...significantly alter artistic practice during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?” In The Structural transformation of the Public Sphere[1], Jürgen Habermas describes how this area in social life, both separated from the “private sphere” and the “sphere of public authority”, where people can get together and freely discuss and identify societal problems and trough that even influence political action, has not always existed. Its creation was part of a long process that had its peak at the turn of the eighteenth century. He also explains how, although this phenomenon concerns the whole of the European society, the British case stands out. The genesis of the public sphere is first of all associated to an economical factor. As a result from the modernization of the economy, based upon a systematic use of public credit and the free circulation of goods and capital, it is especially the city of London that expanded at a remarkable speed with the sudden and fast development of merchant banking and insurance, as well as warehousing and trading. This new horizon of possibilities on terms of wealth and independence unfolds simultaneously to important shifts in the political arena. After years of blood spill trough civil war, which ended with the execution of King Charles I, a constitutional monarchy was finally established. The idea of a freer, more horizontal conception of social relations started to spread, and regardless of the fact that there still lay a gap between the aspiration...
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...qualities that his successors could only attempt a pale reflection of it”. His reign contributed so heavily to diplomacy, military, building, religion and art that it was named “a zenith of magnificence”. The reigning intent of Amenhotep III was to developed the relations of Egypt and its vassal states which were strained by the invasions of his predecessors. He did not need to prove martial strength as the empire was secure, so he used his authority to ease tension with the northern countries and unite them under the empire. Evidence for...
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...of creating pathos, not tragedy. They are both sincere, kind, brave, loyal, virtuous, and desperately in love, and their tragedy is greater because of their innocence. The feud between the lovers’ families represents the fate that Romeo and Juliet are powerless to overcome. The lines capture in poetry the youthful and simple passion that characterizes the play. One of the most popular plays of all time, Romeo and Juliet was Shakespeare’s second tragedy (after Titus Andronicus of 1594, a failure). Consequently, the play shows the sometimes artificial lyricism of early comedies such as Love’s Labour’s Lost 1594-1595, . 1598) and A Midsummer Night’s Dream (. 1595-1596, . 1600), while its character development predicts the direction of the playwright’s artistic maturity. In Shakespeare’s usual fashion, he based his story on sources that were well known in his day: Masuccio Salernitano’s Novellino (1475), William Painter’s The Palace of Pleasure (1566-1567), and, especially, Arthur Brooke’s poetic The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet (1562). Shakespeare reduces the time of the action from the months it takes in Brooke’s work to a few compact days. In addition to following the conventional five-part structure of a tragedy, Shakespeare employs his characteristic alternation, from scene to scene, between taking the action forward and retarding it, often with comic relief, to heighten the dramatic impact. Although in many respects the play’s structure recalls that of the genre of...
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...2013), PP 101-109 www.iosrjournals.org Brand Love: Mediating Role in Purchase Intentions and Word-ofMouth Muhammad Yasin1, Amjad Shamim2 2 (Department of Business and Economics, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan) (Lecturer, Department of Business and Economics, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan) 1 Abstract: The objective of this research is two fold. First is to determine the impact of brand experience, brand trust and affective commitment on purchase intentions. Second is to ascertain the mediating role of brand love in the relationships of purchase intentions and word-of-mouth. The data was obtained from 265 cell phone customers from Islamabad and Rawalpindi cities of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Simple random sampling technique was used for the collection of data and the data was analyzed in SPSS 15.0 where correlation and regression analyses were performed. Results indicate that brand experience, brand trust and affective commitment have significant positive impacts on purchase intentions. In this relationship, the intensity of the impact of affective commitment is quite high as compared to other variables. Other results revealed that purchase intentions significantly predict brand love and word-of-mouth, and brand love also significantly predicts word-of-mouth. And finally, brand love has partial mediation affect in the relationship of purchase intentions and word-of-mouth. Keywords - affective commitment, brand experience, brand trust...
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...For many of your students, a visit to the Alley may be their first theatre experience. It may be helpful to discuss what they can expect or to have other students relay their own experiences about theatre productions they have seen. Another important point to review is the difference between live theatre and watching a movie or television. Noise Live theatre means live actors who can hear not only what is happening on the stage, but in the audience as well. While laughter and applause at appropriate times are appreciated by the actors, excessive noise and talking is not. Any sort of distracting noise—humming, sighing, chewing gum, or carrying electronic devices—is discouraged. Cell phones, chiming watches and pagers must be turned off during the performance . Applause Applause is used to acknowledge the performers and to voice appreciation or approval. Traditionally, applause comes before intermission and at the performance’s conclusion. These intervals are usually signaled by dimming the lights on stage and bringing up the house lights. A curtain call in which the cast returns to the stage for bows usually follows a performance. Applause is not expected every time the lights are dimmed or between scenes. Cameras The use of recording equipment of any kind is not...
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...At the turn of 20th century, the relationship between art and society was changing rapidly. Several art movements emerged, with artists strongly believing that the main goal of art was to influence and change status quo. This change was caused and influenced by several issues, such as rapid technological development, development of science, philosophy or photography, crucial cultural and political changes, first world war, etc. In this paper, I will discuss the aim and the effect of three important 20th century movements that are integrally related to the growth and development of Modernism in the early 20th century: dada, surrealism and futurism, analyzing their manifestos and works of art, how they challenged their modernity and what impact did they have on latter development of art. The first art manifesto of the 20th century was introduced by Futurists in Italy in 1909. Before that time, the manifesto was almost exclusively a declaration with political aims. The intention of different artists adopting the form, therefore, was to indicate that they are employing art as a political tool, addressing wider issues such as the need for revolution, problems of political system and/or society, freedom of expression, etc. Moreover, it was not uncommon for manifesto writers and other members of the movements of the early 20th century to also be politically active. Futurist leader – Marinetti was one of the young intellectuals and artists who actively opposed Italian government’s...
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...Fadl Ahmed Abbas Almeghdad,PhD scholar SRTM Univ,Nanded,India . almeghdad@ymail.com Phenomenology of Reading A number of poststructuralist movements such as deconstruction had challenged the formalist and New Critical assertion of the objectivity of the text. But it was not until the 1970s that a number of critics at the University of Constance in Germany, the Constance School, began to formulate a systematic reader-response or “reception” theory. The leading members of this school were Wolfgang Iser and Hans Robert Jauss. Such phenomenological theories deal with the important role of the reader in the overall structure of any given literary text. The reader plays a great role in shaping how the work will be understood and what meanings it will have. Each new generation and each new group of readers in a new setting brings to a literary work different code for understanding it. Does writing require reading? What does reading do for writing that writing cannot do for itself? Different schools have different answers, but for phenomenology of literature, the answer is YES. Reading is ontological requirement for writing. Since writing in itself is not complete and indeterminate,...
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...Thinking... The conceptual background to strategy, marketing and planning Stephen Cashman, February 2003 This online background paper provides a review of some of the definitions, theories and concepts underpinning strategy. As such it is intended to introduce the key concepts involved, or to form an overall reminder of the various issues relating to these areas. 1. What is strategy about and why is it so important? ‘Every company needs a strategy – either explicit or implicit.’ Costas Markides (1995) ‘An effective strategic management process has become the essential norm for businesses.’ Richard Hanscombe and Philip Norman (1993) ‘Effective strategic management is the ultimate aim of all managers.’ Financial Times, 1997 ‘The survival, growth and prosperity of any organisation depends on the quality and viability of the strategy the organisation is pursuing.’ Andrew Kakabadse, Ron Ludlow and Susan Vinicombe (1988) Indeed, such is the importance attached to the subject of strategy that one commentator on the subject, Richard Whittington (1993), reports that ‘there are thirty-seven books in print with the title Strategic Management’. Similarly a leading strategy thinker, Henry Mintzberg, and his colleagues (1998) note that ‘The literature of strategic management is vast – the number of items we reviewed over the years numbers close to 2,000 – and it grows larger every day.’ However, despite the importance given to them, thinking, writing and talking about ‘strategy’-related...
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...Gentileschi (1593-1653) Considered one of the most important artists of the Baroque movement in Early Modern Europe, Artemisia Gentileschi, had to prove herself and break down the boundaries for a woman in a male dominated field. Artemisia was born in Rome on July 8, 1953 to Orazio and Prudentia Monotone Gentileschi, who died when the artist was only twelve years of age. Her upbringing was left to her father, who was also a well-known painter. He trained her since she was not permitted to learn in the studios of successful artists of the moment. Orazio introduced his daughter to the working artists of Rome including Caravaggio, whose tenebrism technique and chiaroscuro style had a great influence on her paintings. Unfortunately, other than artistic training, Artemisia, had hardly any other schooling and did not learn to read or write until she was an adult. Agostino Tassi was a Florentine artist with whom Orazio had a working relationship, however, this acquaintance proved to have dire consequences for his daughter. In 1612, at the age of nineteen, Artemisia, accused Tassi of rape. Orazio, upon learning of this horrible crime committed against his daughter filed an injury and damage lawsuit against Tassi, which is clearly documented in the transcripts of the seven-month long trial. According to Artemisia, Tassi aided by family friends repeatedly tried to be alone with her until he was successful in cornering her in her own bedroom where the rape took place. Tassi, in an attempt...
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...Americans are moving toward Martin Luther King Jr.’s dream of racial equality, yet a gap between races remains. This racial segregation is prevalent in the media, particularly in advertisements, magazines, and television. Today’s media have been more inclusive of different ethnic minorities, as the numerical representation of, for example, African Americans has increased. The media, however, have been condemned for exhibiting and perpetuating the racism still existent in our culture. This critique is due mainly in part to the media’s contribution to the social construction of minority stereotypes. Through the media, stereotypes generally distort the images of minority groups, thereby revealing white Americans’ attitudes toward minorities, particularly African Americans. The most dominant attitude promulgated by the media is one that emphasizes low status roles of African Americans. Although more minorities are being represented in contemporary media, the progression of race relations is often diminished by racist overtones that insinuate inferiority of African Americans. Subordination of African Americans through media stereotypes reflects an asymmetrical stance on race relations. An asymmetric race relation is founded in the notions of white domination and black inferiority, with whites on the higher end of the seesaw. While most degrading stereotypical portrayals of African Americans as slaves, porters, coons, and bucks, have faded, depictions of African Americans still remain...
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...Business Law The Copyright Act As a part of Intellectual Property Rights (With Relevant Provisions to WTO) INDEX Introduction............................................................................................................................04 Introduction to Intellectual property Rights...........................…............................04 Industrial Property.........................................................................................04 Artistic and Literary Property.....................................................................05 Nature of Intellectual Property Rights........................................................05 Introduction to TRIPS………………………...........................................................06 Berne Convention...........................................................................................08 Introduction to WIPO………………………………………………………..……..09 Introduction to The Copy Right Act………………………………………………10 Meaning of Copyright……………………………………………........................................11 Terminologies of Copyright…………………………….......................................................12 Registration of Copyright………..........................................................................................13 Correction of entries in the Register of Copyrights………………………...…….14 Rectification of Register by Copyright Board……………….................................15 Duration of Copyright………………………......................
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...Experiment in Modernist Fiction Modernism is a current which defines everything that is new in matters of art, literature or music. The main focus of our interest is modernist literature which is a subdivision of modernism and begins during the early stages of the 20th century, being seen in opposition to the traditional values promoted until the first World War. Many branches develop during this period (psychology, philosophy, political institutions etc.) and the realism of the earlier times is now rejected and replaced by the idea that everything is relative. Things take a new shift and the absolute truths vanish, leaving room for multiple interpretations and personalized opinions which are presented now, in writing. But how can one define something that has no clear conclusion? An element of this sort cannot have a finality, therefore, it is understood according to one’s personal background and experience. Modernist literature will always raise serious issues concerning the purpose and form of literature, questioning its former aspects. What are the reasons for writing a novel and what should a novel consist of? For example, the notion of “novel” becomes ambiguous in the mind of Virginia Woolf, who declared after writing “Mrs. Dalloway” that “I’m glad to be quit this time of writing a novel, and hope never to be accused of it again.” Next to Virginia Woolf which is believed to be one of the greatest modern authors, the faithful readers come across names like James Joyce...
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...000000and 2005 Ltdof Cultural Policy or Humanities, King’s College London, StrandLondonWC2R 2LStsrbd@yahoo.com 3 11 2005 Original Francis 1028-6632 International Journal 10.1080/10286630500411309 GCUL_A_141113.sgm Taylor Article This article argues that arts marketing theory is embedded in the existing context of the nonprofit arts sector – that is, Romantic belief in the universal value of the arts and producer authority over the consumer. As “a set of techniques” and “a decision-making process”, marketing was able to sit comfortably in the nonprofit arts context during the 1970s and 1980s. However, recent recognition of marketing as “a management philosophy” has brought out incompatibilities between the customer orientation of the marketing notion and the Romantic view of artistic production. This article demonstrates that arts marketing writings embrace Romanticism through the following: generic marketing concept; relationship marketing approach; extended definition of the customer; extended definition of the product; and reduction of marketing to function. Such findings suggest that persistence of the existing belief system and the embeddedness of the market be considered when marketisation in the arts sector is analysed. KEYWORDS arts marketing; Romanticism; marketisation; cultural persistence and embeddedness Introduction Contemporary literature on British arts policy and management tends to conceptualise the institutional change in the nonprofit arts sector since...
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...African American History Since 1865 Alishia Colella HIS 204 American History Since 1865 Instructor Thomas Roka March 11, 2013 African American History Since 1865 Most individuals are probably familiar with the well-documented information regarding African American history, such as the Civil Rights Movement and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., but there are also many little known facts about their history that are of equal importance. African Americans have been present in the United States ever since the early 1600s and their presents plays an important role in American history not only because of the Civil Rights Movement, but because of the strength and courage that they had struggling to try and live a good life in America. History is rife with records of decades of untold torture and harrowing experiences that African American slaves suffered from at the hands of their captors and masters; they were even denied all natural rights as human beings and forced to live like animals. In all actuality, a slave was viewed as one-third of a person and the property of their owner(s), treated as an object instead of a person. Therefore, one could assume that after their emancipation, life would have become significantly better because the slavers were free to move away from the torturous hands of their masters. However, most of them faced incredible opposition and discrimination even after emancipation. Thus by and large, did not truly free them nor did it directly lead...
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...Stylistic syntax 1. General considerations The object of stylistic analysis on syntactic level is sentence. Within the domain of syntax stylistics deals with the following crucial problems: 1) the stylistic potential of syntactic units of different structural design, semantic characteristics and communicative types; 2) the syntactic synonymy, i.e. the peculiarities of rendering of one and the same logical content by syntactic units with different structure, functional characteristics, expressive colouring and connotations; 3) description of syntactical expressive means and stylistic devices. Owing to its constructive nature, syntax is considered to have more perceptible stylistic power (when compared with morophological and lexical level) because it embraces the expressive potential of morphology and vocabulary. Syntax is the structural basis of any utterance and text: the process of nomination and metaphorization, logical and figurative, emotional, expressive and poetic colouring of the words, language imagery and symbolism, specific figures of speech, new coinages and at last the individual speaker’s creativity are actualized only on the level of syntax, and, having been melted into a completed unity, can fulfill its communicative purpose. Thus the importance of syntax for stylistic analysis is hard to overestimate. It is syntax that fixes the stylistic aspect of any text. Syntax, alongside with other stylistic elements (phonetic, morphological, lexical) that secure utterance...
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