...Lab Report on Osmosis and Diffusion Biology 1, Period 3 March 15, 2010 Lab Team: Jason Perez, Kicia Long, Chris McLemore Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to observe the acts of passive transport: diffusion and osmosis in a model membrane system. The experiment will show how molecules in solution move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. The model membrane is dialysis tubing. Materials Used 2.5 cm dialysis tubing 15% glucose solution glucose test strip 1% starch solution distilled water Lugol’s iodine solution Procedure: Each member of the lab group will complete the procedures independently 1. Obtain a 30 cm piece of 2.5-cm dialysis tubing that has been soaking in water. Tie off one end of the tubing to form a bag. To open the other end of the bag, rub the end between your fingers until the edges separate. 2. Place 15 mL of the 15% glucose/1% starch solution in the bag. Tie off the other end of the bag, leaving sufficient space for the expansion of the contents in the bag. Record the color of the solution and weight of the bag in a data table. 3. Test the 15% glucose/1% starch solution for the presence of glucose using a test strip. Record the results in the data table. 4. Fill a 250 mL beaker or cup two-thirds full with distilled water. Add approximately 4 mL of Lugol's solution to the distilled water and record the color of the solution in data table. Test this solution...
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...Kristina Eskola BL 1020 L01 Diffusion and Osmosis Lab Report (Dialysis) Introduction: Dialysis Tubing is a membrane made of regenerated cellulose fibers formed into a flat tube. If two solutions containing dissolved substances of different molecular weights are separated by this membrane, some substances may readily pass through the pores of the membrane, but others may be excluded. We will be investigating the selective permeability of the tubing to reduce sugar, glucose, starch, and iodine potassium iodide. We will test this by placing a solution of glucose and starch into a dialysis tubing bag and then place this bag into a solution of iodine potassium iodide (I2KI). Prediction: The I2KI solution will turn blue when adding Benedict’s reagent. Hypothesis: The solution of water and I2KI will be the most permeable because they will mix and react with Benedict’s reagent and the heat so the cell membrane only allows certain molecules to enter and leave the cell Materials and Methods: In the experiment we will be using two tests. In the first test, we will be using I2KI to test for the presence of starch. When I2KI is added to an unknown solution, the solution will turn purple or black if starch is present. If there is no starch in the solution, it will remain pale yellow. In the second test we will be using Benedict’s test for reducing sugar. When Benedict’s reagent is added to an unknown solution and the solution is heated, it will turn green, orange or orange-red...
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...Chemistry of Life – Lab Report The purpose of this lab exercise is to perform chemical tests on a variety of foods to identify the presence of any major molecules essential to life. After acquiring the results we will analyze them and we will be able to describe the general chemical content of those foods. In order to determine which specific major molecules were present in certain foods we conducted four different tests. The iodine test tested for starch by putting a few drops of iodine on a food substance. If the food turned a blue-black color then it was positive for starch. The Benedict’s test tested for the presence of sugar. In order to test you put 1 ml of solution to be tested and add an equal volume of Benedict’s reagent in a test tube and heat in a water bath for two minutes. If the solution goes from blue, to green-yellow, then to a red-brown color it means it is positive for sugar. The next test is the Biuret test and its tests for peptide bonds in proteins. To test you add a few drops of Biuret reagent to a food substance. If it turns a violet-purple color then it is positive for protein. The final test is the Grease Spot test for lipids. If there is a “grease spot” present after conducting this test, then the food tested positive for lipids. The first group of foods that were tested was the fruits and they consisted of apples, bananas, plantains, and avocados. The apple, banana, and plantain contained starch and sugar and this is correct because these two...
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... 1. 1 Reaction spot plate 2. 3 Small Cups 3. 3 Plastic pipettes 4. 1 Bottle starch indicator solution. 5. Prepared starch solution 6. Prepared diastase solution 7. Distilled water 8. Clock with second hand 9. Bottle of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCL) solution- 0.1 % 10. Bottle of dilute sodium hydroxide (NaOH)- 0.1% 11. Test tubes 12. 2 Glucose test strips 13. Glucose Test Strip Color Chart 14. Clock or Stopwatch Procedure: Activity 1- Effect of Enzyme Concentration on Activity 1. Obtain approximately 10 mL each of the prepared starch solution, the diastase solution, and distilled water and place each of them in one of the sample cups. Label each of your solutions properly. 2. Using two different plastic pipets, place one drop of enzyme in each of 12 successive wells on the spot plate, followed by four drops of distilled water. Quickly put one drop of starch solution in each of the wells using a third pipet. Be sure to keep track of your pipets and what solution they are being used for, as you will need them again later. 3. Immediately add one drop of starch indicator solution to the first well. This will be an indication of the amount of starch present at 0 minutes. 4. At 30 second intervals, add one drop of starch indicator solution to each successive well. The presence...
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...PRACTICAL REPORT NAME | Dylan Yong Chun Yen | PARTNER’S NAME | Ng Cheau Wen | PRATICAL GROUP | PG 15 | DATE OF PRATICAL SESSION | 18th June 2014 | PROGRAMME | Foundation in Science ( P stream ) | UNIT CODE | FHSB 1214 | UNIT DESCRIPTION | Biology I | YEAR &TRIMESTER OF STUDY | 2014 Trimester 1 | TITLE OF LAB REPORT | Practical 3: Investigation of Action of Saliva and 3M Hydrochloric Acid in Two Carbohydrate Solutions | LECTURER’S NAME | Ms. Bong Siew Mee | Title: Investigation of Action of Saliva and 3M Hydrochloric Acid in Two Carbohydrate Solutions Objective: To investigate the action of saliva and 3M hydrochloric acid in two carbohydrate solutions. Results: Table 1: Observations made when two carbohydrate solutions provided in laboratory were tested with Benedict and Iodine solution. | Observations | Conclusions | Solution A | Benedict’s test: An initial blue translucent mixture turned to brick-red opaque solution and moderate amount of precipitate settled after heated at a high temperature for two minute. | Presence of reducing sugar | | Iodine test: The translucent colouration of the mixture retained its yellowish-brown colour. | Absence of starch | Solution B | Benedict’s test: The translucent colouration of the mixture remained its blue colour...
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...2-19-15 BISC 220 Lab Report 1 TA: Anh Nguyet Vu Activity of the Porcine Pancreas α-Amylase Enzyme Under Different Concentration Introduction: Enzymes are specialized protein structures that increase the rate of reactions without changing chemical equilibrium between reactants and products (Cooper, 2000). These enzymes have a distinct chemical composition that constructs an active site for substrates to bind to; this is the location where the substances come together to from an enzyme-substrate complex, which makes forming a product possible. The shape of the molecule is extremely important to its function. Enzymes are composed of unique three-dimensional conformations, due to the complex folding during the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary, stages of protein production. Extreme pH levels, heat, concentration, and other factors can easily denature these exclusive structures. α-amylase is a biological catalyst found in the saliva of various organisms, including humans. It functions as a catalyst for the hydrolysis of starch products located in consumed foods. Chemically, starch is comprised of two different molecules, amylose and amylopectin. The glucose molecules in amylose are connected in a liner/straight manner, whereas, the glucose in amylopectin are arranged in a spiral shape. These unique linkages are what give this molecule its overall shape, and ultimately, its function. Starches produced in plants are normally a combination of both these molecules at a 30:70...
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...Amylases are enzymes capable of hydrolysing starch and related saccharides. The best known are alpha-amylase, beta-amylase and glucoamylase. Starch degrading enzymes like amylase has received attention of their biotechnological significance and economic benefits. Alpha amylases are one of the important and widely used enzymes whose spectrum of applications has widened in many sectors such as clinical, medicinal and analytical chemistry.The fungal isolates include Aspergillus species, Mucor species and Rhizopus species. The parameters such as optimal incubation period, pH and starch concentrations were considered in the study. Overall result showed maximum activity at acidic Ph 6 at concentration of 3% and 5% with 4 days of incubation...
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... Hydrolysis separates polymers into monomers by using water to break bonds. Organic catalysts called enzymes are proteins that increase the speed of a chemical reaction. In the lab we used Biuret reagent to test for proteins, iodine solution to test for starch, paper to test for lipids. In the first lab, we tested for the presence of proteins in samples by using blue solution called Biuret reagent, which changes to purple when a protein is present and pinkish-purple for peptides. First test tubes were marked at 1cm and then filled to the mark with water, albumin, pepsin, and starch. Next, five drops of Biuret reagent was added to the sample, covered with Parafilm, and swirled to mix. The water remained clear, indicating the sample lacked the presence of proteins, and thus was our negative control. The albumin sample observed changed to an orange-purple color, indicating the presence of protein. The peptin sample changed to a pink-purple hue, testing positive for presence of peptides. The starch sample test tube turned opaque, indicating starch is not a protein. The results of the experiment were in line with my predictions. Although I knew that starch and water would lack protein I was unsure about the albumin and pepsin. Next, we tested for the presence of starch, the complex carbohydrate called a polysaccharide, composed of glucose. To do so we marked and...
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...Unit 15 P5 PH report Hypothesis: the aim of this experiment was to see the effects that different levels of PH values has upon amylase enzyme activity. Apparatus: * Stirring rod * Dimple tray * Five pipettes * Syringe * Starch solution * Amylase * Iodine * Buffer of PH4, 7 and 10 * Test tube holder * Stopwatch Procedure: the first thing to do would be to ensure that you have all of the equipment needs for the experiment. The first step is to get a test tube and place it within the test tube holder, once you’ve done that you get a pipette using the pipette take some of the iodine and then very carefully put to drops of the iodine solution into the test tube. After that gets another pipette using that one to very gently to store 2 mL of the amylase enzyme solution, then very carefully put to drops of the amylase solution into the test tube. Once you’ve done that you get a third pipette and use that one to store 1 mL of the PH4 buffer, you then very carefully put the 1 mL of the pH4 buffer into the test tube, the second to last thing that is now added is 2 mL of starch. Once all of these chemicals have been put into one test tube it is then gently stirred, your lab partner will at the same time put 2 drops of iodine into 4 wells of the dimple tray, labelled 4 wells as 10 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds and 40 seconds, using a stopwatch keep an eye on the time and wants 10 seconds of past use a syringe get a few drops of your amylase...
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...Determination of Two Unknown Food Substances: Using Benedict Test, Biuret Test, Iodine Test and Ethanol Emulsion Test Rosezetta E. Jones Germanna Community College Biology 101 Professor Arisa Stritch-Johnson October 21, 2015 Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to identify the two unknown food samples provided. The tests carried out included iodine test for detection of starch presence, Benedict’s test for determination of reducing sugars presence, Biuret test for the detection of protein present, and emulsion test for lipid detection. The two food samples were tested simultaneously for the presence of macromolecules and the tests carried out gave negative results except for Benedict’s test. Under Benedict’s test, the...
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...Contents: FHSB 1214 FHSC 1214 Biology I Cell Biology Introduction Practical 1 Practical 1 Cell Biology Biological Studies I molecules I Practical 2 Practical 2 Cell Biology Biological Studies II molecules II Practical 3 Cell Biology Studies III Practical 4 Cell Biology Studies IV Practical 8 Cell Biology Studies VIII Practical 5 Cell Biology Studies V Practical 6 Cell Biology Studies VI Practical 7 Cell Biology Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages of Plant Mitosis and ...
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...Nucleic Acids Tiffany Osbey Jackson State University Lab Report Authors: Tiffany Osbey Portia Mcmlertrey Jamia Ransome Darrius Bryant Abstract: Organic molecules are those primarily made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The common organic compounds of living organisms are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each of these macromolecules (polymers) are made of smaller subunits (monomers). The bonds between these subunits are formed by dehydration synthesis. This process requires energy; a molecule of water is removed (dehydration) and a covalent bond is formed between the subunits (Fig.1). Breaking this bond is called hydrolysis; it requires the addition of a water molecule and releases energy. Each class of these macromolecules has different structures and properties. For example, lipids (composed of fatty acids) have many C-H bonds and relatively little oxygen, while proteins (composed of amino acids) have amino groups (-NH3+) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups. These characteristic subunits and chemical groups impart different properties to the macromolecules. For example, monosaccharide’s such as glucose are polar and soluble in water, whereas lipids are non-polar and insoluble in water. Objective: Perform lest to detect the presence of biology important carbohydrates, proteins lipids and nucleic acid. Explain the importance of a positive and a negative control in biochemical test. Use biochemical test to identify a known compound. Materials: Onion juice |...
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...“The Prokaryotes”. Each group of students will receive a TSA slant or broth containing a pure culture of an unknown bacterium belonging to the Family Enterobacteriaceae. It is the responsibility of the group to maintain stock cultures of the organism provided. Working stock cultures will be used to inoculate the various biochemical test media over the next several weeks and should be fresh and free from contaminants. A reserve stock culture should be made and after incubation and comparison with the original slant, kept with the original slant in the refrigerator. It is critically important that aseptic techniques are used during transfers and inoculations to prevent contamination of your cultures. If contamination is suspected, you will be able to fall back to your reserve stock. If you fail to maintain a reserve stock you will not be able to recover your organism if disaster strikes. The instructor will not provide a new culture for you to start with in the middle of the unknown exercises. It is your responsibility to: keep your organisms alive and fresh to run tests check with us if you question purity of your organism or your test results appropriately select media to identifying unknowns ask for...
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...Contents: FHSB 1214 FHSC 1214 Biology I Cell Biology Introduction Practical 1 Practical 1 Cell Biology Biological Studies I molecules I Practical 2 Practical 2 Cell Biology Biological Studies II molecules II Practical 3 Cell Biology Studies III Practical 4 Cell Biology Studies IV Practical 8 Cell Biology Studies VIII Practical 5 Cell Biology Studies V Practical 6 Cell Biology Studies VI Practical 7 Cell Biology Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages of Plant Mitosis and ...
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...UTAR FHSC1214 Fundamentals of Cell Biology Trimester 1 How YOU can do well in BIOLOGY Follow the 4A’s and you can expect A’s. A ttitude • Attend ALL lectures, tutorials and practicals on time without fail. • Be attentive in class and revise your notes after class while the topic is still fresh in your mind. Why waste time re-reading 2-3 months later? • Do your assignments faithfully as they carry marks for the finals. • Come prepared for lessons (i.e. read up beforehand). • Read up beforehand before attending lectures so that you won’t be lost and wasted hours of your life week after week. • Why stress yourself out if you can avoid it? Do NOT count on last minute revision for tests and examinations, as it will be too late to catch up and seek help in areas where you may find confusing or unclear of. • Why panic before exams because you can’t find this or that? Keep separate files for lecture, tutorial and practical. File up the respective notes systematically so that you do not lose them along the semester. • Do you expect the lecturer/ tutor to be available all the time to answer your questions? It is YOUR responsibility to take the initiative to clear your doubts or satisfy your curiosity to understand certain scientific phenomena by reading up on the relevant topics. A Based on a true story… A professor at the National University of Singapore recounts how on one occasion a student consulted him days before the exam. Student:...
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