...The Future of Digital Crimes and Digital Terrorism Strayer University Assignment 4 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course CIS 170 Information Technology in Criminal Justice Dr. Jacob Ogunlade Spring 2015 Table of Contents Certificate of Authorship 3 name 3 Purposes one (1) strategy that the U.S. could use in order to mitigate the challenges in question. 8 Explain the fundamental manner in which the U.S. could align the efforts of federal agencies in order to better protect the nation against digital crimes and terrorisms 9 Conclusion 10 References 12 Certificate of Authorship I have read and understand Strayer University's Academic Integrity Policy. I promise to conduct myself with integrity in the submission of all academic work to the University and will not give or receive unauthorized assistance on the completion of assignments, research papers, examinations or other work. I understand that violations of the Academic Integrity Policy will lead to disciplinary action against me, up to and including suspension or expulsion from the University. I know that all students play a role in preserving the academic integrity of the University and have an obligation to report violations of the Academic Integrity Policy committed by another student. In addition, I name certify that I am the author of this document and any assistance I received in preparing this report fully acknowledged. I have also cited in APA format for all...
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...ABSTRACT This paper gives an outline of the developing cybercrime issue and surveys two criminological speculations that have been connected to the investigation of cybercrime and cybercrime exploitation. Enactment which characterizes cybercrimes. Also gives the lawful base to arraigning such wrongdoings has been produced at both the government and state level. Numerous government law requirement orgs have offices that endeavor to battle a wide scope of PC unlawful acts from PC interruptions to licensed innovation burglary. This paper additionally surveys different meanings of cybercrimes and orders these unlawful acts into three general classes. It then goes ahead to analyze the current level of cybercrime exploitation for both organizations and people in internationally. Digital exploitation has influenced numerous people and organizations in the very states and this issue appears to have expanded as the utilization of PCs and the web expanded in the course of the most recent decade. In the wake of investigating the current level of cybercrime internationally in this paper inspects the use of restraint and routine movement hypothesis to the investigation of cybercrime. Both of these hypotheses can be connected to the investigation of PC wrongdoing and exploitation. We also going to take interview with some IT experts of software and network companies based on cybercrimes. At long last this paper closes with a few proposals for territories of future exploration. ...
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...organizations using ICT among other great advantages derived from using ICT. However, the growth of the information society has been followed by new and serious threats each day. Online fraud and hacking attacks are just some of the examples of computer – related crimes committed on large scale every day. One common definition describes cybercrime as any activity in which computers or networks are a tool, a target or a place of criminal activity. There are several difficulties with this broad definition. It would, for example, cover traditional crimes such as murder, if perchance the offender used a keyboard to hit and kill the victim. Another broader definition is provided in Article 1.1 of the Stanford Draft International Convention to Enhance Protection from Cyber Crime and Terrorism (the “Stanford Draft”), which points out that cybercrime refers to acts in respect to cyber systems (Lewis, 2012). There have been different forms of Cybercrime activities. This includes, but not limited, Denial of Service (DOS) attacks, Malware, and computer viruses. The second class of Cybercrime activities includes, information warfare, phishing, swindles, fraud (Cybercrime, 2012) as well as, cyber-stalking. Computer fraud involves insincere misrepresentations of facts. This could be, altering, destroying and suppressing unauthorized transactions of information. In...
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...major global crimes and criminal issues that have a global impact on national and international justice systems and processes. In addition, the text will discuss the various international justice systems and how these global crimes and criminal issues are addressed. Fueled by open borders, global markets, and the advancement of telecommunications, international crime has become a rising universal problem. In 1995, President Clinton classified international crime as a danger to the national interest of the United States. Therefore, before and since then the federal government has been busy in a converging effort to address various major global crimes, such as human rights and war crimes, organized crime and narcotics, cybercrime, environmental crime, and terrorism (Global Solutions, n.d.). Human Rights and War Crimes are inhuman acts committed by an extensive or systematic attack aimed against individuals, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, slavery, torture, aggression, and war crimes. Organized crime is a profit-driven criminal organization or group who work together to commit illegal acts to achieve a common goal and most international organized crime involves narcotics violations including drug trafficking, drug manufacturing, and drug distribution are common trends in today's international and national organized...
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...businesses that are not prepared or tailored to fight. One of the fastest crimes in the United States and all over the world is cyber-crime. Cyber-crimes are the latest and most complex crimes during this age. Cyber-crime is defined as the disruption communication or electronic devices behavior as it relates to network mainframe, Internet, and telephone. Based on reports, individuals of different ages are committing cyber-crimes due to the accessibility of computers and the ease of committed the crime. The plethora of information on the internet has greatly increased the threat to national security. The 21st century internet, coupled with the social networks, has made it very easy for terrorist to communicate enabling them to commit cyber terrorism. Research conducted by the United States Institute of Peace concluded in 1998 approximately 15 terrorist organizations established websites on the internet. That numbered doubled in 2000 and more than quadrupled from 2003 to 2004. Although the research have overwhelmingly proved terrorist websites exit, those who would have an influence on regulating the websites have chosen to overlook them (Weimann, 2004). From 6 February through 14 March 2011, Norton by Symantec Corporation released a Cyber Crime Analysis Report based on an online survey of 19,636 respondents from 24 countries. The report revealed a total of over four-hundred million adults were victims of cyber-crime within a year of the study; which equated to fourteen victims per...
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...“Categories of Computer Crime” Marcus S. Mathews Professor Fleming CIS 170 7/15/12 Introduction In this week’s assignment, the author will talk about the four categories of computer crimes. The author will give examples of each. The author will also point out which category of computer crime is currently the most prevalent and why he believes this to be so. And finally, the author will try to point out what he believes the criminal justice system can improve upon to better combat cyber crime. The first category of computer crime is the computer as a target. This type of cyber-crime requires a level of technical knowledge from its perpetrators. Cyber-crime is relatively new, however, has been in existence since the implementation of computers in mainstream society. This could be a general explanation as to why and how unprepared society and the world are towards fighting these types of crimes [ (Joseph, 2006) ]. There are numerous crimes of this nature being committed on a daily basis. Examples of cyber-crime where the computer itself is the target include things like data alteration, denial of network access, theft of information, denial of service, and vandalism. The next category that the author would like to point out is the computer as an instrument of a crime. What this means is that the computer is used to profit with some other criminal activity in mind. Some examples of this are general theft, theft of service, fraud, and threats and/or harassment [ (Taylor...
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...The difference between cybercrime and traditional crime include technology allowing individuals to commit traditional types of crime without leaving their home. Another difference is individuals who are involved in computer crimes have the ability to commit criminal acts across state lines, or even across international boundaries, often time making it impossible to prosecute. An illegal act performed via the internet in one state, might not be illegal in another. There are four types of cybercrimes in relation to traditional crimes. First, Identity theft is a high tech crime that can be compared to its traditional counterpart of larceny. Second, cybercrimes crimes that involve illegal online gambling can be compared with the traditional form of illegal gambling. In certain states, there are legalized forms of gambling, yet internet gambling allows an individual in one state, that may prohibit such acts, gamble in another state or country, in which it is legal. Then, cyber stalking is comparable to stalking a person offline, and is another criminal act that proposes problems. Lastly, cybercrime involving cyber terrorism is comparable to its more traditional form of terrorism. A hacker’s purpose is to breach and bypass any type of cyber security so that they can see information that is set to be private for whatever reasons. Hackers have learned to exploit software and access networks and websites without administrator permission. Hacking began as a mostly mischievous venture...
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...years has led to the increase in new form of crime – cybercrime – throughout the world. Cybercrimes are responsible for the interruption of normal computer functions and have been known to cause the downfall of many companies. This research paper aims to discuss following aspects of cybercrimes: the definition, who they affect and some cybercrime prevention procedures. Broadly speaking, this report will display all necessary information helping people avoid being victims of cybercrimes. Table of contents ABSTRACT 1. Introduction 2. Discussion of findings 2.1. What are cybercrimes? 2.2. What are the effects of cybercrimes? 2.3.1. Potential economic impact 2.3.2. Impact on consumer trust 2.3.3. Impact on national security 2.3. How to prevent cybercrimes? 2. Conclusion REFERENCES 1. Introduction In our modern technology-driven age, keeping our personal information private is becoming more and more difficult. The truth is, highly classified details are becoming more available to public databases because we are more interconnected than ever. This creates a negative stigma that the use of technology is dangerous because practically anyone can access one’s private information for a price. Technology continues to promise to ease our daily lives, however, there are dangers of using technology. One of the main dangers of using technology is cybercrimes. Cybercrimes are any crimes that cause harm to another individuals...
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...Cybercrime: The Real Deal Reginald McInnis SEC 402 Information Warfare and Homeland Security Strayer University Spring 2012 Instructor: Professor Scott McCrea In our society there are many different way of communication around the world. With the rapid usage of the Internet and the access of personal computers, we must be aware of the global threats that await the consumer and business it we are not prepared and educated. One of the fastest crime in the United States and all over the world is cybercrime. What is exactly cybercrime? According to the book Scene of the Cybercrime author Michael Cross defines it as a broad and generic term that refers to crimes committed using computers and the Internet, and can generally be defined as a subcategory of computer crime. It can be also said that cybercrime can lead to criminal offenses committed using the internet or another computer network as a tool of the crime (Cross, 2008). According to the Computer Security Institute's Computer Crime and Security Survey for 2007, 494 computer security professionals in the United States corporations, government agencies, universities, and financial medical institutions reported that computer fraud was the greatest source of financial losses, with losses resulting from virus attacks falling into second place for the first time in seven years. In addition to this, 29 percent of the organizations suffered a computer intrusion that they reported to law enforcement (www.gocsi...
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...Since the early 1990s, the internet has grown technologically faster and with more capabilities than any other type of technology in the world, leaving the United State with a sense of fear with this type of network being a risk to our national security. While most of us find the internet to be a great tool of information, and unlimited capabilities, it can devastate us personally and financially. The internet can increase the risk of theft, fraud and even the possibility to suffer from a cyber-attack or even worse a cyber-terrorism, leaving our country at risk especially for those who work in the government defense agencies and private corporations. In 2003, the conflict with Iraq created a round of speculations that the United States was going to experience cyber-attacks in revenge (Clarke). But, since 1995 there haven’t been any reports of cyber-attacks that would produce panic or damage to U.S. infrastructure or that affects our military operations. By any means this is not a result of idleness by terrorist groups. Between 1996 and the end of 2001 there was 1,813 international terrorist attacks performed. To mention a few that involved citizen targets, there is the Khobar Tower Bombing in June 1996, the Embassy Bombing in East Africa in August 1998, and the USS Cole attack in October 2000. Between 1996 and 2003, to compare between terrorist attacks around 1,813, computer security incidents around 217,394 and cyber-attacks on infrastructure which they were 0, reporters have...
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...Security, the Secret Service, the FBI, and local law enforcement agencies all share some of the same challenges. These challenges range from the critical needing of equipment, getting the required training, and having or obtaining the needed resources. Fighting cybercrime can be quiet overwhelming if law agencies do not have the special training needed for the job and have obtain the knowledge. Local law agencies compared to the federal agencies tend to be behind in the technology and fail to have the proper training in effort to fight cybercrime. This is were the U.S. Government could take an approach in ensuring all local law agencies get the proper training needed. Sure, it would be a costly amount but putting in an effort on the safety for computer users whom are citizens can be priceless. Just think how much safer would the U.S. be if all efforts were being put into training in fighting cybercrime. Laws and regulations should be enforced with maximum penalties. Criminals are thinking it is easier to commit a crime on the Internet because it is less observed, but since the terrorist act of 9/11, all computer activity is now being monitored. To better protect the nation against computer crimes and terrorism the U.S. Government will need to ensure that all states and local law agencies are up to par and have the training needed. The criminals are keeping up with the advancement of the technology with computers, so will the government in effort to help fight against...
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...Gaps in Understanding EN234 – Computers in Law Enforcement July 6, 2013 Ivy Bridge College/Tiffin University Abstract The goal of this article is provide an explanation of cybercrime offenses, and how they are committed, in order to provide the reader a better understanding of digital crime, such has hacking, identity theft, internet fraud and terrorism and what are the responsibilities of the internet provider in protecting the consumer against these attacks. A look out how children are being affected by cybercrime as well will be explored. In conclusion, possible solutions to cybercrime and agencies in which are responsible for the safety of the public will be reviewed and discussed on how these gaps can be addressed to improve the safety of the consumer (Gercke, 2012). Gaps in Understanding Over the past couple of decades, the internet has been beneficial to students, non-profit organizations, businesses and government. In addition, the increase of cyber-crime has also increased. It is necessary for parents, teachers, industry, and the government progressively thinking about protecting the Internet from the kids who may abuse it. According to the Department of Justice computer crime is categorized in three ways: 1. Cyber criminals target computers by spreading viruses and destroying valuable information needed to keep business in operation. 2. Cyber criminals use the computer as a weapon to commit traditional crimes, such as fraud or illegal gambling...
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...Definition Categories of cyber crime Types of cyber crime Cybercrime statistics Cyber Threat Evolution Cyber crime in Philippines Safety tips Conclusion WHAT DO YOU KNOW? INTRODUCTION • Cybercrime is a term used broadly to describe activity in which computers or networks are a tool, a target, or a place of criminal activity. INTRODUCTION • Examples of cybercrime in which the computer or network is a TOOL of the criminal activity - Spamming and - Criminal copyright crimes, particularly those facilitated through peer-to-peer networks. INTRODUCTION • Examples of cybercrime in which the computer or network is a TARGET of criminal activity • - Unauthorized access (i.e, defeating access controls), • - malicious code, and denial-of-service attacks. INTRODUCTION • Examples of cybercrime in which the computer or network is a PLACE of criminal activity - theft of service (in particular, telecom fraud) and - certain financial frauds. BRIEF HISTORY • The first recorded cyber crime took place in the year 1820. That is not surprising considering the fact that the abacus, which is thought to be the earliest form of a computer, has been around since 3500 B.C. DEFINITION • Cyber Crime is a Crime committed using a computer and the internet to steal a person’s identity or illegal imports or malicious programs. Cybercrime is nothing but where the computer used as an object or subject of crime. DEFINITION • Cybercrime is any illegal act committed using a computer network...
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...An Examination of Cybercrime and Cybercrime Research: Self-control and Routine Activity Theory Katherine M. Grzybowski Arizona State University 1 March 2012 Cybercrime 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................3 2. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................4 3. A REVIEW OF CYBERCRIME ...................................................................6 3.1 Cybercrime Legislation ............................................................................7 3.1.1 Federal Laws .................................................................................7 3.1.2 State Laws ......................................................................................9 3.2 Cybercrime Law Enforcement Agencies ................................................11 3.3 Classifying Cybercrime ............................................................................16 3.4 National Levels of Cybercrime ................................................................19 3.4.1 Business Cyber Victimization ......................................................20 3.4.2 Individual Cyber Victimization ...................................................22 4. A REVIEW OF THEORIES..........................................................................26 4.1 Self-control Theory ....................................
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...Military University “American military superiority on the conventional battlefield pushes its adversaries toward unconventional alternatives.” - Carter, Ashton B., John Deutch, and Philip Zelikow Terrorism is not a new phenomenon. The use of terror tactics as a means of coercion, dates back to the 1st and 14th centuries AD. The first documented instance of terrorism that most resembled modern day terrorist tactics is attributed to the Zealots of Judea. This “terrorist” group showed many if not all the characteristics of modern day terrorists; being politically/religiously motivated, the organization of their group, and ultimately their goal, which was to strike fear into not only the current leaders or governing authority but into anyone who they felt agreed with the current state of politics. In short, though, their endeavor was ultimately unsuccessful, “the fact that they are remembered hundreds of years later, demonstrates the deep psychological impact they caused” (terrorism-research, 2013, n.p). Though terrorism is often associated with physical acts of violence, the ever increasing globalization of the world, and the increasing dependency on technology has given way to a new tactic that can be destructive to property, finances, and media. Cyber-terrorism is a new occurrence but is highly effective, and until recently the United States had no formal “cyber-protection” in the private sector. The beginning of the cyber-defense initiative is debatable. However...
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