... it seems that during the Cold War and the War on Terror, many of the feelings that citizens felt were the same, but what America called the enemy was different. Following the September 11th attacks, there was a feeling of paranoia felt throughout America similar to the paranoia felt during the Cold War. Americans did not feel safe, and an attack could come at any time. The fight on the home front looked different during the Cold War and the War on Terrorism. During the Cold War there was more of a correlation between fighting Communism, and buying consumer goods. During the war on terrorism Americans were asked to give up some of their rights in order to maintain their safety. There is an abundance of similarities between the Cold War and the War and Terror. In Echoes of the Cold War, Elaine Tyler May says, “The war against terrorism, like the struggle against Communism, defines the enemy as a worldwide conspiracy…with operatives infiltrating the United States.” In both wars, America was not just fighting a group of people; America was also fighting an idea. In the Cold war, America was fighting of Communism. The USA believed they were truly free, and that in order for other countries to be truly free they had to embrace capitalism and consumerism. America tried to spread capitalism to Vietnam and Korea by fighting in those countries, similarly to how America tried to bring Democracy to Iraq and Afghanistan. In the War on Terrorism, the idea that America was fighting...
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...Ryan L. Vayda Instructor Combating vs. Negotiating With Terrorist For as long as we know it, the War on Terror has an everlasting battle. This constant fight utilizes the use of all federal power and authority to capture or kill terrorists and to continuously keep them from having control of any country. It is evident that the most efficient way to handle this is to cut off or eliminate their allies who provide funding and other things they need to survive. However, others feel that being able to negotiate with certain terrorist groups is the best way of preventing attacks. Either way you look at it, America is at war with a global terrorist movement fueled by a drastic creed of hatred, tyranny, and executions. The first thing to consideration is the opinionated aspect and state firmly if negotiations with terrorists will lead to a satisfactory political compromise between them and their possible victims. I, for one, am for it....
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...deal with International Terrorism How not to fight Terrorism by Mukul Sharma and Exporting the Patriot Act? Democracy and the ‘war on terror’ in the Third World by Beth Elise Whitaker and a report named The Terror of Law UAPA and the Myth of National Security, by CDRO, which deals with terrorism on National level. The basic definition of terrorism is ‘the use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purpose.’ An act of terrorism might be terrorism to one country whereas patriotism to another country. There are different definitions of terrorism by different agencies. There is no accurate definition of Terrorism as there is difference of opinion...
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...Abstract Global terrorism would appear to be the curse of our modern society. Turn on any television and world news will be reporting on an act of terror or its consequences. Prime examples of this include the destruction of the World Trade Centre, the bombing of the Underground system in London, the Mumbai nightclub bombings to name but a few of the more prominent events over the last decade. These acts have crystallized the focus of public attention to ensure that the topic of terrorism will remain high on the global political agenda for many years to come. However, terrorism is not a new phenomenon. On a global scale, terrorism has been alive and well for many decades. What has changed is the emergence of the global financial market and the modus operendi of the modern day terrorist groups. A terrorist act of sinking a crude oil carrier in the Straits of Hormuz for example, could have a direct impact on the price of crude oil and petroleum on the world market, to say nothing of shipping carrier prices and maritime insurance. Like ripples in a pond, the act would have far reaching consequences. Quantifying terrorism has now become an important tool both for the financial sectors 9who use it predominantly for insurance based risk analysis and also for government bodies who could use it for spotting emerging trends in terrorism and therefore investing in anti and counter terror procedures. So why might it be difficult to quantify terrorism? This paper attempts to answer...
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...#3 War and Religion The history of human warfare goes back to the beginning of recorded history. Wars have been fought over Power, space, resources, personal preference, insults, to defend, racism, independence, and religion. People can be pretty passionate about their religious beliefs. So, it is not surprising that at least a few famous wars have resulted from disagreements about religion. Atheists say that most wars are fought over religion and without religion clouding the minds of individuals that most if not all wars would be eradicated from world. “John Lennon” sings in one of his songs “Imagine no religion” implying that without religion no wars would be fought. So how can all these “atheist” and political figures think that a majority of wars are fought over religion? I in fact think the opposite and would like to share some of my ideas with you. If wars were fought mainly over religion than history has deceived us. A recent comprehensive compilation of the history of human warfare, “Encyclopedia of Wars” by Charles Phillips and Alan Axelrod documents 1763 wars, of which 123 have been classified to involve a religious conflict. So, what atheists have considered being "most" really amounts to less than 7% of all wars. It is interesting to note that 66 of these wars (more than 50%) involved Islam, which did not even exist as a religion for the first 3,000 years of recorded human warfare. These numbers show a staggering truth in the matter that most wars are...
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...Providing Appropriate Tools required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (“Highlights of the...” ). President George W. Bush signed this act into effect on October 26, 2001 to facilitate information sharing, detection, and punishment of terrorism (Duignan). Up until the September 11 attacks, the worst...
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...Running header: Just War Theory The Just War Theory Regarding the War on Terrorism Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Abstract The modern interpretation of the Just War Theory list seven conditions which must met in order for a war to be considered “Just” (jus ad bellum). This paper demonstrates that, while it has been suggested that all wars, even the current war on terrorism, are unjust, the facts remain that any war that meets each of the seven criteria is a just war, regardless of opinion. Throughout the ages man has always looked to bring about the end of war, or when war has been waged to minimize the destruction caused when nations war. According to the text;”these rules were worked out in the late Middle Ages by the so-called Schoolmen or Scholars, building on the Roman law and early Christian thinkers such as Augustine and Ambrose. (The Moral of the Story, 2006) These rules were developed to first, deter wars, but when determined necessary, to limit the scope and suffering from the war. While not completely universal in scope, most advanced western societies have embraced the theory of just war as a bases for determining when, and if, a war is justified. As set forth by the Schoolmen, there are seven criteria that must be considered and met before nations can engage in war. They are; the Last Resort, a Just Cause, a Legitimate, Competent Authority, Comparative Justice, Right Intention, Probability of Success...
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...2004 vs. 2008 elections Apart from different candidates, the mood of America had shifted from 2004 to 2008.The media played a role in how the public viewed the topics at play. How the candidates communicated to the public also made these two election years starkly different from each other. In 2004, the Bush Jr. vs. Kerry campaign showcased different points of views that resonated deeply along party lines. Bush’s conservative view highlighted national security, a strong moral code, and less government in business. His “War on Terror” and the recent uplift in the economy struck a deep cord with other conservative (right-wing) voters. On the other hand, his opponent Kerry’s liberal view emphasized more government, opposition to the war in Iraq, and economic issues. Bush was successful in positioning himself as a decisive leader who responded swiftly to the attacks of September 2011. 1 He portrayed his opponent John Kerry as a “flip flopper” and one who was incapable of protecting the American people. Americans vote for the candidate that best represents their point of view. With that said, those who focused on terrorism and moral codes sided with Bush. In contrast to those who were concerned about the war in Iraq, and economic challenges such as jobs and health care sided with Kerry. 2 The strong feelings of polarization played a role in this election. As Edward Carmines and James Stimson demonstrated, the collapse of the racial issue into the traditional...
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...HABEAS CORPUS AND THE WAR ON TERROR POL 201 AMERICAN NATIONAL GOVERNMENT JEFFREY LONG JANUARY 27, 2014 September 11, 2001 has brought about many changes in the form of how the country protects itself from terrorists. In particular, how we handle individuals captured and labeled as enemy combatants. The United States Naval Station in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba(GITMO) is land leased to the United States under the Cuban-American Treaty of 1903 for the use of coaling and a Naval station. Since 2002, the naval base has operated a detention camp for alleged enemy combatants captured in Afghanistan, Iraq, and other places. Legal issues surrounding the imprisonment without due process is an argument that has continued since the opening of this facility. This essay will argue why the rights afforded by the Constitution should be afforded to detainees at GITMO in terms of habeas corpus. Habeas corpus is a demand by a court to a jailer to produce the prisoner and announce the charges(Levin-Waldman, 2012). Derived from English common law, habeas corpus first appeared in the Magna Carta of 1215 and is the oldest human right in the history of English-speaking civilization. The doctrine of habeas corpus stems from the requirement that a government must either charge a person or let him go free. The Bush administration’s decision to incarcerate enemy combatants at GITMO without habeas corpus has tested the scope and commitment of this constitutional right(Schultz, 2011). This right is...
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...------------------------------------------------- THE NEW WORLD ORDER Terms by George Bush Senior Can be generally divided into three stages of transformation: * From the end of the Cold War until 9/11 * From 9/11 until the Global Financial Crisis * From the GFC to present day ------------------------------------------------- From the Cold War until 9/11 * Period from 1989 until 2011 * After a stagnant period, the 1990s turned into a decade of economic growth * Globalization saw a technological revolution * Number of states increased at the UN 1989: End of power politics * End of Bipolarity – The Cold War was marked as an era of bipolarity in which the US-inspired capitalist system ‘played off’ against the Soviet-inspired ‘state socialism’. * NATO vs WARSAW PACT; US dollar system played off by COMECON * Move towards Perestroika effectively killed off competition – leading to a reduction of ideological contestation End of Ideology/ Victory of Capitalism? * Belief that capitalism ‘triumphed’ over socialism – greater expansion of capitalist norms. * TINA syndrome. With the exception of a few ‘rogue’ states, most have realized its best to ‘play’ the game and embraced market values. * Led to: * 1. The ‘Retreat of the State’ argument * 2. The ‘End of History thesis’ Post-Cold War Triumphantism * Led to the liberalization moves in the 1990s and the renewal of International Organizations * Increase in collective forms of Security ...
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...Kant when discussing torture, both having two completely different views. Kant uses moral reasoning, “categorical imperative”, which says that a person’s behavior should live up to moral laws. He states that moral laws are the truth of reason and that all rational people should oblige to the same moral law. He focuses on moral verses immoral actions, allowing us to make easier decisions that involve only bad and good. Kant does not however talk about decisions when faced with the opposite, for example, when faced with bad vs bad or good vs good. He talks about having belief in free will, God and the eternal soul. Freedom plays a...
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...media. 5. Palestine is missing from the agenda of the United Nations ;nor is The United States ready to press on nor Israel ready to accommodate Palestinians.Elaborate. 6. The world politics stands more derisive than it was ever before due to the specific imperialist designs/The Politics of Empowerment in Pakistan.Elucidate/Political is the art of possible. Discuss. 7. Pakistan and War on Terror: Gains and Losses 8. Status of Women in Islam./The state of women Rights in Pakistan/Can women be equal to men in Pakistan?/Why is there no status of the third gender in Pakistan?/Does Pakistani society regard women as the angel in the house of the source of all evils? 9. Provincial Autonomy. 10. Climate Change:A Myth or Reality!/Global Warming/Climate Change/Greenhouse Effect 11. Is Foreign Aid the SOLUTION TO POVERTY in Pakistan or Self-reliance might be our saviour ?/Foreign Aid and Pakistan’s Economic Condition 12. Brain Drain-causes and consequences 13. Exceeding The Mandate: Judicial Activism In Pakistan/Judicial activism threatens democracy/Judicial Activism vs Democratic Consolidation in Pakistan 14. Peace the Essential Message of our Religion./Religion has...
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...of this nation and through its influential power, has allowed this country to progress. The constitution was drafted in September 17, 1787 and enacted in March 4, 1789. Being over 200 years old, the Constitution has underwent 17 amendments. The first ten amendments are the Bill of Rights, with a 17 amendments making for a total of 27 amendments. These changes were due to the shifts of view and values of our society. Although the founders of the constitution could not foretell the future of our country, there was sense of understanding that the constitution was a much needed piece legislation to create a balance within the law. As we noted above, the constitution has evolved and will continue evolve over time. Jack Goldsmith, author of The Terror Presidency: Law and Judgment Inside the Bush and Administration and Robert Dahl, author of How Democratic is the American Constitution?, both have a working knowledge of the constitution, but in their various writings, have indicated that the constitution is not so democratic as it was intended to be. The Constitution should be respected by all individuals, and its administration and interpretation should be fair and just. Jack Goldsmith served as legal adviser to the General Counsel of the Department of Defense for the Bush administration from 2002 until 2004. In October 2003 he was appointed as a United States Assistant Attorney General, leading the Office of Legal Counsel in the Department of Justice under Attorney General John Ashcroft...
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...Security versus Freedom For years the controversial topic of security versus freedom has divided our nation. For centuries the United States has prided itself on being a free country where people are allowed to do things like vote, voice their opinions, peacefully protest, and much more. While freedom vs security has always been an issue, only recently has it become a such a complex and important debate. After September 11th, 2001 happened, the government made drastic security changes in hopes of making America safer for its citizens. Some of those changes had citizens wondering if they were giving up some of their rights in exchange for national security. Security has also been brought up more recently with the rise of technology. Adding technology to the...
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...context of the end of the cold war. The idea of “clash of civilizations” suggests that twenty-first century global order will be characterized by growing tension and conflict between rival cultures or civilizations, as opposed to the political, ideological or economic conflict of old. Huntington furthermore argued that the world was split into 9 different civilizational orders, and the West would clash with all of them, but in particular it would clash with the Islamic world, Japan and Russia. The realists have given little attention to the issue of identity or cultural politics. They focus on the behavior of states. However the liberals have recognized this thesis to some extent. Huntington’s view that the West would clash with the Islamic world was vindicated after the September 11th terrorist attacks, neoconservatives looking for a response distanced themselves from Huntington’s rhetoric. Neoconservative George W Bush was keen to emphasize that not all Muslims were to blame for 9/11, and indeed it was just a tiny minority of extremists holding the Islamic world back. Whereas Huntington had argued that the Islamic world was hostile to western ideas of liberal democracy, George W Bush ignored this insight and fought two wars to try and bring democracy to the Middle East, ignoring Huntington’s claim that there would be a backlash if Western values were spread through force. Thus the neoconservatives would view the war on Terror not as a cultural war, as Huntington and most other...
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