...BRIEFING ON THE THREAT OF TERRORISM POSED TOWARDS TELECOMS ORGANISATIONS OPERATING IN AFRICA Purpose: The purpose of this briefing note is to present an overview of terrorist threats within Africa, spesifically towards the ... organisation operating in Africa and to make recommendations on how to mitigate the risk. Background: Terrorism: “the United Nations General Assembly has condemned terrorist acts using the following political description of terrorism: "Criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for political purposes are in any circumstance unjustifiable, whatever the considerations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or any other nature that may be invoked to justify them." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitions_of_terrorism Terrorism has become a global threat and is not just confined to the theatre of war, it is also not only targeted at nations involved in those conflicts like the United States (9/11) and Great Britain (the July 7 London Bombings) but also with any nation and organization that is seen as an ally of such nations. ESICS Briefing on THE TERRORISM THREAT LINKED TO THE LIBYAN CRISIS states “obviously on the top of the list of likely targets for Colonel Gaddafi are the United Kingdom and France, they are closely followed by the United States (an old and usual enemy of Libya but also by the Arab countries taking part in the coalition...
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...Money laundering and terrorism financing risks in Botswana introDuction Botswana has a relatively good legal foundation to fight financial crime in general. With the second reading of the Financial Intelligence Bill and the regulation of non-financial institutions prone to money laundering, the legal framework will be remarkably enhanced. However, Botswana has not yet undertaken an assessment of its risks and vulnerabilities to money laundering and the financing of terrorism in terms of international requirements. Significantly, Botswana’s legal framework does not recognise the risk of money laundering in either limited- or high-risk situations. This is in spite of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) espousing a country-specific risk analysis and application of a regulative framework for all forms of business relationships. The rationale for adopting the risk-based approach is that a better understanding of the extent, form, production and disposal or use of the proceeds of crime helps to determine the appropriate interventions. Tentative steps towards establishing trends in money laundering and the financing of terrorism have been taken over the past few years. A team of World Bank experts visited Botswana at the end of 2006 to assess the implementation of the FATF anti-money laundering and counter-financing of terrorism (AML and CFT) standards. In early 2007 the Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime (DCEC), in collaboration with the Institute for Security Studies (ISS)...
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...The Horrors of Boko Haram When people hear the word terrorism, fear becomes a primary emotion. There are many different kinds of terrorism that can occur. There are also many different kinds of groups that can use terrorism to influence others or get the results they seek. But to the person or group committing terrorism it isn’t terrorism in their eyes. In their eyes, it becomes a type of political or social protest. This is key in understanding the Boko Haram simply because they truly believed what they were doing was right and by doing the heinous activities they would get their point across. It is also important to see what theoretical perspectives the Boko Haram ties into and lastly how globalization and the global village fall into it as well. The Boko Haram is a Nigeria radical Islamist group that has caused numerous havoc throughout Africa. The groups official name is Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda’awati wal-Jihad, which means “People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet’s Teachings.” Boko Haram was founded in 2002 by Mohammed Yusuf. The group was taken over by Abubakar Shekau when Yusuf was killed in 2009. Boko Haram promotes a “version of Islam which makes it "haram", or forbidden, for Muslims to take part in any political or social activity associated with Western society” (BBC News). This included voting in elections, wearing shirts and trousers or receiving a secular education. A main goal that the group pushed to achieve was to create an Islamic...
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...Boko Haram in Nigeria Name School Boko Haram in Nigeria Following the September 11, 2001, attack in the United States of America, terrorism took a new dimension, not just in the country, but across the globe. The scale of terrorism spread to other regions, with terror groups increasing their diverse agendas. In addition to this increment, the need to develop new counter-terror campaigns became inevitable. Terrorism is an act of spreading brutality against the civilians with the aim of realizing political or aggressive goals. In the recent past, major continents have been terror victims, driven by different armed groups with various agendas. Defining terrorism is sometimes tricky. This is because they can be seen as freedom fighters to the natives but to the government or civilians, they are terrorists. More often than not, terrorists are driven by hatred that is passed through generations. What aspired towards the September attack towards the United States of America was perceived animosity between the Muslims in the Middle East and the Americans. In fact, the majority of the causalities were the Americans, while the terrorist were affiliated with al Qaeda. As mentioned earlier, what started as hatred against the Americans turned out to be a global catastrophe. The Western part of Africa is no exception, particularly in Nigeria. In the past decade, al Qaeda-affiliated group commonly referred to as the Boko Haram has been on the rampage in Nigeria. Boko Haram is drawn from...
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...2013 Source: By Catherine Herridge (January 31, 2013) Re: Al Qaeda affiliate in Africa looking to strike more western targets, intelligence officials say. Retrieved from: al-qaeda-affiliate-in-africa-aspiring-to-strike-more-western-targets. Retrieved January 31, 2013. The article I selected for this weeks current event is about the continuous efforts of Al Qaeda to attack Westerners. According to senior U.S. intelligence officials Al Qaeda affiliates in North Africa aspires to strike more U.S. and other western targets in the region (Herridge, 2013). Although there aren’t any confirmed reports or plotted events, U.S intelligence continuous to investigate these allegations and tips. The concerns are related to the attraction of foreigners by extremists the same way in which Afghanistan attracted foreigners prior to the 9/11 attacks. The article expands on the fight against Al Qaeda and terrorism in general. In a recent congressional hearing held on September 11, 2012 Secretary Hillary Clinton said, "Yes, we now face a spreading jihadist threat. We have driven a lot of the (Al Qaeda) operatives out of ... Afghanistan, Pakistan. Killed a lot of them, including of course, Bin Laden. But we have to recognize this is a global movement’. After the September 11th attacks we realized that we too are vulnerable to terrorism and therefore, vigilance is of the essence in order for the US to protect its citizens...
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...global leadership and its image. Like in the area of the U.S. foreign policy in which its global image defends upon that has also significant implications on its economy, global economic and political interest. Hypothesis The evolution U.S. Foreign Policy for example has been intertwined with the changes of the socio-economic-political and technological landscapes. But for the first time in U.S. History, Terrorism has become the major cause of the abrupt changed in its Foreign Policy which has some serious implications on its national security, political and economic interests in different regions of the globe including West African region which composed of countries like Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mauritania, Namibia, Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, and Congo. Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conduct discussion and analysis on the United States Security and Economic Cooperation (policy) for West Africa Since the terrorist attacks of 9/11. As one must take note that such region is entwined with serious economic and political factors that would help the United States...
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...knew very little as to what the situation was. At 8:45 AM ET on that day, the first plane hijacked the north tower of the World Trade Center. The building goes into smoke as bodies jump to their deaths, one by one, as life flashed before their eyes. Exactly 18 minutes later, at 9:03 AM ET, the second plane crashed into the south tower of the World Trade Center. America knew that this wasn’t an accident, but this was a terrorist attack on the United States. Situations as such make me question how strong airport security really is. It is not just terrorism that I am worried about when it comes to the strength of airport’s security systems, but other situations like Ebola coming from Africa into the United States and illegal drug smuggling concerns me, as well. Although airport security is a frustrating job that requires a lot of patience, however, it is a very serious job that needs to be stronger in fixing situations such as terrorism, disease spreading (such as Ebola), and illegal drug smuggling. Airport security is defined as, “The area in an airport where people are checked to make sure they...
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...Defining Terrorism Name University Professor CRJ 440, Terrorism and Antiterrorism Assignment 1: Difficulties of Defining Terrorism Today’s world is one where states are increasingly subject to the consequences of globalization, and because of this national security has become a key topic of every roundtable. There’s been no such international phenomenon that has demonstrated such evolve and garnered as much attention as the growth of terrorism. The truth is terrorism has existed throughout time; subsequently, the events of 9/11 propelled the United States into what has become labeled the War on Terrorism. With this, governments worldwide were required to implement protective policies against such attacks or in some cases take military action. With such policies, the development of counter-terrorist strategies require a definition of what terrorism is. According to Clarke (2009), the difficulty in assigning a truly comprehensive definition to terrorism lies in the fact that, not only is it challenging to be specific when motives, targets and methods differ so broadly from case-to-case, but the complexity of untangling the overlaps within each of these categories makes the task virtually impossible. Terrorism as defined by FBI The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) classifies terrorism in three branches: international terrorism, domestic terrorism, and federal crime of terrorism. As referenced in Chapter 113B of the Code 18 U.S.C. § 2331, terrorism involves...
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...impacted both Africa and Southwest Asia. A repercussion that both countries experienced, was a loss of resources and population concerns. The violence caused by imperialism in Africa and Southwest Asia materialized in different forms, in Africa the issue was ethnic tensions, the apartheid, and genocides. Southwest Asia has faced the civil wars and the threat of terrorism. In both areas, violence has found different forms. During the time period England practiced social darwinism which is when stronger countries dominate weaker areas. In Africa, natives faced the Congo Genocide, where King Leopold II of Belgium, was responsible for 10 million Congolese deaths. During this time, there was a high demand for rubber and ivory in England,...
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...Democracy And Development In The Case Of Nigeria The West African region is a place where vast natural resources exist. It was a region where Colonial powers sought to get raw materials to feed their growing demand for industrialization. The Federal Republic of Nigeria was amongst these colonized states that The British Colonial power took advantage of. The British ruled Colonial Nigeria for 45 years, before handing over power on October 1, 1960. But, much like the aftermath of many other successful independence struggles in Africa, Nigeria too suffered the consequence of colonization post the British. Left with a weak central government, Nigeria could not begin a culture of an all-inclusive democratic means of governance. Seven years after independence; The Republic of Biafra, a separatist movement formed and raged havoc in the country. The struggle for self-determination now took its roots in southeastern Nigeria. The question of self-determination is not a question of autonomy as is, but really a question of rights, respect and freedom. The struggle of nations and nationalities for respect and dignity is a plea for equitable democracy. When the national question of democracy is answered, the demand of nations and nationalities will also be answered. Reason being, it is important to create a system of equitable democracy, and a culture of governance whereby the dignity and the rights of all humanity is respected and protected before the law. To lead such a system, leaders...
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...The People’s Republic of China Positions for the Group of 77 (G-77) ______________________________________________________________________________ I. Examining International Terrorism: Developing a Joint Proposal for Counter-Terrorism Efforts The People’s Republic of China recognizes the need for the international community to adopt a comprehensive approach with cooperative measures in a multi-faceted method to combat global terrorism. The world has experienced decades of pointless terrorist attacks--in particular, the tragic loss of life on September 11th, 2001 in The United States. As proven throughout history, force alone cannot fundamentally resolve disputes and conflicts, and the national concept of security based on the use of force and the threat to use force can hardly bring about lasting peace in today’s world. Against this backdrop, an intensive cooperative security measure featuring dialogue and cooperation has emerged as the new global agenda. China’s security concept seeks common security against terrorism threats in developing nations through mutually-beneficial cooperation established through international cooperation against the use of terrorism. Terrorism is a result of complex array of political, economic, and social factors which cannot be resolved by military force alone. Only through strengthening of dialogue and cooperation between nations throughout the world can a fundamental approach to common security be achieved. Estimations show that global...
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...Introduction This assignment comprises of two articles, which deal with International Terrorism How not to fight Terrorism by Mukul Sharma and Exporting the Patriot Act? Democracy and the ‘war on terror’ in the Third World by Beth Elise Whitaker and a report named The Terror of Law UAPA and the Myth of National Security, by CDRO, which deals with terrorism on National level. The basic definition of terrorism is ‘the use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purpose.’ An act of terrorism might be terrorism to one country whereas patriotism to another country. There are different definitions of terrorism by different agencies. There is no accurate definition of Terrorism as there is difference of opinion...
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...The 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa Name: Institution: Professor: Course: No. of Words= 2646 words. The 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa Introduction When South Africa won the lobby for hosting the 2010 FIFA world cup, news went viral about it and almost reached everyone in the world. It was a great moment of joy and celebrations especially in the African countries. This jubilant joy and pomp celebrations might have been because of the continent’s attempts in bidding to host this mega sport event without success. Many people around the world had their eyes fixed on South Africa, some questioning the ability of the country to host such a famous activity in the world’s calendar. Some people saw fun; others saw failure and the rest predicted the worst scenario of terrorist attack. These reactions on this event were based on South Africa’s economic ability to prepare adequately for the occasion. Similarly, terror attacks and other security challenges were highly suspected considering the weaknesses in the South Africa’s security system. On the contrary, some companies affiliated to FIFA like Coca cola, Adidas and the KIA Motors, among others, saw a business opportunity there. They sponsored the event, alongside FIFA and the South African government, by providing services the football funs who gathered there, local and international, needed (Collins 2009). This business report, therefore, exhumes the motives behind the sponsorship, expectations, challenges faced during the...
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...children who are trained in hostile environments and taught to adopt and become terrorists. This is the case for Somalia. Somalia is an eastern African country that borders Kenya to the west, Ethiopia to the north and the Indian Ocean to the east. For the past few decades, the country has gained international attention due to the challenges of warfare facing the country. It has become a breeding zone for the Al-Shabaab community that is responsible for a number of attacks in neighboring and overseas countries (Le Sage, 2010). Being opposed to the leadership of the government, this group is responsible for perpetrating a variety of irregular warfare activities including terrorism and pirating. Irregular Warfare Activities As identified above, the major threats of the Al-Shabaab military group include terrorism and pirating. Despite advancement in technology of the west, this group has been in the forefront in impacting the world with a sense of fear and horror. Whenever an attack occurs, people are anxious to know the group responsible for the attack. The Al-Shabaab is an extension of the most notorious group of terrorist in the Middle East known as the Al-Qaeda (Morgan, 2008). For a long time the challenges posed by this groups include man-slaughter and hostage attack situations with the recent being on Kenya’s biggest West-gate Mall Attack. This was one of the biggest attacks that the group has perpetrated in the recent past. According to the...
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...children who are trained in hostile environments and taught to adopt and become terrorists. This is the case for Somalia. Somalia is an eastern African country that borders Kenya to the west, Ethiopia to the north and the Indian Ocean to the east. For the past few decades, the country has gained international attention due to the challenges of warfare facing the country. It has become a breeding zone for the Al-Shabaab community that is responsible for a number of attacks in neighboring and overseas countries (Le Sage, 2010). Being opposed to the leadership of the government, this group is responsible for perpetrating a variety of irregular warfare activities including terrorism and pirating. Irregular Warfare Activities As identified above, the major threats of the Al-Shabaab military group include terrorism and pirating. Despite advancement in technology of the west, this group has been in the forefront in impacting the world with a sense of fear and horror. Whenever an attack occurs, people are anxious to know the group responsible for the attack. The Al-Shabaab is an extension of the most notorious group of terrorist in the Middle East known as the Al-Qaeda (Morgan, 2008). For a long time the challenges posed by this groups include man-slaughter and hostage attack situations with the recent being on Kenya’s biggest West-gate Mall Attack. This was one of the biggest attacks that the group has...
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