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Electricidad sonora: la música del futuro

Javier Sánchez Reyes
Taller de Redacción
Maestra Rocío Castellano
Electricidad sonora: la música del futuro

Desde que resonó por primera vez en el oído humano, con su poder para introducirse en la conciencia y crear estímulos, la música ha sido un elemento fundamental para el entretenimiento y placer en la vida diaria de las personas. Esta expresión artística convive y es influenciada por el contexto histórico y social de su época, convirtiéndola en un elemento que cambia a partir de los eventos o situaciones que la rodean. Tan evidente es esto que numerosas épocas modernas se identifican con un género musical que la mayoría de las personas disfrutaban escuchar en ese entonces. También está ligada, en contextos cercanos al nuestro, con avances tecnológicos que se aplican a la música mediante la experimentación de nuevos sonidos y la aceptación de las tecnologías en el ámbito cotidiano, resultando en la creación de nuevos géneros musicales. De esta experimentación surge uno de los géneros que no dependen de los instrumentos clásicos para crear armonías: la música electrónica. Desde sus inicios; los sintetizadores formaban parte importante para la composición de las piezas , estos nuevos instrumentos contaban con la capacidad de crear de manera digital sonidos que los diferentes objetos musicales clásicos no producían de manera natural; creando así un instrumento innovador disponible a precios accesibles para la mayoría de la población. A partir de esto, la música electrónica comienza a formar parte de los intereses experimentales de los músicos, ávidos por encontrar nuevas maneras de comunicar sus composiciones. Como resultado; surge en Alemania un dúo interesado desde sus inicios por la improvisación y las nuevas tecnologías ,los cuales deciden ,después de seis años de experimentación, aplicar al sintetizador la utilización de diferentes instrumentos clásicos creando así la nueva frontera musical que los futuros artistas deberían romper. Decidieron autodenominarse Kraftwerk palabra que significa central eléctrica en alemán haciendo alusión a los sonidos que estaban creando mediante la utilización de nuevas tecnologías que dependían de la electricidad. Después del éxito de Kraftwerk devino una oleada de pioneros en la creación de géneros que se podrían identificar con la entonces naciente escena de la música electrónica, dentro de los cuales es importante mencionar al padre del house Frankie Knuckles. La innovación se produce cuando Frankie comienza a utilizar un instrumento electrónico conocido como drum machine, el cual se emplea para replicar percusiones mediante la presión de diferentes botones, los cuales contienen un sonido específico. Esto, aunado a la creciente audiencia que comenzaba a apreciar la música electrónica, dio pie a la búsqueda y creación de nuevas tecnologías en aras del desarrollo del género. Al explotar su popularidad ,en todas su diferentes expresiones, las compañías que producían sintetizadores comenzaron a incorporar nuevas tecnologías que permitieran llevar la ya explotada experimentación musical hacia otros niveles a partir de la inclusión de diferentes filtros y moduladores que alteraban la apariencia sonora de un producto musical. Algunos de estos aditivos a la interfaz sonora de los sintetizadores llevaron a la creación de nuevos géneros dentro de la música electrónica, uno de ellos fue el denominado Trance, el cual, utilizaba una nueva aplicación; en el innovador Roland JP-8000. Este Instrumento revolucionó la música electrónica al incorporar una nueva onda sonora llamada Supersaw, la cual permitía producir un arpegio característico, utilizado por primera vez por los productores trance. Las nuevas tecnologías continuaban desarrollándose a finales del siglo XX creando nuevos elementos especializados que no fueron pensados como instrumentos de creación musical, sin embargo, los productores de música electrónica y su naturaleza experimental comenzaron a explotarlos para la elaboración de nuevas armonías. Uno de los productos más importantes de esta vorágine creativa y científica es, sin duda alguna, la computadora. Con un historial extenso de investigación y desarrollo; la computadora comenzó a revolucionar la música de maneras inusitadas y extravagantes. A partir de su incorporación en el ámbito creativo y artístico empezaron a ser evidentes los diferentes errores presentes en los sistemas que integraban el producto. Músicos experimentales comenzaron a observar estos errores o fallas en el sistema como una manera de expresar una estética basada en la inexistencia de la perfección y comenzaron a desarrollar un género musical denominado glitch. Este género ha sido muy recurrente en los últimos años por proporcionar sonidos y ruidos que no tienen una estructura definida, al provenir de una máquina que los genera de manera accidental o errónea, y al posicionarse como una fuente inagotable de los mismos. La música electrónica ha sido un resultado accidental en la creación de nuevas tecnologías útiles para nuestra civilización, sin embargo, es de los pocos géneros musicales que parece adaptarse a una constante natural del ser humano: la experimentación. Sea objeto tecnológico, instrumental o diferentes aditivos a los mismos, la curiosidad de los artistas parece estar siempre al acecho de las posibilidades infinitas que estos nuevos productos les brindan, creando así, una corriente musical que estará vigente mientras la humanidad siga produciendo tecnología.

Bibliografía
A history of dance music. 11 2013. The Guardian .Web 11 2013
"Frankie Knuckles." Discogs. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Dic. 2013.
"Kraftwerk.com." Kraftwerk.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Dic. 2013.
"House Music." Pressure Radio Deep Soulful House Music RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Dic. 2013.
"Investigación Sonora Y Creación Musical." Glitch Music. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Dic. 2013.

--------------------------------------------
[ 1 ]. El dúo se formó en 1968 en Dusseldorf, Alemania pero no fue hasta 1974, con el álbum Autobahn que comenzaron con el uso exclusivo de los sintetizadores y “maquinas de sonidos digitales”.
[ 2 ]. Género musical dentro de la música electrónica que surge a mediados de 1980. Contiene influencia del jazz, soul y R&B.
[ 3 ]. Sintetizador análogo lanzado al mercado en 1997.

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