...Critically comment on the transaction cost based theory of Construction procurement and evaluate its potential as a practical tool in the Selection of procurement systems Abstract This term paper will provide comprehensive reviews on the entire literature involving transaction cost economics (TCE) in construction procurement. It will also critically describe the transaction cost based theory of construction procurement and also give an evaluation of its potential as a critical tool in the selection of procurement systems. The paper will also explore how TCE has emerged from most economic roots to examine empirical phenomena in construction procurement. TCE has been increasingly applied not only to business-related fields such as finance, accounting, organizational theory and marketing but also to the construction industry. Most construction industries have recently moved to practice innovative working techniques that will involve great collaboration and interrelationships that has been in the past. While these benefits such as collaborative and improved ways of working are discussed, but so little is evident about their cost. Hence there proves to be a diverse evidence showing the cost of procurement and more competitive and traditional practices. The purpose of this term paper is to try and examine the transaction based theory of procurement that is used in construction industry. Introduction Ever since it emerged in the early 1970s (Williamson 1971) the new...
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...Employer brand denotes an organisation's reputation as an employer.[1] The term was first used in the early 1990s, and has since become widely adopted by the global management community.[2][3][4] Minchington (2005) defines employer brand as "the image of your organisation as a 'great place to work'". Employer branding is concerned with enhancing your company's employer brand.[2] Just as a customer brand proposition is used to define a product or service offer, an employee value proposition is used to define an organisation's employment offer. Likewise the marketing disciplines associated with branding and brand management have been increasingly applied by the human resources and talent management community to attract, engage and retain talented candidates and employees, in the same way that marketing applies such tools to attracting and retaining clients, customers and consumers. Contents 1 Origin 2 Employer branding 3 Employer brand management 4 Employer brand proposition 5 Employer branding and internal marketing 6 Brand-led culture change 7 References Origin The term "employer brand" was first publicly introduced to a management audience in 1990,[5] and defined by Simon Barrow, chairman of People in Business, and Tim Ambler, Senior Fellow of London Business School, in the Journal of Brand Management in December 1996.[6] This academic paper was the first published attempt to "test the application of brand management techniques to...
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...Employer branding Employer brand denotes an organisation's reputation as an employer.[1] The term was first used in the early 1990s, and has since become widely adopted by the global management community.[2][3][4] Minchington (2005) defines employer brand as "the image of your organisation as a 'great place to work'". Employer branding is concerned with enhancing your company's employer brand.[2] Just as a customer brand proposition is used to define a product or service offer, an employee value proposition is used to define an organisation's employment offer. Likewise the marketing disciplines associated with branding and brand management have been increasingly applied by the human resources and talent management community to attract, engage and retain talented candidates and employees, in the same way that marketing applies such tools to attracting and retaining clients, customers and consumers. Origin The term "employer branding" was first publicly introduced to a management audience in 1990,[5] and defined by Simon Barrow, chairman of People in Business, and Tim Ambler, Senior Fellow of London Business School, in the Journal of Brand Management in December 1996.[6] This academic paper was the first published attempt to "test the application of brand management techniques to human resource management". Within this paper, Simon Barrow and Tim Ambler defined the employer brand as "the package of functional, economic and psychological benefits provided by employment...
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...Introduction 3 I. Understanding healthy relationship between employer and employee 3 II. Tips for building relationship 4 III. Barrier of building good relationship between employer and employee 5 IV. Nurturing and growing good relationship 6 Conclusion 8 Referencing 9 INTRODUCTION A man skillful in relationship building perpetually gets position in societies, workplaces, and any other places than those who lack of the skills. Many think of trying to build it as a waste of time and effort. However, that it is actually manageable to establish healthy relationship merely by knowing the secret factors and practicing them consistently. The scope of this term paper will cover the importance of good relationship and tips to abstain and follow in building the skills and finally the last chapter will present factors of nurturing and growing relationship. This term paper will mainly focus on convincing the readers to realize the importance of building healthy relationship and awake to explore more and enhance more skills for the benefits at their workplace. 1. UNDERSTANDING HEALTHY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEE In a way of simply stating, all human beings of whatever age, whichever caste or position, whichever sex crave for and certainly need social contact or relationship to be interdependent upon one another. Through having mutual social contact, a number of our down-points can be sorted out and resolved. On the other hand...
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...2. Discuss how employers can exist without unions but unions cannot exist without employers. 3. Identify reasons why workers unionize. 4. Discuss why unionization is declining in the United States. 5. Analyze the difference between the public sector labor relations and private business. Introduction to this week's topics: Labor relations is the set of processes and activities unions and employers develop and use to clarify, manage, reduce, and resolve conflicts between employees and their representatives while accommodating the various goals of each. The practice of labor relations is governed by contracts negotiated by and agreed to by both parties. Contracts are renegotiated periodically to take into account changing goals and objectives of both parties and changes in the economy and society. Within larger employers that operate several establishments, labor relations will differ depending on what is produced in each establishment and whether different unions represent employees in different establishments. Employers would like complete freedom to alter the terms and conditions of employment in their workplaces, as necessary, to maximize returns on investments and achieve organizational goals. While labor is somewhat mobile, with workers able to move between employers as opportunities occur, it is less mobile than financial capital. They would like to reduce the risks associated with employment - particularly the risk that their employers will radically...
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...“Is Post-Appraisal Weeding good strategy?” Dilip Thosar Paper for The International Research Conference on HRM 25-26 August 2012 at MIT College of Management, Pune Is Post-Appraisal Weeding good strategy? Dilip Thosar Fellow Student, AHRD (Academy of Human Resources Development), Ahmedabad. ABSTRACT Many progressive Indian organizations are seen to annually lead a practice of weeding out their lowest-performing manpower, with the strategic intent of increasing their performance capability and competence. The genesis of this practice lies in the “20-70-10 principle” which states that the top 20% of workforce is productive, 70% work adequately and the remaining bottom 10% do not deliver and should be fired. During the annual appraisal, the head of every business team within the organization is asked to classify his/her team-members into top, medium and bottom performers. Those in the bottom bucket are asked to resign. This reportedly creates tremendous dissonance and unhappiness across the organization. There seems to be no evidence of the expected theoretical result of a continuously improving highperforming business unit. Even short-run competence is not reported to increase perceptibly. Notable is the expensive attrition and erosion of precious employee-engagement among residuals, with consequent burn-outs and reduced productivity. The significant negative outcomes of this practice seem to outweigh any positive potential. Literature studied and industry leaders decry it as...
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...Business | | |MGT/434 | | |Employment Law | Copyright © 2009, 2007, 2006, 2004 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides an overview of federal statutes and state-regulated areas that affect the personnel function. Among topics addressed are EEO and affirmative action, OSHA, ERISA, FMLA, and ADA; employee privacy issues (polygraph testing, drug and alcohol testing, employer searching and monitoring); and wrongful discharge. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Bennett-Alexander, D. D., & Hartman, L. P. (2007)...
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...every company or employer. It can be assessed as a process with few stages. This paper will look at identifying the cost of employee turnover, importance of understanding why employee leaves, retention strategies and how they should be implemented. The first step of an effective attendance management program is to identify specific areas which are affecting attendance. Some general causes of absenteeism will be mentioned later in this paper. 2. Background The importance of this briefing paper is to summarize all gained information, knowledge and facts regarding to issues in Managing retention and absenteeism in business, preparation to write an individual academic paper and to give a brief idea how it will be approached. In Managing retention and absenteeism is necessary to cover following areas: • Absenteeism • Sickness absence • Employee turnover • Staff retention strategies • Staff retention and management of knowledge • Benefits of staff retention 3. Findings 3.1 What the assignment is asking me to do The definition of absenteeism according to Mathis and Jackson (2005) is any failure to report for work as scheduled or to stay at work when scheduled. They divide absenteeism into 2 groups: voluntary, that is unavoidable and voluntary, avoidable. The sickness absence can be short - term (repetitive) or long term illness. CIPD’s Absence Management Survey (2011) revealed for the first time that stress is the most common cause of long – term sickness absence...
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...Introduction The topic that we have chosen is employees’ obligation to the employer, for that we intended to focus on employees’ conflict of interest based on practices or corporate governance in malaysia. We choose this topic, because it is the major problem occurring in most of the companies nowadays which harm the business reputation and corporate image. conflict of interest is a situation where a conflict arises between public duty and private interest. 2) Outline of the term paper 1.0 | Review on misconduct related to conflict of interest in the context of labor law and industrial relations in malaysia. | 2.0 | What is conflict of interest | 3.0 | How conflict of interest relates with labor law and industrial relations | 4.0 | Types of conflict of interest and related cases - misuse of position -acceptance of gift - using company’s confidential information | 5.0 | Sources of conflict -internal source -external source | 6.0 | Employees’ liability and obligation to disclose conflict of interest -who can make disclosure -what can be disclosed -To whom the disclosure should be made | 7.0 | Options on diciplinary action performed by employer (dismissal) | 8.0 | Conclusion | 3) Conclusion At the end of this term paper, it will be useful for everyone to understand what employee’s conflict of interest is and how it is related to employment act 1955 in which employer as well as employees can take proper legal action pertaining to this matter...
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...Employers and employees often have conflicting interests in the workplace. One of these conflicting interests concerns the privacy rights and considerations of the employees versus the rights of the employer to monitor the activities of its employees. A relaxed, comfortable workplace promotes good morale but too much comfort can result in a workforce that takes their responsibilities for granted. Achieving a happy medium is the ultimate goal. The development of modern technology has provided employers with increased opportunity to monitor the activities of their employees both on the job and off. Telephone, computers, voice mail, and the internet have provided employers with vehicles that were not available just a decade or so ago. Because of the newness of such devices, regulations and laws governing the use of them are not well developed. As a result, at the present time, employers are enjoying virtually unfettered opportunities to listen, watch, and read most anything and everything that their employees are doing while at work. Some more aggressive employers are even using such devices to do the same in regard to their employees’ private lives as well. In limited cases, some corporations and businesses have enacted policies limiting such interventions by the company but there are very few such companies. The concept of privacy is complicated. What is private for one person may not be for another and when it comes to privacy in the workplace the issue becomes even more complicated...
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...Compensation is a routine approach to granting monetary value to employees in exchange for work completed and can accomplish numerous purposes helping in areas of recruitment, job performance, and job satisfaction. The competitive and global marketplaces as well as employee benefit programs today has become known as necessary tools used by companies to draw creative and useful employees. Meeting the requests and needs of employees can be rather complicated during difficult financial times in which businesses must find its balance between compensation methods and keeping overhead costs low. This paper will analyze the impact of various compensation methods and benefit programs on employees and organization. The paper will also relate salary and benefit administration strategies to organizational culture and performance. Compensation Methods Compensation and benefit strategies are ways that organizations can use pay and benefits to recognize and reward employees’ contributions to the organization’s success (OPPapers, 2008). In a retail or customer service organization, workers are usually compensated by one of the following methods: 1. A direct salary or hourly rate, 2. Salary in addition to commission, 3. Quota bonus, 4. Commission without advances or 5. Commission with advances. Although commission payments are tied to sales, the requirements of the exemption are that more than half the employer’s compensation characterizes commissions on services; which can include all sorts...
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...White Paper Motivating Employees on a Budget Keeping employees motivated and engaged is more important than ever during tough economic times. This white paper takes you through the dos and don‟ts of incentivising on a budget - how to maintain morale and maximise the return on your investment. During difficult economic conditions, the competition for custom intensifies; customers become far more discretionary in their spending and focus on getting the most out of their money. So it„s essential that employees are motivated to provide the highest levels of service that will set the company apart. Whilst it may be tempting for employers to make a quick saving by cutting the incentives budget, it‟s also a false economy. It‟s important to remember that organisations with effective incentive schemes and high employee engagement consistently and significantly outperform their competitors. Unfortunately over two-thirds of employers report that low staff morale is currently an issue and almost three-quarters realise that they face the problem of re-engaging staff in the organisation.1 Going forward, employers are recognising that employee commitment will be vital if a company‟s performance is to be sustained. A recent survey found that 64% of employers intend to increase their focus on the motivational value of reward programmes over the next 2-3 years.2 It‟s commonly agreed that incentives have a positive and lasting effect on behaviour. One study reported that 75% of employers accept...
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...[pic] BWB 4013 LABOUR LAWS AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS LECTURER NAME: PN. HANITA SARAH SAAD GROUP MEMBERS: ELVINA A/P LOURDS KJC1160111 REYNUGA A/P KATHIRVEL KJC1080191 THILAGA A/P YOKANATHAN KJC1080411 MICHELLE EDWARD A/P ROCK EDWARD KJC1080416 Proposal on employees conflict of interest towards in the organisation 1) Introduction The topic that we have chosen is employees’ obligation to the employer, for that we intended to focus on employees’ conflict of interest based on practices or corporate governance in malaysia. We choose this topic, because it is the major problem occurring in most of the companies nowadays which harm the business reputation and corporate image. conflict of interest is a situation where a conflict arises between public duty and private interest. 2) Outline of the term paper |1.0 |Review on misconduct related to conflict of interest in the context of labor law and industrial relations in malaysia. | |2.0 |What is conflict of interest | |3.0 |How conflict of interest relates with labor law and industrial relations | |4.0 |Types of conflict of interest and related cases | | |- misuse of position ...
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...formal and informal Paul W Chan Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK paul.chan@unn.ac.uk ROBERT C MOEHLER Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK robert.moehler@unn.ac.uk RESEARCH REPORTED HERE IS PART OF A WIDER STUDY THAT SEEKS TO EXAMINE THE PRACTICES INVOLVED IN ENCOURAGING AND ENABLING EMPLOYERS TO ENGAGE WITH THE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AGENDA. A SERIES OF EXPLORATORY INTERVIEWS AND ETHNOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS REVEAL POTENTIAL DISCONNECTIONS BETWEEN SKILLS POLICIES AT THE GOVERNMENTAL LEVEL AND WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENS IN EMPLOYER PRACTICES REGARDING SKILLS DEVELOPMENT. ON THE ONE HAND, THE FORMAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING SYSTEM FOCUSES ON SUCH TARGETS AS THE ATTAINMENT OF NARROWLY-DEFINED OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS, LEVELS OF COMPETENCE, AND QUANTITATIVE PERFORMANCE MEASURES LIKE COMPLETION RATES. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE SOCIALISED CONCEPT OF SKILLS DEVELOPMENT TAKES PLACE INFORMALLY AT THE WORKPLACE THROUGH ON-THE-JOB TRAINING AND MENTORING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SENIOR AND JUNIOR EMPLOYEES. BOTH THE FORMAL AND INFORMAL SYSTEMS APPEAR TO CO-EXIST ALONGSIDE EACH OTHER, ALTHOUGH TENSIONS ARE MOUNTING IN TERMS OF CONFIDENCE THAT EMPLOYERS AND THE WIDER INDUSTRY PLACE ON THE EFFICACY OF THE FORMAL SYSTEM. Keywords: informality, skills development practices, skills policy, training and education. INTRODUCTION The UK construction industry faces an enduring problem of skills shortages. ConstructionSkills, one of the Sector Skills Council for Construction...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research DocumentsThe Research Paper Factory Join Search Browse Saved Papers Search Home page » Business and Management Flex Time In The Work Place In: Business and Management Flex Time In The Work Place Wade Dougherty ENG Composition l Persuasive Essay Flexibility – Win, Win for Employers and Workers The pace of life dictates ever changing priorities and requires acceptance, tolerance and flexibility. While a source of income is still required, the company where one is employed may not have as much influence if the career detracts significantly from the non-work related needs of the individual. Furthermore, if companies are insensitive to employee needs, and work becomes a significant source of stress, not only does worker productivity lessen but that company’s name and reputation as an employer may hinder its own ability attract necessary quality employees. Employees and employers alike are looking for ways to increase worker satisfaction. One increasingly attractive solution is the growing acceptance of a flexible work week and schedule. Prominent employers like Kraft Foods, Texas Instruments and First Tennessee Bank have implemented these changes for their workers to boost productivity while increasing job satisfaction (Forbes). Employers are also using these flex schedules as a way of attracting and retaining their employees. For example, “In 1999 only 18 companies on Fortune magazine’s list of...
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