish a quality routine. Now the front office needs to check with the insurance carrier to see if a referral is needed. Not all insurance carriers require a referral for a family practice; however some have advantages when they use a doctor in the network. The medical assistant will ask the patient the reason for the visit when they are in the examining room. The medical assistant is to write down the information...

Words: 1116 - Pages: 5