...Juxtaposition “Most men today cannot conceive of a freedom that does not involve somebody's slavery” is a quote by the famous scholar, W.E.B. DuBois. The two essays, The Charter of Freedom in Brazil and the Gradual Abolition and the Dynamics of Slave Emancipation in Cuba, 1868-1886, shows two slavery occupied countries as they progress into a dissimilar era. Though both of these essays have numerous similarities, such as speaking about population decreases and the class system; both also have differences, for example, they focus on different ideas such as, social dynamics and routes to freedom. The definition of similar is “almost the same as someone or something else” (Similar).Thus, as previously stated, the essays on Brazil and Cuba are...
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...The Colonial Brazil is called historical period ranging from the arrival of the first Europeans in 1500, until independence in 1822. In this period, Brazil was under the political domination of Portugal. The Portuguese colonization of America began motivated by economic and strategic reasons. On the one hand because of the economic decline of profits in the trade with the East and the commercial possibilities Brazil tree, the bark of which produced a red dye used for dyeing textiles. And among the strategic reasons, the main one was fighting Spanish or French ambitions in this area. Eventually, France and Holland won some strategic regions such as the island of Sao Luis, the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Recife, and part of the states of Pernambuco , Paraíba and Alagoas. In 1530, the Portuguese crown expelled the French who surrounded the coast of Brazil , as were lands belonging to Portugal since 1500. In 1533, King of Portugal, Joao III divided the territory of Brazil in 13 stripes or captaincies , 150 miles wide each, what influenced the privacy of Portuguese colonization . These captaincies were distributed or granted to Portuguese nobles hereditary for life... The nobles who received them committed to evangelize the natives, settlers recruit and develop economically the captaincy. The territory to be established in Brazil was deeply marked by slavery in the era of European colonization. The boundaries between Spain and Portugal were established in 1492 shortly after Spain...
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...Slavery shaped every facet of the daily life of those living in the old south and even those living in the Northern Stares. Focusing primarily on the Old Southern States it is easy to see that slavery heavily affected the social, economic, religious, and political aspects of old southern life. To begin, the economic effect that slavery had on the southern states were numerous. Slavery allowed for enormous profits to be made by the America. The free labor used to pick cotton and other crops made it very profitable for the plantation owners and the owners of factories in the northern states. Another economic effect was the development of the south. Because slavery made it so profitable to continue an agricultural society, the south found very little use for industry and following the example set by the North. The social effects of slavery were also varied. One of the most important was the structure of society. The South was primarily agricultural because it was so profitable. It was therefore not necessary to develop an industrial base for society. Another social effect was the racism created by slavery. This contempt created between the races was a result of the institution of slavery. The effects of this racism were perpetuated throughout society for a very long time and are seen in our not too distant past. Religion was also affected by slavery. The result of slavery on religion was the creation of new beliefs and traditions. The slaves in the south were exposed...
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... Slavery had been a part of civilization since villages, and small communities began to form. The topic of slavery is an important part of our heritage, knowing how it began and what humanity has done to control it. It is interesting to see how Christianity can change the heart of one person, who can affect the change in a country. One small adjustment, thousands of miles abroad, can affect any civilization and history of many countries. During the 19th century many countries developed laws to gradually or immediately shift civilization away from slavery. This paper explores the religious influences motivating this shift in the legal system as well as the consequences of these laws on work civilization. Slavery was found worldwide and came in many different forms. The most common was the Slave, treated as chattels and wild animals, having no rights and endured harsh physical abuse. The Slave was known more and referred to as the ‘Western Slave’ more commonly found in America. Serfdom, a Russian repression, was a different form of slavery. Serfs were not a legal person, had no property rights, no right to credit transactions and not protected by custom. However, a serf had his own land and property, unlike in slavery. Serfdom was found in China, Japan, India and elsewhere. Muslim Slaves were another form of slavery who was not totally chattel nor altogether human. The owner of the slave maintained unrestricted legal rights to their slave. Muslim slavery was...
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...world, a fact that rocked the socio-political, economic, and moral foundations of the Caribbean.[1] However, in the period following the Revolution, there is a noted increase of slavery in the Caribbean as a whole. Did the success of the Haitian uprising merely serve as a lesson for Caribbean planters and reinforce the slave society? To answer this question one must examine the factors that led to the Revolution’s success both externally, in the European metropoles, and internally, in the psychological and socio-political dynamics of Caribbean societies. Therefore, the Haitian Revolution appeared to impede abolition in the Caribbean in the short term because it reinforced white stereotypes of African savagery and inferiority, convinced planters of the danger of liberal and abolitionist ideals, and created a large void in the coffee and sugar markets which other colonies quickly filled by introducing more slave labor. While these effects should not be minimized, they were merely the logical aftershock of the tumultuous events in the established racial hierarchy. Ultimately, the Haitian Revolution was a major turning point in abolitionist history because it restructured the balance of power in the Caribbean thereby allowing a political gap for British abolitionists, the first organized anti-slavery movement from a metropole, to enter and because it drastically altered the psyche of enslaved Africans throughout the Caribbean world by proving that the combination of external...
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...Immigrants went -----> US and Canada. - South.A received immigrants –----> Argentina, Brazil - Argentina –---> Spain and Italy (6.5M) - Brazil (4.5) –-----> Portugal, Italy and Germany Paragraph 3 *factor influenced on Immigrant making decisions to leave. - Sociology and economists factors –--say--> (Push & Pull) - Push and Pull factors - Economic hardship Paragraph 4 *The Old World (OW) ------> push factor were involved. - In 19th century all type of workers affected - Industrial transition - Farm workers unemployed - The potato harvest caused starvation and deaths. - Decrease of wages, a few money to live. Paragraph 5 *The New World (NW) ------> pull factors. - Lands inexpensive. - Large and growing demand for non-farm labor. - Recruitment from Europe –--> America - Less time traveling - Political stability. - Immigration wave that peak between 1990 and World War I Paragraph 6 *There is the circumstances that led a develop a strong demand for labor in The NW. - Demand for labor was for ambitious jobs. - Development of the system of contract labor. - Low wages and interest. - Poor economy in Asia. Paragraph 7 * The development of slavery in America. - Workers were brought against their will - The slave trade before the age of immigration - Abolition of slavery in South America was late - Slavery in South...
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...1 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL REPORT ON CANDIDATES’ WORK IN THE CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION MAY/JUNE 2007 HISTORY Copyright © 2007 Caribbean Examinations Council ® St Michael Barbados All rights reserved 2 HISTORY CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATIONS MAY/JUNE 2007 GENERAL COMMENTS The format of the Examination in CAPE History is similar for both Unit 1 and Unit 2. Paper 01 in each unit consisted of nine short-answer questions, three on each Module. The questions were intended to assess the range of content covered by the syllabus, and questions were set on each theme. Candidates were expected to answer all nine questions. This paper was worth 30 per cent of the candidates’ overall grade. Paper 02, on the other hand, emphasized depth of coverage. Three questions were set on each Module, one of which required candidates to analyse extracts from a set of documents related to one of the themes in the Module. The other two questions were extended essays. Both the document analysis and the essay questions required well-developed and clearly reasoned responses. Candidates were required to choose three questions, one from each Module. They were required to respond to one document analysis and two essay questions. This paper contributed 50 per cent to the candidates’ overall grade. Paper 03, was the internal assessment component. Candidates were required to complete a research paper on a topic of their choice from within the syllabus. This paper contributed...
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...Black Experience in America: Slavery to Emancipation AAAS 106 Professor Shawn Alexander KU 2011 Final Exam Study Guide Some important dates and events - Remember that this guide only gives you a chronology of important events. It is not sufficient for the exam - you must fill in the details from your lecture notes and readings. All the reading is compulsory, do not leave out any portion of the texts or articles. Slavery and the Slave Trade African Slave Trade: Conventional Dates – 1450 – 1867 Early controllers of the Trade: 1494 the Spanish turned to the Portuguese to supply slaves for their colonies. By the 17th C Northern European countries began to dominate the trade. 1621 Dutch West Indies Trading Company 1672 British Royal African Company (by the end of the 17th England dominated the trade.) The Scale of the Trade: Between 1492 and the end of the trade in 1867 Europeans transported a minimum of 10 million people in some 27,000 slaving expeditions – or some 170 slave ships per year. 50% mortality rate (rough estimate) About 95% of the captives were sent to the brutal tropical sugar growing regions of Brazil and the Caribbean. 40% Brazil 5-6% North America Before the trade picked up (1700) 2.2 million Africans had already been shipped to the Americas. The trade climaxed in the 1780s, when 80,000 Africans were shipped a year. 5/4 of all those shipped came in the 18th and 19th centuries. Three major areas in Africa supplied...
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...feet in width and six feet in length in bed”(11), and continues saying that the boats were small, the food was gross, and you were nearly guaranteed to get sick. This is not how most people treat someone they consider to be equal. He even says “Better black slaves on plantations than white servants in industry, which would encourage aspirations to independence”(10). It is my opinion that independence is something for which everyone should have aspirations, and any attempt to squash those aspirations is an act of injustice, and in this case, an act of classism/racism. In David Eltis’s book, Economic Growth and the Ending of the Transatlantic Slave Trade, Eltis argues that British ended their direct participation in the nasty business, even...
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...Naomie Fleurjuste 3/23/12 Midterm The difference is that, Atlantic slave trade was very important for 18 century World Economy, because it was one of the three elements of so-called Triangular trade, a three-way exchange between America, Europe, and Africa. European traders would ship textiles, muskets, and manufactured merchandize to Africa and exchange it for slaves. Then they would take slaves to the West to Americas and exchange them for cotton and tobacco, and sail home. On each side of the triangular trade ships made huge profits plus they carried different valuable merchandize from both African continent and the New World. Thus, Atlantic slave trade was vitally important for 18th century sailors . The origin of Atlantic slave trade – and slave trade in general – is mainly associated with the shortage of labor in the developing New World. Contemporary European population in the Americas was not sufficient to support the plans of development. Even criminals that were sentenced to labor ran away, and could easily blend into white masses forever. Native Americans were not efficient as slaves either, because they were not that numerous and did not have immunity for diseases brought to the New World by Europeans . In addition, native Americans could easily escape because they knew the land well, their home were close, and they knew how to survive in the adjacent territories . But labor requirements...
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...According to Dr. Eric Williams (1944) “…the abolition of the slave system was basically the result of the fact that the salve system had lost its former importance, in the nineteenth century, to the metropolitan economy,”1. _____________________________________________________________________________ 1- Dr.Williams, E. (1944). Capitalism and Slavery. The University Of North Carolina Press. Without the economic prosperity and profitability of the sugar production in the British colonies, these colonies lost their usefulness to the mother country. Sugar production in the British West Indies was declining and lost its importance to the mother country. For example, in1821 the B.W.I accounted for 11% of British exports however by 1832 it was less...
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...their technological and economic development was also affected as they spent their time and energy in hiding and defending themselves. Africa was sent into a significant recession because of this. Africa's most valuable resource became its people who were captured and sold to slavery. Civil unrest led to the increase in warfare among African tribes. Africa's economic decline and America's economic incline allowed for the widely accepted slave trade to...
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...most detailed and descriptive accounts ever recorded in history about a thriving slave society. The society which he wrote so much about was Surinam. Located on the northwest corner of Brazil, Stedman was sent to Surinam from the Netherlands to help put down a slave revolt that was threatening the existence of the colony. Throughout his stay Stedman wrote about all that he saw. One thing that became a focus of his writings was the issue of slavery. He wrote about specific slaves and Negros he came in contact with, the perception that others had of these people, the treatment of these slaves and the rising tensions and conflicts between the revolting slaves and the colonists. At times he would write in a tone that sensed he favored abolishing slavery but this was far from the case. Stedman never acknowledged that he wanted to end slavery but rather he expressed his concerns and feelings towards the ways that slavery could be improved in the colony but still present and a vital part to the land. The reasons for this are that he felt slavery was not wrong, he realized how crucial slavery was to the economic success of the colony and the consequences that would arise from freeing the slaves. One of Stedman’s main points throughout this entire book was that he was not against the idea of slavery. “From all this I must conclude that this trade, or buying of Negro slaves, is not so bad a thing as some try to support, while it is the effects that follow from it alone are the complicated...
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...While many nations have undertaken measures to overcome racial disparity, others have encouraged racial democracy. Brazil, a modern and industrialized nation, suffers from racial discrimination based on their position in the world economy and built on the ideology of the past. History Brazil’s history is rife with racism and slavery, dating back to its discovery by Pedro Alveres Cabral in 1500. Brazil was originally settled with the intention of harvesting Brazilwood. However, over time the profits from that were supplanted by sugar, which soon became the major export (Phillips 117). Over a short period of time, Brazil became the leading producer of sugar in the Atlantic world. The production of all these exports meant cheap labor was needed. During this time, the Portuguese were sending between 4,000 and 5,000 slaves per year to Brazil from Angola and West Africa; by the 18th century, one million slaves had been imported (117). The continually shifting landscape meant that Brazil’s exports continued to shift. By the time the 19th century came around, Brazil’s major export was coffee as sugar production had shifted to the Caribbean Islands. The continued influx of European slaves and citizens resulted in an uneven population. European labor was generally more skilled and slowly began to overtake slave labor. Around this same time, the abolition of slavery happened in 1888, resulting in a decline in the slave population. By 1888, it was estimated that only a half-million...
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...Afro-Colombians of Colombia Afro-Colombians are a unique group of people. They’re Colombians with african ancestry. If you ask them this though you might get a different response. A large portion of Afro-Colombians view themselves as just Colombians, as it they should. Black Colombians usually don’t identify as African because they just rather use skin color to justify their races, via shades of white and black. That being said Colombian is the owner of the largest population outside of Africa and the second largest in latin america after brazil. There is a huge injustice to Afro-Colombians.Slavery may have been abolished in 1851, but Afro-Colombians are still feeling the hate as if a few years had gone by after abolition. Afro-Colombians are mainly located on the pacific coast, they are highly concentrated in areas that are mainly focus on farming, cattle herding, and mining. Because of the uses of the land that the Afro-Colombians the areas that they are often found living in terrible conditions due to the fact that the region that they live in as a whole is tragically underdeveloped. These conditions are product of the system that has shown them nothing but hatred, from past to present. Afro-Colombians originally were the majority in Colombia during slave...
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