...3G, short for third Generation, is a term used to represent the 3rd generation of mobile telecommunications technology. Also called Tri-Band 3G. This is a set of standards used for mobile devices and mobile telecommunication services and networks that comply with the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifications by the International Telecommunication Union.[1] 3G finds application in wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV. Several telecommunications companies market wireless mobile Internet services as 3G, indicating that the advertised service is provided over a 3G wireless network. Services advertised as 3G are required to meet IMT-2000 technical standards, including standards for reliability and speed (data transfer rates). To meet the IMT-2000 standards, a system is required to provide peak data rates of at least 200 kbit/s (about 0.2 Mbit/s). However, many services advertised as 3G provide higher speed than the minimum technical requirements for a 3G service. Recent 3G releases, often denoted 3.5G and 3.75G, also provide mobile broadband access of several Mbit/s to smartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers. The following standards are typically branded 3G: the UMTS system, first offered in 2001, standardized by 3GPP, used primarily in Europe, Japan, China (however with a different radio interface) and other regions predominated by GSM 2G system infrastructure. The cell...
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...the capability to perform many different functions. When it comes to cell phones there are two major networks available, 3G and 4G. The "G" stands for a generation of mobile technology, installed in phones and on cellular networks. Each "G" generally requires you to get a new phone, and for networks to make expensive upgrades. The first two were analog cell phones (1G) and digital phones (2G).(Segan, 2013) Third-generation mobile networks, or 3G, came to the U.S. in 2003. With minimum consistent Internet speeds of 144Kbps, 3G was supposed to bring "mobile broadband." There are now so many varieties of 3G that a 3G connection can get you Internet speeds anywhere from 400Kbps to more than ten times that. (Segan, 2013) While most of us are used to getting high speed Internet connections at home, the office or even the local coffee shop, once we are on the road those high speeds have to stay behind. With 4G the promise is that you can get real mobile broadband to go. (Vilches, 2010) There are two fundamental aspects of LTE. The first is that the technology finally leaves behind the circuit switched network of its GSM roots and moves to an all-IP flat networking architecture. This is a significant shift which in very simple terms means that LTE will treat everything it transmits, even voice, as data. The other big change relates to the use of MIMO technology, or multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver end to improve communication performance. This setup can either...
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...3G Technology 3G is the next generation of technology which has revolutionized the telecommunication industry. Apart from increasing the speed of communication, the objective of this technology is to provide various value added services like video calling, live streaming, mobile internet access, IPTV, etc on the mobile phones. These services are possible because the 3G spectrum provides the necessary bandwidth. Technically speaking 3G is a network protocol which refers to the generations of mobile phones and telecommunication equipments which are compatible with the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) standards stated by International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The basic requirement for compiling to IMT-2000 standards is that the technology should provide peak data rates of at least 200 Kbit/s. It’s worth mentioning that speed isn’t the only criteria for deciding whether the network protocol is 3G or not. 3G isn’t just any high speed network but a protocol which has its own standards defined under IMT-2000 by ITU. 3G Technology is designed for multimedia communication. It provides services like higher data transfer rates. One of its key visions is to provide seamless global roaming, enabling users to move across borders while using the same number and handset. According to ITU it is expected that IMT-2000 will provide higher transmission rates: a minimum speed of 2Mbit/s for stationary or walking users, and 348kbit/s in a moving vehicle. Importance...
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...htm What is 3G spectrum? How does it help It's boom time for mobile phones in India [ Images ]. And people are looking forward to more information, faster data access and multimedia services through their mobile phones. 3G technology is here to turn this dream into reality. It's a technology anxiously awaited by telecom operations and subscribers in India. How long do you have to wait? Not very long! India is all set to launch 3G mobile telephone services by June 2007. According to Telecom Regulatory Authority of India chairman Nripendra Misra, a total of 32.5 MHz is available for allocation within the next 6-9 months. Trai has also recommended auctioning 200 MHz for broadband wireless access services like Wimax (worldwide interoperability for microwave access) and has proposed a national frequency management board to oversee spectrum availability and its efficient use. He hopes that the allocated spectrum would be enough for the next two years and said Trai would recommend freeing up more spectrum for those who lose out in this auction. So what is 3G spectrum all about? Read on. What is spectrum? Radio spectrum refers to a range of radio frequencies. The bandwidth of a radio signal is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies of the signal. For example, in the case of a voice signal having a minimum frequency of 200 hertz (Hz) and a maximum frequency of 3,000 Hz, the bandwidth is 2,800 Hz (3 KHz). The amount of bandwidth needed for 3G services could...
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...communication technology in China Question: Trace how technology has changed communication in your country over the past 20 years. With the development of technology, the changes in communication have a pivotal impact on various areas. Definitely, advanced technology is the main driver of these changes. Not only the way of communication has changed, but also the content and means of communication have evolved. The aim of this essay is to examine the evolution of communication technology in China and evaluate its impact on individuals and society. Before 1990s, the main technology applied in communication was called 1G, or the first-generation of wireless telephone technology (Rathod 2012). It transferred only voice data without being encrypted. The sound quality and the speed of transfer were in poor conditions as well. However, over the last 20 years, the quality of communication in China has increased significantly with the development of 2G, 3G and 4G communication technologies. In 1990s, the 2G technology was introduced. This abbreviation refers to digital voice systems, i.e. systems that transmit information via voice signals, which replaced early analog phones. 2G may be considered a revolutionary technology as it not only improved communication, but also contributed positively to public health. In terms of communication, 2G devices secured privacy, which means the data will be encrypted before transferring. What is more, this digital technology allowed...
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...Help * ------------------------------------------------- Dissertation examples ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form The free essay examples that we publish on UK Essays have been submitted to us by students. These essays are not the work of our own expert essay writers. Thanks to all of the students that have submitted their work to us. READ MORE Share & download: Print Download Email Free Essays - Communications Essays 3G: Sophistication Guaranteed Telecommunications evolution is undergoing a rapid vamp to the future; the evolution is almost exponential, from the analog types to 2Gs and then finally the latest mobile innovation the 3G technology. The 3G techie is the latest on-stream line of communications which offers advanced voice communications and high-speed data connectivity, with wireless Internet access, mobile data applications and high multimedia content. The 3G model embodies true sophistication in terms of mobile technology but why was this phrase used to describe it? To answer this an...
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...The full form of 3G is Third Generation, 3G stands for the third generation network that is presently the most advanced interface available in the field of communication and network. BSNL being a govt. owned company, was the first to introduce this technology in India. 3G provides a great platform that is studded with highly advanced features like : * Better sound quality in calls * High speed data transfer over the internet * High end connectivity * Direct video streaming facility from the internet * Feature of video calling to any 3G enabled mobile phones containing a camera for video calling and many more such features are there. All this is easily available at quite affordable prices. Now that the private companies have also come up with the launch of 3G networks, the charges of this advanced service are been hoped to get down soon. 3G is the next generation feature that provides new aspects to the use of networks for Internet as well as calling purposes. The introductory part of subject under investigation contains the following: * Objectives of the Study * Significance of the Study * Sources of the study * Reason of choosing customer satisfaction of GP * Methodology of the study * Limitations of the Study Objectives of the study: This Program was designed to accomplish some objectives. The objectives were identified through a closer interaction and exchange of views with the users of 3G. The objectives are: * Application of 3G * Find out...
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...The technology of today’s cell phones is completely different since the inception of the wireless mobile device of the early 80s. The phones have transitioned from the old (1G) Vodafone analog phone which launched in 1985() to what is now known as the smart phones (3G and above). After the creation of the cellular devices, people who owned these devices were considered to be one of wealth. In today society, the cell phone has become a new toy. Today’s cell phone, it is what one would consider a hand held computer. These cellular devices can store data, send data, have virtual conference calls and other amenities like never before. With the creation of the 3G, 4G and the 4G, LTE, the speed, space and performance of the cellular devices has become the marketing tool for devices. In 2001, the 3rd generational Partnership Project (3G) network was introduced in Japan by NTT DOCOMO under the brand name of FOMA (freedom of Multimedia Access). The 3G network that is known today by Verizon customers is one of which that has been adopted globally. The CDMA2000 EV-DO is the latest version of the 3G network. The creation of the 3G network has created a multifaceted avenue upon which uploads, downloads are faster than the ordinary computer. A report created by Qualcomm stated that, “Handheld mobile Internet access is very popular in emerging markets because handsets are much more prevalent than PC (Qualcomm 2009)”. People are now able to access the internet and its contents by the touch...
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...Generation (2G) technology was launched in the year 1991 in Finland. It is based on the technology known as global system for mobile communication or in short we can say GSM. This technology enabled various networks to provide services like text messages, picture messages and MMS. In this technology all text messages are digitally encrypted due to which only the intended receiver receives message. These digital signals consume less battery power, so it helps in saving the battery of mobiles. The technologies used in 2G are either TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) which divides signal into different time slots or CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) which allocates a special code to each user so as to communicate over a multiplex physical channel. 3G technology generally refers to the standard of accessibility and speed of mobile devices. It was first used in Japan in the year 2001. The standards of the technology were set by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). This technology enables use of various services like GPS (Global Positioning System), mobile television and video conferencing. It not only enables them to be used worldwide, but also provides with better bandwidth and increased speed. This technology is much more flexible as it can support 5 major radio technologies that operate under CDMA, TDMA and FDMA. CDMA accounts for IMT-DS (direct speed), IMT-MC (multi carrier). TDMA holds for IMT-TC (time code), IMT-SC (single carrier). This technology is also...
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...and 1st generation satellite mobile systems. Evolution to the current generation mobile networks to 3G doesn't necessarily mean seamless upgradation to the existing infrastructure to the 3G. Evolution should also be seen in context of coexistence of the 2G and 3G networks for some time, with users able to roam across the new and the old networks, able to access 3G services wherever 3G coverage is available. As mentioned before, a 3G network can have one of the 3 optional air interfaces supporting one of the two GSM MAP and IS-41 network architectures. This results in a range of choices for the existing networks to evolve/migrate towards 3G. Possible convergence of TDMA and GSM networks with EDGE adds another variable to the overall migration paths. Another variable that adds complexity to this already complex list of options is the time frames involved. By the time some of the 2.5 or 2.75G technologies go to field, we may see the emergence of 3G technologies also. So, a lot of thought regarding the costs involved, and/or the viability of 2.5G technologies like EDGE could be questioned. The same is true about the time frames of the so called "4G". Before I talk about evolution/migration paths of all the existing 2G mobile wireless technologies, let me briefly discuss the 3G network architecture and other technology factors involved in the migration to 3G. 3G Architecture The 3G network will have a layered architecture, which will enable the efficient delivery of voice and data...
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...bandwidth, especially in terms of 3G service provision. Abis optimization can ameliorate this situation to some extent by enhancing transport efficiency, but the total value it generates remains in question. Theory of Abis optimization As 3G traffic continues to grow, operators must tackle the issue of higher bandwidth requirements. This has resulted in huge investments for network capacity expansion. With such high demands for bandwidth optimization, various technologies have been developed and applied to mobile backhaul networks—Abis is one of the many options available. Voice services remain a dominant commercial interest for mobile operators. Since GSM system differs from 3G UMTS systems in terms of voice service processing, Abis optimization technology has various effects. GSM system utilizes full-rate (FR) codes to process voice services, and occupies transmission bandwidth even during the mute period of the communication process. Abis optimization technology is designed to eliminate mute frames through its BTS interface. It can also multiply the unused timeslots. The mute frames are then recovered before the BSC, enhancing 2G service transport efficiency by an average of 60%, and even 80% in best case scenarios. On the other hand, 3G systems employ adaptive multi-rate (AMR) technology to process voice services. Since voice activation factors are introduced in coding, mute frames would not exist in service bandwidth. Thus, 3G service transport efficiency cannot...
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...com/comparing-2g-and-3g-technology-under.html 2. http://www.slideshare.net/hemanthcrpatna/project-report-on-brand-preference-of-mobile-phones-with-special-reference-to-motorola-phones(questionnaire)]’ 3. http://www.scribd.com/doc/2021570/Questionnaire-regarding-mobile-phone-usage 4. http://www.forbes.com/2006/08/12/microsoft-ibm-mobiledevices-cx_dh_0814smallbizresource.html-Six Mobile Innovations That Will Change Your Life 5. http://blogs.hbr.org/innovations-in-health-care/2011/03/david-aylward-the-mobile-phone.html -How mobiles can transform healthcare. 6. http://www.scalado.com/display/en/Innovations- innovations in camera technology. 7. http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Nokia-Mobiles---Style-And-Innovation-At-Your-Fingertips/2262004#ixzz26RafI3YL 8. http://techcrunch.com/2012/05/01/samsung-is-the-new-king-of-mobile/ Top of Form Receive news by e-mail [pic] Bottom of Form Menu • Home • What Is 2G Technology? • Comparing 2G And 3G Technology • How 2G Technology Works? • 2G Technology Capacity • New Developments In 2G Technologies • Disadvantages Of 2G Technologies • Advantages Of 2G Technology • Supporting 3G Networks With 2G Technologies • About Us [pic] http://www.2gprod.com/comparing-2g-and-3g-technology-under.html Comparing 2G And 3G Technology The prime focus of this page is comparing 2g and 3g technology and to understand...
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...technological advancements of today is allowing the average consumer to watch streaming videos; the technologies have come to the front from companies such as Ericsson and Alcatel-Lucent. These technologies will continue to amaze and amuse us like rides at an amusement park. Compare and Contrast 3G Wireless Networks to 4G Networks The comparisons and contrasts are laid out on blueprint papers and networks architectural layers in terms of services and applications, data throughput, and the end users perceptions. The differences in network architectural layout has its contrasts between the 3G and 4G networks, 3G networks are compiled of 1xrtt networks, CDMA 2000, along with the edge network. This observation comparison of the 4G network contrasts itself above the 3G network by increased data speeds, based on the network architectural cable wiring of the 3G network, and the fiber optic glass like tubes of a 4G network carrying thousands more data packets a second. The 4G networks, LTE, and LTE-advanced, WiMax2, advance themselves beyond the 3G networks, it’s like comparing and contrasting dial up speeds to high internet speeds at this point. The services and applications entertainment would start with3G attractions, mobile applications, streaming video and data applications became main-stream. (Smartphone 3G and 4G technology, heading paragraph: 4G: Up to 1Gbps.) With this 3G attraction there were mobile applications, and video content that required quicker bandwidth speeds...
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...Case Presentation On TELECOMMUNICATION IN BANGLADESH & 3.5G APPROACH OF ROBI AXIATA LTD. Name: Bijoy Mohajan ID: 3-11-21-050 Subject: International Marketing Telecom Market in Bangladesh The liberalization of Bangladesh’s telecommunications sector began with small steps in 1989 with the issuance of a license to a private operator for the provision of inter alia cellular mobile services to compete with the previous monopoly provider of telecommunications services the Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board (BTTB). Significant changes in the number of fixed and mobile services deployed in Bangladesh occurred in the late 1990s and the number of services in operation has subsequently grown exponentially in last decade. In 1996 Bangladesh had made a breakthrough in their communication sector by introducing Mobile telecommunication system. Citycell (Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Limited) is the first mobile communications company of Bangladesh. It is the only CDMA (Code division multiple access) network operator in the country. By 1996 it was named as Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Limited (PBTL) and launched the brand name “Citycell Digital” to market its cellular products. Grameenphone a GSM (global system of mobile communication)-based cellular operator has started operations on March 26, 1997. Aktel was the third mobile phone operator in Bangladesh launched in early 1998. Mobile...
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...Assignment 2: 3G wireless networks and 4G networks sweetie Professor: CLIFTON HOWELL CIS 500 February 03, 2014 INTRODUCTION For one to compare and contrast 3g versus a 4g network, we first have to define what a wireless network is. Radios are considered to be the most popular for wireless technologies. Wireless communication is transferred between multiple points which are not connected to an electrical conductor. Wireless is playing a big part in the cellular network communication field. Literally, on all the channels on TV it’s impossible to go 3 minutes without seeing advertisements from Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, and Sprint claiming to be the best network provider. Each cell phone provider promote their own version of 3g and 4g networks. Carriers do this to draw the attention to endorse their services and to bring in new customers. As a result, it makes it very difficult for consumes to make a choice between the competitors. Consumers make their choice between providers based upon the price and coverage which are both vital to most consumers. With all the promotions and dramatic advertising it can be hard to know the truths about each wireless company. In this paper 3G and 4G networks will be compared and contrasted, 4G LTE, 4G WiMAX and 4G WiBro networks and competition will be identified. Lastly, this paper will identify why the competition between the 4G LTE carriers has been so fierce. 3G and 4G Networks Technology has allowed advance speed to...
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