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Technology

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Submitted By carman1969
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Introduction

In a not so distant past, we had so many limitations to what we could do with computers and especially mobile devices like cell phones. Could you imagine 5 years ago being able to video conference from your phone that is small enough to fit in your pocket? I’m going to cover some of the technological advancements in mobile technology, as well as different Cpus and manufacturers in our ever so changing society.
In today’s society, technology moves at a very fast pace. So fast in fact, that a top of the line computer you buy today, could possibly, and more than likely be obsolete in a years’ time. You may have in fact bought a computer in 1998 for a mere $2200 that could have had a 450 MHz CPU, 128Mb ram, and an 8000Mb hard drive to say the least. Today that computer is basically useless compared to the advanced of today’s computers. A low-end computer today runs around $400. Technological advancement is at an all-time high.

Findings

The brain of a computer is called the CPU or central processing unit. In the past this varied in size, pin configuration, speed and shape, depending on its use and manufacturer. As years have gone by, these Cpu’s have become more sophisticated to say the least. We are now able to not only make them smaller and faster, but now we are able to incorporate more than one Cpu on a single chip. This is what is called a multi-core processor. It’s like taking multiple computers and harnessing the power into a single computer. Why might you ask do we need the multi-core processor? As our society grows, so does the need for more intense programs. We require more in-depth and more efficient applications. The need has arisen for things to be done much faster and more precise. The ability to work on multiple programs at once (also known as multi-tasking) has become an everyday occurrence in the workplace. We have the need to be more productive and more efficient. This alone fuels the need for more productive Cpu’s. A single-core Cpu has speed limitations. There is only so much it can do. So engineers designed the multi-core cpu. With these they achieve the much needed speed and power for power hungry programs. With these advancements also come drawbacks. Heat is a very big issue, along with power consumption. As most businesses have gone to laptops for mobility, these two problems had to be dealt with. The answer to this problem has somewhat been rectified by the use of new types of architectures. Architecture is how the chip is put together. Not only different types of materials are used, but the way the circuits are layered on the chip. Multi-core processing has become the mainstream in Cpu designs.

Intel and AMD are the two mainstream manufactures of Cpu’s. Intel produces many different flavors of multicore processors: Pentium D is used in desktop computers, while their Core 2 Duo is used in both desktop computers as well as in laptops. AMD on the other hand has the Athlon series Cpus in the desktop line up, and the Turion series processors for the laptop series. Each of these chips have their own characteristics that make them fit each application. The laptop processors are lower power consumption and less heat dissipation, while the desktop chips aren’t as delicate. The need for lower power consumption saves valuable battery life, while the lower heat dissipation help with longevity. There are many, many different styles and brands other than the ones mentioned. There have been a couple other manufactures of Cpu’s in the past, but they faded along the way, until now. With technology at its present state, we are able to incorporate a few of these processors into mobile devices such as cell phones, as well as tablet computers. These devices are much more portable than even laptops, making them the new wave of must haves! Mobile devices perform a wide variety of tasks such as Web browsing, video playback, mobile gaming, SMS text messaging, and location-based services. Due to the growth in the availability of high speed mobile and Wi-Fi networks, mobile devices will also be used for various performance-intensive tasks that were previously handled by traditional PCs. The next generation of smartphones (called “Super phones”) and tablets will be used for a wide variety of tasks such as playback of high definition 1080p videos, Adobe Flash-based online gaming,
Flash-based streaming high definition videos, visually rich gaming, video editing, simultaneous
HD video downloads, encode and uploads, and real-time HD video conferencing. Yes you heard me, the ability to video conference on your smartphone! What an innovation! No more need to be in the same office, we can now conference face-to-face with our phones. Imagine talking to someone in China from our town of Owosso, Michigan by not only voice but seeing them too. No more impersonal phone conversations. This is made possible by the new generation of mobile processors. The current generation of mobile processors is not designed to deal with this tidal wave of high performance use cases. The quality of experience on devices based on single core CPUs rapidly degrades when users run several applications concurrently, or run performance intensive applications such as games, video conferencing, video editing, and more. In order to improve CPU performance, engineers employ several techniques, such as using faster and smaller semiconductor processes, increasing core operating frequency and voltage, using larger cores, and using larger on-die caches. Even though engineers may be able to squeeze out higher performance by increasing frequency and voltage, the performance increase would drastically reduce battery life. In addition, processors that consume higher power would require larger cooling solutions resulting in an undesired expansion in device size. Therefore, increasing the operating frequency of the processor to meet the ever-increasing performance requirements of mobile applications is not a viable solution for the long run. To satisfy the rapidly growing demand for performance and form factor sleekness in mobile devices, the industry has begun to adopt newer technologies such as Symmetrical
Multiprocessing and Heterogeneous Multi-core computing. NVIDIA Tegra is the world’s most advanced mobile processor built from the ground up as a heterogeneous multi-core SoC
(System-On-a-Chip) architecture with two ARM Cortex A9 CPU cores and several other purpose-built cores to handle specialized tasks such as audio, video, and graphics. Purpose-built cores require fewer transistors, operate at lower frequencies, deliver higher performance, and consume much lower power than general purpose processing cores for tasks such as audio, video, and graphics processing. Nvidia has been a long time manufacture of video cards and computer chipsets, but this is a giant leap for them becoming the first dual-core mobile processor manufacturer. I have firsthand experience with this new Cpu as I own a smartphone that contains this technology, and it has been a very impressive experience working with it. To think, I have more processing power in my hand than even some desktop computers! It handles multi-tasking with ease. I’m able to surf the web, watch a video, even record HD video all from the palm of my hand. The videos it takes are amazing to say the least! Clarity, quality, sound, web-surfing, conferencing, and the vast amount of free apps available compound the user experience only available due to this tiny little chip inside a mobile device not much bigger than a credit card.

Conclusion

In conclusion, before multicore processors the performance increase from generation to generation was easy to see, an increase in frequency. This model broke when the high frequencies caused processors to run at speeds that caused increased power consumption and heat dissipation at detrimental levels. Adding multiple cores within a processor gave the solution of running at lower frequencies, but added interesting new problems. Multicore processors are an important innovation in the microprocessor timeline. With skilled programmers capable of writing parallelized applications multicore efficiency could be increased dramatically. In years to come we will see much in the way of improvements to these systems. These improvements will provide faster programs and a better computing experience. The world of multi-core processing is just in the beginning stages; just imagine where we will be in 5 years….10 years! Just think of the endless possibilities we have just over the horizon. Things we do with this technology today is just a preview of what is to come.

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