...Terrestrial Resource Challenges The increase of the human population and the actions by the human population are the common link between all resource challenges. Two terrestrial resource challenges are solid waste and agricultural farmland with the main causes for each resource varying considerably. While solid waste is produced individually at approximately one thousand and twenty-eight pounds per year, farm land experiences accelerated eroding of agricultural soils or deterioration in addition to losing precious farm acreage to new or existing development. Nearly all of the reasons for the issues being faced regarding the Earth’s resources and how to sustain them, points to human actions. The way these issues threaten sustainability is by human action. The ever growing global population is pushing the production of quality food past its ability to maintain doing so and with the rate of soil erosion about seven times greater than that of soil formation, it is near impossible to keep production high on such unfertile ground. Encroaching on farmland to build new developments in order to keep up with the populations need for housing is another major cause of unsustainability in agricultural lands. There is no room in a sustainability plan for loss of agricultural land. The land that is used for producing food for the United States citizens and others around the world is already in jeopardy due to such activities as over grazing. “We have to find ways to produce food to meet...
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...colder state, is it possible to do that? What information would you like clarified or have questions about? How will we be affected, if pikas become extinct because of climate change? The major terrestrial adaptations of plants are maintaining moisture, obtaining resources from two locations, supporting the plant body, and reproduction and dispersal. To maintain moisture, a waxy cuticle that prevents water loss covers the aboveground parts of most land plants. Plants need to obtain resources from two locations, so their roots provide anchorage and absorb water and mineral nutrients from the soil. Above ground, plants have leaves that obtain CO2 from the air and light from the sun, which enable them to perform photosynthesis. To support the plant body, the cell walls of some plant tissues including xylem, are thickened and reinforced by a chemical called lignin. For reproduction In all plants, the fertilized egg develops into an embryo while attached to and nourished by the parent plant. For dispersal, land plants rely heavily on tough-walled spores or rely on the use of seeds. What are the major terrestrial adaptations of plants? HINT: There are 4 major challenges plants encountered as they evolved on to land. What adaptations (structures) did they develop to meet these challenges? Refer to Ch 17, Section 17.1 (pp 342-43) 1) Maintaining moisture: The above ground parts of most land plants are covered by a waxy cuticle that prevents water...
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...Challenges for Efficient Communication in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Ian F. Akyildiz, Dario Pompili, Tommaso Melodia Broadband & Wireless Networking Laboratory School of Electrical & Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 Tel: (404) 894-5141 Fax: (404) 894-7883 e-mail:{ian, dario, tommaso}@ece.gatech.edu Abstract— Ocean bottom sensor nodes can be used for oceanographic data collection, pollution monitoring, offshore exploration and tactical surveillance applications. Moreover, Unmanned or Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (UUVs, AUVs), equipped with sensors, will find application in exploration of natural undersea resources and gathering of scientific data in collaborative monitoring missions. Underwater acoustic networking is the enabling technology for these applications. Underwater Networks consist of a variable number of sensors and vehicles that are deployed to perform collaborative monitoring tasks over a given area. In this paper, several fundamental key aspects of underwater acoustic communications are investigated. Different architectures for two-dimensional and three-dimensional underwater sensor networks are discussed, and the underwater channel is characterized. The main challenges for the development of efficient networking solutions posed by the underwater environment are detailed at all layers of the protocol stack. Furthermore, open research issues are discussed and possible solution approaches are outlined...
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...Challenges in Migrating to LTE Macquarie University Contents Abstract 2 Faculty of Science ITEC850 Network Management Assignment #2: B3G or 4G Networks (Group Project) Due: 24th May 2012 Written by: Barry Ho & Willis Kwok Lecturer: Mr Milton Baar Introduction Aims and Goals Challenges Horizontal Handover Vertical Handover QoS Techniques Advantages/Disadvantages Conclusions & Future Work References Appendix A Appendix B 2 3 4 4 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 Appendix C 15 Abstract There have been tremendous growths in the use of mobile technologies in recent years. In the early days, only the rich and keen early adopters were able to own mobile phones, which were large in size, required a substantial source of power to operate and were limited in functionality and quite restrictive in terms of mobility. Today, over 5.6 billion subscribed devices are in active use, which represent approximately 80% of the world population and are rising. (Gartner) Improved reception power coupled with increased network coverage and penetration, global roaming capability, sharp quality, fitto-palm size with large screen and lightweight are the significants of today’s user terminals. Given such advances, the growth within the large increases of cellular use has been on mobile data. In 2011, the total mobile data service revenues were close to $315 billion (Gartner). LTE is a serious improvement in network architecture to handle this surge in demand and is embraced by all providers. This...
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...Lemurs in Madagascar SCI/ 275 March 16, 2014 Lemurs in Madagascar 1.) What are Madagascar’s biomes? Discuss the latest features of at least one of these biomes. Using the world’s terrestrial map in Wiley Plus, Madagascar’s biomes includes; tropical rain forest, tropical dry forest, and desert. Madagascar is largely made up of the tropical rain forest biome. Its features include warm weather throughout the year with rainfall occurring almost daily. In the rainforest, human population growth and industrial expansion threatens its survival. 2.) What changes happening in Madagascar are posing challenges for lemurs? Provide details about the sources, time scale, and type of change. The changes that are happening in Madagascar that poses a challenge for lemurs, are the rapid environmental changes caused by humans. Deforestation of the rain forest disrupts the eco- system. As a result, the changes are occurring at a rapid pace, faster than the resources can replenish themselves. 3.) Which types of lemurs are adapting to the changes? Which types of lemurs are not adapting well? Why? The type of lemur that is adapting to change is the ring- tailed lemur. The ring- tailed lemur is able to adjust because of its ability to adjust to secondary habitats. On the hand, bamboo lemurs are not adjusting well to the changes. They thrive on eating the bamboo found in the forest. Once the bamboo are depleted, they will not be able to survive. 4.) What behavioral...
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...Food Resources * there is enough food in the world but there is an imbalance in its distribution * terrestrial and aquatic food systems have different efficiencies * different food production systems make different demands on the environment * food production is closely linked with culture, tradition and politics * subsistence and commercial farming manage soil in different ways. Undernourishment leads to retardation and social and developmental disorders Malnourishment is when food contains enough energy but lacks nutrients like vitamins, minerals and protein. In most MEDC’s food is cheap In LEDC’s people struggle to produce enough food to sustain them. Distribution is one of the main causes of lack of food for some coutnries. Politically, it affects the world food supply There are differences in the amount of calories that each country consumes The composition of food also differs in MEDC’s and LEDC’s. (more meat in MEDC’s and cereal in LEDC’s) So far the food supply has kept up with our needs Subsistence farming is when farmers practice farming for their families or their own small communities not to gain profit. Commercial farming is profit based farming or ‘cash farming’. Extensive farming uses more land with a lower density of planting and lower inputs and outputs Intensive farming uses land more intensively with greater inputs and outputs. Pastoral farming is the raising of animals Arable farming is sowing...
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...Accenture: Problem Statement Outline Introduction As a global management consulting and outsourcing technology services company, information access and service availability has become a critical asset to the functionality and capability of the organization (Accenture, 2014). Each functional area presents a unique organizational challenge to the table. The ability to mass functional expertise and experienced professional in various market sectors comes with it set of issues related to delivering of high performance we build our claim on. This outline will identify three our most critical issues that will be associated with a problem set in order to evaluate the business impact or affect from the problem. Problem Statement #1: Guaranteeing network services availability and quality for globally expanded organization has some great challenges with the various types of technologies used in each host nation. Also, the restrictions placed on communication media within the host country. This impedes the capabilities of the technology system professionals from providing quality and timely services to the customers. Scope: Too often, the host country’s network infrastructure in a global expansion cannot handle big pipes of data, is technology is either out of date or not user-friendly (Reijers and Liman, 2005). Who does it affect? This problem affects the organization’s credibility and the competitive advantage, the stakeholders (customers, employees, partners, and...
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...science ≴Computer Forensic Science≵. Computer Forensic allows for the evidence of cyber crime to be admissible in court when prosecuting the cyber criminal. In most countries, existing laws are likely to be unenforceable against such crime. Cyber laws, as it stand today, gives rise to both positive & negative consequences. The main negative consequences is the digital soup so vague that many refer to it as the dark sides of technology and that cyber criminal currently have upper hand. The applicability and effectiveness of our existing laws need to be constantly reviewed to face the risk coming from the cyber world. In this paper we are going to firstly describe the computer forensic, cyber crimes, cyber laws of nation & technology challenges. Aim of this paper is to act as a catalyst to raise awareness regarding computer forensic which continues to grow as one of the most important branch of science and help in investigation of cyber crime which continues to grow as one of the most potent threats to the Internet and computer users of the cyber society of 21st century in India Introduction The rapid change occurring in the present era of Information Technology and the computer has gained popularity in every aspect of our lives. This includes the use of computers by persons involved in the commission of crimes. Today, computers play a major role in almost every crime that is committed. Every crime that is committed is not necessarily a...
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...prescriptions through hacking the hospital’s computer system. He was administered the altered prescription by an innocent nurse, this resulted in the death of the patient”[i] This work seeks to define the concept of cyber-crime, identify reasons for cyber-crime, how it can be eradicated, look at those involved and the reasons for their involvement, we would look at how best to detect a criminal mail and in conclusion, proffer recommendations that would help in checking the increasing rate of cyber-crimes and criminals. WHAT IS CYBER – CRIME? Cyber-crime by definition is any harmful act committed from or against a computer or network, it differs according to McConnell International, “from most terrestrial crimes in four ways: they are easy to learn how to commit, they require few resources relative to the potential damages...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 Q.1 MAJOR SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS RESULTING FROM ROADS EXPANSION INTO SUBURBAN AREAS 3 Q.3 THE LINK BETWEEN THE GLOBAL COMMONS AND EFFECTS OF DEPLETION 6 Q.5 UNSUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN KENYA AND RESULTANT ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES AND BEST PRACTICES FOR RESTORATION OF THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGITY 9 Commercial use 9 Land for Grazing 9 Demand for Fuel 9 Illegal Logging 10 Erosion of Soil 10 Loss of Biodiversity 11 Climate Change 11 Population Growth 12 CONCLUSION 13 REFERENCES 14 INTRODUCTION This essay paper is divided into three parts: The first part will discuss the implications of the rapid expansion of roads into suburban areas in Kenya with special focus on the major social and environmental impacts of concern. There is an appreciation that Kenya is experiencing unprecedented road and highway expansion in line with its Vision 2030 Strategic Plan. Mitigations that need to be put in place to reduce the severity of these impacts have also been discussed. The second part discusses the Global commons, their interactions and the effects experienced as a result of depletion of one or more of them. In this essay, “Global commons" refers to something shared in common by a community. Commons presupposes a community - its members can claim equal rights to the common ground. A global commons presupposes a global community. This essay will delve on...
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...Bank (ADB), there has been a drop of 90% in the quantity of marine organisms that can be trawled in some traditional fishing areas of the Philippines. This isn’t just a question of declining fish stocks and biodiversity, but also of social impacts and economic losses. Mismanagement of fisheries resources is estimated to cost US$ 420 million annually in lost revenues. At the root of the overfishing problem is weak fisheries management, ineffective policies and poor enforcement of fishery laws. Deforestation After decades of deforestation, which has left about 3% of the original cover, forests continue to be under threat from agriculture and urbanization, illegal logging and forest fires. Sustained forest loss in the Philippines is causing severe soil erosion, and is threatening the country’s rich biodiversity. This is particularly worrying as many of the Philippines’ species, which depend on these forests, are endemic (they cannot be found anywhere else in the world). For example, of 180 native terrestrial mammal species here, about 61% are endemic. Inconsistent laws, inadequate regulations, weak enforcement and lack of funding are making forest conservation a major challenge. Sources • BirdLife. Red Data Book - Threatened Birds of Asia. Accessed July 11th, 2007. • World Bank. Philippines Environment. Accessed July 11th, 2007. • WWF. 2004. The Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion - Cradle of Life. Accessed July 11th, 2007. WORLD: Climate change Climate change today is less of...
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...Challenges and Opportunities on Kava Dan Russell University of Phoenix MGT 350 February 20, 2011 Dan Konzen Challenges and Opportunities on Kava Aqua Harvest, Inc. has identified an opportunity for expansion of its water treatment and rain harvesting operations on the South Pacific Island of Kava. The island is an ideal situation in desperate need of both the products offered by Aqua Harvest, Inc. and the employment opportunities the expansion will bring. There are numerous challenges such a remote and exposed Island presents to a start up operation and each threat must be addressed to accomplish the directive of the company. Aqua Harvest is financially able to achieve its goals in Kava, but the natural forces are of such an unpredictable nature that the physical establishment of the companies operations on the Island of Kava may be the most difficult. The Island of Kava Kava rests in the South Pacific stronghold of islands near Fiji, Samoa, and Bora Bora. Kava rests ideally in the Hawaii to Australia shipping routes with major ports on and near the island. Kava appears to be a well placed starting point for continued growth throughout the surrounding islands being serviced by both United States and Australian corporate offices. History Until 1970, Kava was a British Colony as it had been for nearly a century. Banking on its economical base of petroleum production, tourism banana and spice exportation, Kava requested and was granted...
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...MO Prof. Carranza CAS 355 12/14/09 The Effect of Globalization in Guatemala’s Biodiversity Guatemala is a country territorially small, but with a unique natural and cultural in the world. It’s condition as the linkage between two continental spheres, also with the variety of terrestrial and edaphic (physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the land) forms, the amplitude altitudinal, pluvial and thermal, between some other factors, are responsible of the existence of a great variety of ecosystems and of species. Also, Guatemala is one of the countries around the world with a big ethnic diversity. This natural and ethnic diversity have generated many ways of interaction and use of the wild species, as to an intense domestic adaptation that has become an important support for the diet of Guatemalans and of many habitants of many other countries. Guatemala has being denominated Mesoamerican Center, is one of eight important world centers of cultivated plants. It is also part of the Mesoamerican Eco-region, which is one of twenty-five terrestrial eco-regions most important in the world, not only for its large biodiversity but also because of the high threats of itself (Galvez, 2000). This essay will present some of the elements of most importance of the biological biodiversity in the development of the human kind, as its relevance of the natural capital. Guatemala it’s a place of big amplitude of different live organisms that interact as to form...
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...Computer Network A computer network is a group of computers that are interconnected by electronic circuits or wireless transmissions of various designs and technologies for the purpose of exchanging data or communicating information between them or their users. Networks may be classified according to a wide variety of characteristics. This article provides a general overview of types and categories and also presents the basic components of a network. Introduction A computer network allows sharing of resources and information among devices connected to the network. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) funded the design of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) for the United States Department of Defense. It was the first operational computer network in the world.[1] Development of the network began in 1969, based on designs developed during the 1960s. For a history see ARPANET, the first network. Purpose Facilitating communications Using a network, people can communicate efficiently and easily via e-mail, instant messaging, chat rooms, telephony, video telephone calls, and videoconferencing. Sharing hardware In a networked environment, each computer on a network can access and use hardware on the network. Suppose several personal computers on a network each require the use of a laser printer. If the personal computers and a laser are connected to a network, the personal computers users each can access the laser printer on the network, as they need...
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...have now developed into a major player within the Canadian economy, acting as its prominent supplier of crude oil. With roughly 2.5 trillion barrels of oil in the ground, the oil sands are one of the largest deposits in the world. However, a problem arises with the extraction process, as it is both expensive and cumbersome with the presence of bitumen within the oil (a highly viscous, black hydrocarbon). Therefore, the extensive extraction process that is required by oil mining companies leads to negative environmental implications. As a result, this paper will discuss the extent of these environmental implications in terms of escalating greenhouse gas emissions, the depletion and contamination of water reserves, and the destruction of terrestrial ecosystems within the Boreal forest. In addition to this, the underlying notion of Alberta’s unlikely future for a sustainable environment. Greenhouse gases (GHG) are emissions within the atmosphere that absorbs and emit radiation, thus damaging the ozone layer. Taking this into consideration, the expansionary development associated with the Athabasca oil sands are rapidly increasing the level of pollution emitted within Canada. The oil sands alone are a source of more than one billion kilograms of air pollutants, placing the province of Alberta as the leading contributor within Canadian industry. Of these pollutants, the most commonly released by industry-burning fossil fuel companies are criteria air contaminants (CACs). CACs include...
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