...offences committed using electronic means or by way of internet. The medium includes hand phone and other electronic gadgets. Offences such as online defamation, online child pornography, hacking, computer fraud, phishing or identity theft and violation of privacy are among cyber-attacks that had given bad effect to the society, economy and politics of certain countries. EFFECTS OF CYBER OFFENCES AVAILABLE FOR VICTIMS There are a number of laws governing cyberspace that computer users should be aware of. While the ethics guiding the behaviour of computer users, control laws and impose penalties for offenders and people who abuse, manipulate and abuse the use of computers and the Internet. However, the most common, solutions can take civil action against the perpetrators and to demand compensation for losses incurred. This indicates that a blogger or any person who publishes the defamatory words online may be subject to two types of criminal defamation and the other is a civil defamation. They may be criminals in cyberspace by hacking into people who do it with unauthorized access to a computer system that would entitle the victim to have the remedies provided under the law of torts such as trespass to property, trespass and breach of duty if it is done by a worker who does not have the power to obtain information. In addition, computer fraud is also one of the things that happened in the United States involving fraudulent investment schemes, for example, the victim can apply...
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...vital connection that the real world has with the virtual world. In the article “Character Education for Cyberspace: Developing Good Netizens” by Andrew J. Milson and Beong-Wan Chu, human’s actions opposing from the real world is explained. Furthermore, in the article “We Need to Learn to Become Digital Citizens,” by Nick Harkaway, the connection between the real world and the virtual world is clarified and the importance of becoming a smart internet user is expressed. This paper will illustrate the authors’ claims in emphasizing the dangers of the virtual world that humans are ignorant toward by asserting claims sub claims, and examples to express their purpose. The main argument of the article, “Character Education for Cyberspace: Developing Good Netizens” by Andrew J. Milson and Beong-Wan Chu, is that cyberspace allows people to communicate and say words that they would not say or do in real life. Milson and Chu state, “In the most complex sense, cyberspace may be conceived as a parallel world where people can conduct ordinary activities without engaging in the physical acts traditionally associated with such activities” (Milson and Chu 1). They are saying that the internet gives people the opportunity to talk to one another and speak their minds without having to do so face to face. The author claims that there are many people who take advantage of the net and abuse their privilege of usage. People say and do actions online that they would not...
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...CYBERSTALKING The World Wide Web and Internet are great places to study, work, or even play. But there is an ugly side of cyberspace. Cyberspace reflects the real world and some people tend to forget that cyberstalking and harassment are problems that a large number of people (especially women) are realizing. (Jenson, 1996, p.1) Cyber stalking is the use of the Internet or other electronic means to stalk someone, which may be a computer crime or harassment. This term is used interchangeably with online harassment and online abuse. A cyber stalker does not present a direct physical threat to a victim, but follows the victim's online activity to gather information and make threats or other forms of verbal intimidation (Bocjj P. and L. McFarlane, 2002). Just because an individual owns a computer and has an Internet account do not assume that person is considerate or respectful. There are just as many stalkers in cyberspace as anywhere else. It’s just that their methods have changed. Some stalkers might harass you by following you through live channels not being able to take no for an answer and bothering you with email messages. In some cases this harassment may become a systematic campaign against you; where your harasser bombards you with threatening messages of hate and obscenities. (1996, p.3) The stalker may even trace your home address and telephone number, causing not only emotional distress but also possibly physical danger. It should come as no surprise to you that...
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...SEC575 Week 7 Assignment Karen Loving February 23, 2013 1. What are the current criminal risks associated with hacking illegally into computer systems? Under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986, persons who knowingly access and obtains information contained in a financial record of a financial institution , or of a card user …or contained in a file of a consumer reporting agency on a consumer, (b) information from any department or treasury agency of the U.S. (c) information from any protected computer if the conduct involved an interstate or foreign communication, commits a crime that is punishable by up to 20 years in prison. It also prohibits using data wrongfully obtained to perpetrate fraud or for other illegal purposes. 2. Criminal law statutes now protect your name and identity, your communications, and your ideas. Match each of these categories with the appropriate criminal law statute and explain how each statute can be violated. Name & Identity: Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act of 1998. A hacker who gains access to credit card numbers and misuses them would be violating the act. Knowingly transfers or uses, without lawful authority, a means of identification of another person with the intent to commit or to aid or abet, any unlawful activity that constitutes a violation of Federal law, or that constitute a felony under any applicable state or local law, shall be punished-up to 20 years in imprisonment. Communications: Electronic...
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...Why are people so mean on the Internet? It’s a question we have been trying to answer for more than a decade, but the matter seems to be reaching a cultural boiling point. Listen to episode No. 545 of “This American Life,” entitled “If You Don’t Have Anything Nice to Say, SAY IT IN ALL CAPS,” about the pain people can cause online. Watch Monica Lewinsky’s TED talk, “The Price of Shame,” in which she pleads that “public shaming as a blood sport has to stop.” Read the new book by Jon Ronson, “So You’ve Been Publicly Shamed,” chronicling people whose lives have been obliterated by Twitter mobs. And listen to Louis CK, the comedian who recently quit Twitter, saying, “It didn’t make me feel good.” Sure, the topic of cyberbullying is not new, but it feels different this time. The debate is happening everywhere: on radio shows, movies, media.books, talks, TV shows, blogs, book reviews and especially on social “I think this conversation has been going on for awhile, but it’s getting this particular kind of attention now because it’s coming to the fore that anyone can be a victim of that kind of shaming,” said Jacqui Shine, a writer in Chicago who has written about online shaming and minorities. “Women of color online, especially on Twitter, have dealt with harassment and bullying for years.” Women, Ms. Shine said, are often ridiculed on social media in ways that most men do not experience, sometimes being threatened with rape, having their addresses and Social Security numbers posted...
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...Cyberstalking The Internet has helped link giant gaps in communication, helped businesses expand, and helped people to be informed. The Internet does have some negative effects as well, which include children having easier access to porn, illegal online gambling, and cyberstalking. "The Internet has turned reputation on its head. What was once private is now public. What was once local is now global. What was once fleeting is now permanent. And what was once trustworthy is now unreliable" (Lipton 2011, 1107) Cyberstalking is the new way in society that people are becoming anonymous and committing crimes. Instead of somebody being physically pursued, like stalking, in cyberstalking a person is pursued online. A woman is most likely to be a victim of cyberstalking by a man, while a child is normally a victim of cyberstalking done by adult predators or pedophiles (Reyns 2012, 3). Cyberstalking was defined differently according to the following authors. Strawhun defined cyberstalking as “repeated threats or harassment through electronic mail or other computer-based communication that make a reasonable person fear for his or her safety” (Strawhun 2013, 2). Reyns defined cyberstalking as “the repeated pursuit of an individual using electronic or Internet-capable devices” (Reyns 2012, 1). He also included in his definition that these “repeated pursuit behaviors include persistent and unwanted electronic communications that can contain messages laced with coercive or intimidating...
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...[pic] MASTER OF MANAGEMENT CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, ETHICS AND VALUES GSGM7253 TERM PAPER Issues and challenges in cyber ethic PREPARED BY: |MEOR NORULAZMI BIN MAT SALLEH |MD1409MD0030 | Contents Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Recommendations 6 Conclusion 8 References 10 Introduction This article will highlight the issue and challenges in cyber ethic. It will cover general outlined the concept of cyber ethic and tries to relate it with the globalization of internet which was a way of living nowadays. Have you noticed that the whole world is now watching the same movies, listening to the same music and reading the same books? Of course not 100%, but the majority of the people on the planet do it the same thing as mentioned above. Why these activities happen, whereas they live not at the same location or place? This is what we call it as internet culture. Since the 1990’s, the Internet has a revolutionary impact on our culture. People around the world, start to use communication by instant messaging, electronic mail, interactive video call. Also, watching a movie, discussion and shopping they're using a World Wide Web or website. Today, internet become part of living. I define frequent use of the Internet as...
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...------------------------------------------------- Cyber security and its challenges to society Final Project Report Group Members Abdul Majid Qayyum Umair Arshad Hasnat Ahmed Gulraiz Shabbir Contents Introduction: 3 Why is cyber security important? 4 The Impact of Cyber Security 5 The Cultural Impact 5 The Official Impact 5 The Solution Impact 5 Defining Cyber Security 6 Technology & Modern Life 6 What is Cyberspace? 6 What is Cyber Warfare? 6 Cyber is not Hype 7 What Cyber Security Isn’t 7 Cyber-crime 8 Types of Cyber-crimes 8 Hacking: 8 Theft: 8 Cyber Stalking: 9 Identity Theft: 9 Malicious Software: 9 Child soliciting and Abuse: 9 Cyber Bullying 10 Causes of Cyber-crime 10 History of Cyber-crime 10 Cyber-crime in Modern Society 11 Categories of Cyber-crime 11 Individual: 12 Property: 12 Government: 12 How to Tackle Cyber-crime 12 RECENT SURVEY ISSUES ON CYBER SECURITY TRENDS 14 Mobile Devices and Apps 14 Social Media Networking 14 Cloud Computing 14 Protect systems rather Information 15 New Platforms and Devices 15 Everything Physical can be Digital 15 Survey Questions 16 Conclusion 16 Cyber Security and its Challenges to Society Introduction: Over the past several years, experts and policy makers have expressed increasing concerns about protecting internet from cyber-attacks—deliberate attempts by unauthorized persons to access. Many experts expect the number and severity of cyber-attacks to increase over the next several years...
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...the real world. The three journal articles I am using for this literature review are as follows: Video Game Characters and the Socialization of Gender Roles: Young People’s Perceptions Mirror Sexist Media Depictions Dill, Karen E., and Kathryn P. Thill. "Video Game Characters and the Socialization of Gender Roles: Young People's Perceptions Mirror Sexist Media Depictions." Sex Roles 57.11-12 (2007): 851-64. ProQuest. Web. 9 Oct. 2013. Consequences of Play: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Online Gaming Sublette, Victoria Anne, and Barbara Mullan. "Consequences of play: A systematic review of the effects of online gaming." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 10.1 (2012): 3-23. Gender Swapping and Socializing in Cyberspace: An Exploratory Study Hussain, Zaheer, and Mark D. Griffiths. "Gender...
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...Chapter 18 Q. The federal government regulates labels, warranties, and consumer products. Without government regulation, what abuses are likely to occur? A. This is a complex problem that is the base of regulation enthusiast, and I believe that this will have lots of people writings on this matter. If there is no regulation, and we as a society allow the market to act as its own regulator, the abuses historically seen when there is little or no industrial oversight are too challenging to ignore. Abuses will likely include lack of competition between entities, Monopolies of certain pieces of the market, unfair charges for services or goods. I think that a balance has to be struck between where business can prosper and flourish, but also one where business is geared towards the improvement of the life of all individuals which includes worker, owner, and management. Chapter 23 Q. Compare the minimum contacts test, as it is applied to the bricks-and-mortar activity of businesses, to their cyberspace activity. If you were a small business, seeking to sell to customers located in other states, what are some things you could do to avoid having states where these customers live require you to collect sales tax? A. Whether logically convincing or not, the Court currently accepts jurisdiction based on physical service of process on a defendant in the forum state but does not assume that jurisdiction based on the seizure of the defendant's property in the state satisfies the requirements...
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...school, undoubtedly, is beneficial to America’s youth, there are some experiences, such as bullying, that may negatively affect and stick with children for the rest of their lives. Certain children find an outlet for their frustrations through bullying others. In the past, these actions could be better controlled because they were limited to face-to-face interactions. In recent years, this age-old conflict has matched the pace of technological evolutions; making it more dangerous and harder to contain. Cell phones, social media sites, chat rooms, and other forms of technology have allowed bullying to expand into cyberspace. This new form of bullying is known as cyberbullying. The word “bully” can be traced as far back as the 1530’s (Hindju & Patchin, 2009). In its most basic form, bullying involves two people, a bully or intimidator and a victim. The bully abuses the victim through physical, verbal, or other means in order to gain a sense of superiority or power. These actions may be direct (i.e. hitting, verbally assaulting face-to-face, etc.) or indirect (i.e. rumors and gossip). There is no clear cut reason why children become a bully, but some evidence shows that they tend to be involved in alcohol consumption and smoking, have poorer academic records than noninvolved students, display a strong need for dominance, and show little empathy for their victims (Roberts & Moretti, 2000). Bullying may be a means of increasing one’s own social status (Pellegrini, 2001), and a strong...
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...available in the market, without thinking wisely about their personal financial savings. Whenever this kind of trend reaches its limit, irresponsible attitudes of teenagers occurs when using technology among others. The author also stated that teenagers nowadays, prefer to socialize by using gadget as a tool rather than having a conversation with the closes person. By having a face-to-face communications, it eliminates ambiguity whenever conversation occurs. 2.0 Summary This article explains about the digital etiquette. Teenagers these days see parents and teachers as people who know very little about using technology, on contrary parents and teachers see students getting out of control with all available technology. Technological misuse and abuse has become a societal problem. The solution is called “Digital Citizenship” where users are taught appropriate technology behavior. A good digital citizen is one who does the right thing when he or she is online. Most people feel uncomfortable talking to others about their digital conduct. Moreover, they have the rights to their own privacy and freedom of speech but such rights must be discussed and understood. These two areas must work together for everyone to be productive. The expanding digital communication options have changed everything because people are able to keep in constant communication with almost everyone. At the same time, the number of illegal or immoral goods and services has also surfaced. Digital Citizenship involves...
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...Title: Cybercrime is on a rise in UAE Part1: Introduction Crime is a popular issue that we always heard in this globalization era. It refers to any violation of law or the commission of an act forbidden by law. It can contribute to negative impact in term of social and economic development. Nowadays, there are a lot of crimes which increase around the world; United Arab Emirates is one of the countries at risk of these issues. One of these types is the cybercrime as; people want to keep up with technology and modern life. This matter in increase day by day as every day we hear from the news, newspaper and social media, there's a huge number of people who are victims cybercrime. Brenner (2010) in Cybercrime: Criminal Threats from Cyberspace book state, this type of crimes found in 21-century after the development and globalization because people used technology, but they don't have enough information and not aware about this issue. In addition, Cybercrime is the type of criminal crime which is punishable by law and it means that Using technology resources. Such as, the internet for committing serious crimes such as, deception, fraud, theft, copyright violations and extortion through online stalking, harassment, defamation, and invasion of privacy. Moreover, The cybercrime divided into three divisions, the first division is crimes...
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...Chapter 18 The federal government regulates labels, warranties, and consumer products. Without government regulation, what abuses are likely to occur? The abuses that are likely to occur without government regulation are more illnesses, deaths and allergic reactions from not knowing what is in the product. If companies were not regulated by the government then you would have mislabeling. By this I mean you could have items that are marked low fat or low sodium when that is not the case. They would not have to include whether or not it was made with or surrounding peanuts and we all know the consequences of that. Having the government regulate labels, warranties and consumer products is very beneficial to the consumers as they are able to make more educated decisions by knowing what they are selecting. Chapter 23 Compare the minimum contacts test, as it is applied to the bricks-and-mortar activity of businesses, to their cyberspace activity. If you were a small business, seeking to sell to customers located in other states, what are some things you could do to avoid having states where these customers live require you to collect sales tax? Some of the things you could do to avoid having to pay taxes to states where the customers live is by not receiving the benefits from that state. You could also use mail-order catalog sales. If the business only sends the catalog to residents of a particular state that is not sufficient enough to subject the company to...
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...that could not exist but for cyberspace. Chapter 22 examines computer crime and the statutes enacted to combat this growing problem as well as the erosion of our personal privacy. Freedom of speech, online gambling and cybermedicine issues are also examined in light of contemporary applications and influences resulting from the Internet. CHAPTER OUTLINE I. COMPUTER CRIME AND CYBERCRIME A. Definitions 1. Computer crime consists of crimes involving: • Computers • Computer systems • Computer applications. 2. Cybercrime consists of computer crime that takes place in cyberspace 3. The Internet facilitates a number of opportunities for crimes to occur. 4. Typical cybercrime abuses include: • Hacking • Spreading of viruses • Fraud • IP theft • Appropriation of trade secrets • Defamation B. The USA Patriot Act, 2001 1. The USA Patriot Act provided significant new powers to federal law enforcement agencies. 2. In conjunction with the Patriot Act, an executive order issued by President Bush expanded the power of federal investigators. 3. The Patriot Act and executive order strengthened the federal powers relating to: • Computer and cyberspace communication ...
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