...Four Ps of Writing The Four Ps of Writing focus on the writing process and the assignment. PURPOSE Why are you writing? Are you writing to inform? Persuade? Are you writing in a combination of modes? Remember, a mode of writing is how you present your information. Some strategies to help with the purpose of a writing assignment are called Rhetorical Strategies: Description Expression of what the five senses experience Sensory stimulation Vivid language Narration Telling a single story or several related stories Beginning, middle, end Exemplification Illustration with examples Specific examples Division-Classification Logical ordering of a complex situation Division ( single unit or concept, breaking the unit into parts and analyzing the parts and the whole Classification ( put two or more related items together and categorize them according to type or kind Process-Analysis Technique that explains the steps or sequence in doing something Satisfies our need to learn as well as our curiosity of how it works Comparison-Contrast Analyze similarities and differences Helps to make choices Cause-Effect Casual analysis Choice and consequence Why does one thing cause something else to happen? Definition ...
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...Chapter One An Introduction to Academic Writing This chapter will explain • the importance of supporting a point in writing • the structure of the traditional essay • the benefits of writing the traditional essay The Structure of a Traditional Essay Diagram 图解 Title of the Essay I. Introduction • Opening remarks to catch reader’s interest • Thesis statement • Plan of development (optional) II. Body • Topic sentence 1(supporting point 1) specific evidence • Topic sentence 2(supporting point 2) specific evidence • Topic sentence 3(supporting point 3) specific evidence III. Conclusion • Summary (optional) • General closing remarks • (or both) Benefits of Writing the Traditional Essay 1. Mastering essays will help make you a better writer; 2. The discipline of writing an essay will strengthen your skills as a reader, listener and speaker; 3. Writing will make you a stronger thinker. Chapter Two The Writing Process This chapter will explain and illustrate • the sequence of steps in writing an effective essay • prewriting • revising • editing Prewriting techniques: a. Freewriting b. Questioning c. Making a list d. Clustering(Mapping) e. Preparing a Scratch Outline f. Writing the first draft g. Revising: h. a. the content of your essay i. Is my paper unified? j. Is my paper...
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...Business Writing Portfolio Heather Wassell XCOM/285 Essentials of Managerial Communication University of Phoenix At this point you will begin to put your work together. There are a few steps to think about when doing this also. These steps are used in both business and academic writing. 1. Planning. You have already accomplished a good deal of this with the above steps but now you have to decide how you want to put your ideas together. How to start you work, how to set it up and how to finish. Ask yourself which idea will best be described in which section of the work. How do you want to wrap up the work? You want to leave the audience without questions. 2. Writing. Put your words on paper or on screen. This is probably the easiest step of writing shockingly enough. You have plenty of steps to make your perfect but just getting them on paper or screen is easy. 3. Revising and editing. I put these in the same step because they are basically the same thing. You edit and then revise your work so that it is final and what you were trying to say. Step 4: Talk to your audience. When you are writing an essay for a group of people, you have to know “who” those people are. If you do not know who they are then you will lose them. They will be left with questions and won’t have received the information they were meant to interrupt. This will help you understand what tone you will need to use and it will also help you know how to word your work. You have to know what relationships...
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...Process Analysis Essay Proper education requires a person to understand various processes that enable life to continue. Therefore, process analysis essays explain how something is done, and it includes various steps. This process analysis essay describes how to complete an application for college. How to complete an application for college Students need to know the process involved in completing an application for college to ensure they follow the collet steps to be admitted into the college of their choice. Indeed, after listing down the colleges one is interested in, they must complete an application for each. There are ten main steps one...
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...I took my time reviewing the feedback provided on my first submitted essay for English 101. I noticed several positive areas in my writing. The first area is having the ability to provide readers with good, well placed examples throughout the essay. The second area of strength is grammar. This is an area that can use improvement however, it is at an advancing level. The best part about receiving feedback is being given a chance to learn from a mistake. A few areas I learned I need to focus on improving would be to state a clear and concise thesis statement letting my readers know exactly what my main point is and what to expect in my paper. I also need to avoid using a passive voice. By writing in a passive voice my essay was wordy and at times...
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...ESSAY WRITING STEP BY STEP “Write an essay? But I don’t know how!” If you are unnerved by the thought of writing a college essay, remember that this task can be accomplished in the same way as any other—one step at a time. An effective essay is the result of careful thinking, planning, writing, and revising. If you work hard on the first two steps, the last two will be much easier. Your goal is to produce an essay whose content is focused, well-developed, and clear. THINKING (Many decisions must be made before you actually write anything down.) 1. Consider purpose: The general purpose of your essay will usually be determined by your instructor. To be sure you know the specific purpose of your particular essay, complete this sentence: “The purpose of my essay is to ….” Example: General Purpose: Describe in detail an important characteristic of a person you know well. Specific purpose: The purpose of my essay is to describe my mother’s kindness toward her family, friends, and co-workers. 2. Consider audience: The identity of your audience will determine how much background information will be necessary and what terms need to be used or defined. For example, an essay written for nurses on care of the elderly will include less background and more technical information than an essay written for the general public on the same topic. Unless directed otherwise, you should write for an uninformed audience. Even if your...
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...Which Essay is Better: A Narrative or A Descriptive? Ever read a story and say to yourself, “What’s happening?” Whenever I read a descriptive essay, that’s what I would say. In this essay I would be comparing and contrasting two types of essays, a narrative and descriptive. I have chosen “Are the rich happy?” by Stephen Leacock 1916 and “Sister Flowers” by Maya Angelou, n.d. By writing my essay, I want to give my views on each and decide which I would rather write. Narrative Essay A narrative essay reflects a personal opinion that is based on your own experiences. This helps you bring a reader into your very own mind and shows him/her the topic you’re writing about through your eyes. Telling a story or event the way it happened for you. It also could provide a sort of lesson or moral to be learned from the outcome of the story as well as what the writer did that contributed to it or not. It’s more on a personal level that any one reading could say that happened to them or that they learned from the story by not doing whatever it was that the writer did. In Stephen Leacock’s “Are the Rich Happy?” the author writes about his experiences with his friends, with of modest income. Most of it, all in his opinion, points out the problems or troubles those with an existential amount of funds in their bank accounts. He goes on to give some examples that he encountered several of his friends going through. “A friend of mine who has ten thousand dollars a year told me the other...
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...Gathering Information and Writing a Research Paper Writing a research paper for the first time can be a difficult task if not given the proper instruction to complete such an assignment. Breaking a research paper down into separate tasks and sections might ease frustrations for the researcher and give them some fundamental tools for future research projects. A good question to ask your self is “Where do I begin my research?” Some students that are tasked with writing a research paper for the first time might struggle with the topic that they will choose depending on the writing assignment given to them by the instructor. Generally, one main topic can be concentrated on is based off of a research question the student must be able to answer or expound upon described in the course syllabus. Within the syllabus the instructor should have provided several topics to begin the research. Also the instructor should point out what format he or she is requiring, according to a rubric within the syllabus, to be turned in such as APA, MLA or Chicago. Once an individual has selected a topic that he or she would like to discuss, it’s time to begin looking for the facts. There are numerous resources at your disposal when you conduct your research such as the library, The Internet, and. You have to decide which source is likely to be most useful to you. For example, if you are searching for information on a historical event the library is an reliable place to find a book that...
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...ACADEMIC READING & WRITING CHAPTER 1 PRE-WRITING PREPARED BY: ZARINAH ABU BAKAR NAME OF SCHOOL FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND GENERAL STUDIES CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING LEARNING OUTCOMES TOPIC At the end of this chapter, students will be able to: Use a variety of pre-writing activities to generate ideas, focus a topic, and formulate a method of developing an essay select and narrow an essay topic Slide 2 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING TOPIC OUTLINES TOPIC Introduction 1.1 Pre-writing 1.1.1 Steps in process writing 1.1.2 Analysing the topic/question- directive words 1.1.3 Selecting and narrowing an essay topic 1.2 Pre-writing strategies 1.2.1 Brainstorming methods 1.3 Reading and note taking strategies 1.3.1 Note taking skills Slide 3 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING INTRODUCTION TOPIC Slide 4 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING 1.1.1 STEPS IN PROCESS WRITING The Writing Process TOPIC Slide 5 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING 1.1.2 CHOOSING A QUESTION TOPIC If you have a choice of essay questions consider the following factors when deciding which essay to do: which topics interest you most? which topics have good resource materials available? which topics are most relevant to you personally or professionally? which topics might be easiest for you to write about? Slide 6 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING 1.1.2 Analysing the topic/question- directive words TOPIC Slide 7 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING 1.1.2 Analysing...
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...Assessment 1 Business Study Skills and Methods Essay title 1: What are the main sources of information you should use when preparing to write an academic essay? How can you evaluate the different sources of information you find? An academic essay is basically an essay students at university level, write for their courses. Lecturers at different universities call academic essays a variety of names such as: An essay, paper, research paper, term paper, argumentative paper/ essay, analysis paper/essay, informative essay, position essay and so on. Even though lecturer and students have a variety of names to call an academic essay, it still entails the same goals. Academic writing is an assignment that entails you having to explore something that you as a student is most interested in, especially from your courses. You have the ability to freely express your thoughts, opinions and ideas from whatever topic you choose and have an audience that is interested in reading and is open to reading how you as a student feel about the topic. An academic essay involves to first choose a topic, research on the topic by finding different books, articles and blogs online. So that you can gather information from different sources, so you would be able to fully grasp the topic and put it into your own words and then give your best idea by writing a thesis statement. Which requires you to write the main point to your arguement, an academic essay also involves analysis where you would have to examine...
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...January 19, 2015 Critical Thinking Essay Gen 200/ Scott Hopkins Critical Thinking Essay Critical thinking by definition means “disciplined thinking that is clear, rational, open-minded, and informed by evidence”. You think critically every day, whether it is trying to understand the lyrics to a song, or writing a ten page paper. When you think critically, you have to be able to put your bias aside, and try to understand what the writer is trying to get across. The critical thinking process has six different steps, all of which are very beneficial to people that want to become good writers. Benjamin Bloom, a known Psychologist, named these six steps, what we refer to now, as the Bloom’s Taxonomy. The first level of Blooms Taxonomy is remembering what you have previously read or learned. Second, is understanding, making sure that you can remember what you read and making sure you are able to explain it in your own words and give examples. Level three of Blooms Taxonomy is applying the ideas that you understand to construct an outcome. Examples of this would include solving a problem, making a huge decision, or finally completing something that you have been trying to finish for a while. Analyzing your ideas is the fourth level of Bloom’s Taxonomy. This level helps you analyze your ideas and break them up into steps or groups that are similar to each other, for example, reading a book and outlining what the book was about. The fifth step of Bloom’s taxonomy is evaluating...
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...thirty-two year old. My birthday is Valentine’s Day. I grew up in Sterling Heights, Michigan. I was adopted at the age of ten. By two of the most loving and caring parents, anyone could ask for. Their names are Rick and Vicki Sabaugh. I went to Cousino High School located in Warren, Michigan. I was on a swim team for twelve years, mastering the butterfly. My first year of high school, I made most valuable player on the team. Swimming was and is my passion. I made some outstanding school records. While I was at a swimming meet, competing, I blew out my knee and shoulder. All of my doctors told me...
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...The writing process begins the minute you get a writing assignment—whether you are writing a book, an essay, or a single paragraph. It involves all the activities you do, from choosing a topic to turning in a final draft. The phases, or stages, of the writing process are prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. Prewriting Prewriting refers to all activities that help you explore a subject, generate ideas about it, choose a specific topic, establish a purpose, and analyze the audience for your paragraph or essay. Your mission at this stage is to stimulate your thinking before and during the act of writing. Every time you think of a new idea during the writing process, you are prewriting. Drafting When you have lots of ideas to work with, you are ready to start drafting. Drafting involves writing down your thoughts, developing or expanding some ideas, organizing your thoughts to reflect your purpose, and writing a first version of your paragraph or essay. To start on your draft, you may want to spread out your class notes, journal entries, and other prewriting notes so that you can start to string your ideas together. This is the time to keep your thoughts flowing without worrying too much about grammar, punctuation, mechanics, or spelling. Revising As you may suspect, the process of writing is not finished with your first draft. You should always revise your work to make it stronger and better. Revising involves rethinking your content and organization so that your writing...
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...The writing process begins the minute you get a writing assignment—whether you are writing a book, an essay, or a single paragraph. It involves all the activities you do, from choosing a topic to turning in a final draft. The phases, or stages, of the writing process are prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. Prewriting Prewriting refers to all activities that help you explore a subject, generate ideas about it, choose a specific topic, establish a purpose, and analyze the audience for your paragraph or essay. Your mission at this stage is to stimulate your thinking before and during the act of writing. Every time you think of a new idea during the writing process, you are prewriting. Drafting When you have lots of ideas to work with, you are ready to start drafting. Drafting involves writing down your thoughts, developing or expanding some ideas, organizing your thoughts to reflect your purpose, and writing a first version of your paragraph or essay. To start on your draft, you may want to spread out your class notes, journal entries, and other prewriting notes so that you can start to string your ideas together. This is the time to keep your thoughts flowing without worrying too much about grammar, punctuation, mechanics, or spelling. Revising As you may suspect, the process of writing is not finished with your first draft. You should always revise your work to make it stronger and better. Revising involves rethinking your content and organization so that your writing...
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...The Narrative Essay The narrative essay is simply a complete account of an incident or incidents contained in one cohesive essay. The narrative essay is useful when writing an incident report, such as an automobile accident or a criminal action. By far, one of the best uses of the narrative is when introducing the thesis for a longer work, i.e. a research paper. Your audience for this essay is your fellow classmates and the teacher. Assignment Write a narrative essay, the purpose of which is the serve as evidence for the position you have taken on an issue. The issue in the sample essay is how the writer lost his teeth. The essay must be a minimum of 380 words and no more than 400 words. You will superscript the number of the comma rule that justifies it over each comma. When you turn in your final draft, you must turn in a minimum 100-word, process paragraph expressing what you learned as a result of this assignment. Learning Objectives • To format documents correctly in accordance with MLA; • To understand the structure of a narrative paragraph; • To understand your own unique voice (syntax and tone); • To eliminate sentence fragments, run-ons, and comma splices; • To eliminate point of view errors; • To eliminate verb tense errors; • To eliminate punctuation errors – commas; • To have fun. The Narrative Structure A narrative is a story, and like a story has a definite underlying structure. The parts of a narrative are the situation, conflict...
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