...In the United Kingdom, we have a constitution that is uncodified and therefore not entrenched within our politics. Essentially, this makes it far easier to amend than a codified one and thus some groups have begun calling for such a constitution to be introduced. These groups cite the constitution in the USA, which forms the foundation of all political decisions; if a proposed law is found to go against the constitution, it is rejected. Supporters of a codified constitution for the UK say that this will give citizens inalienable rights which cannot easily be manipulated or even overturned by the government. A constitution is based around a general consensus of what people should be able to do or not do. Constitutional agreement forms the foundations of the concept of a rule of law. In the USA, their written constitution means that the relationship between citizens and the law is clearly defined. If a constitutional law is violated, there can be no debate over it. This means that the law has more authority in the land. However, in the UK, there is not one legal standard of our constitution and thus whether or not it was violated can be questioned. This can potentially lead to a moving of the goalposts – if the constitution is not entrenched, it is easy to change. Therefore it is impossible to hold everyone to the same standard even though the rule of law states that everyone is bound by it, because the government can essentially do what it likes in terms of manipulating or...
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...Parliament Source Questions (6/10) Specification a) Describe three functions of Parliament b) With reference to the source, and your own knowledge, explain why government needs an effective Parliament c) Analyse the main factors that limit the effectiveness of Parliament Jan 2010 a) With reference to source, what changes to the second chamber are proposed? b) With reference to the source, and your own knowledge, explain the arguments for a fully or partly elected chamber c) Make out a case against an elected second chamber Jan 2011 a) With reference to the source, describe two functions of the House of Commons b) With reference to the source, and your own knowledge, explain how the House of Commons can control the power of government c) To what extent is the House of Commons effective in carrying out its various functions? May 2011 a) With reference to the source, describe three proposals that seek to strengthen parliamentary representation by increasing popular participation b) With reference to the source, and your own knowledge, explain how three of these proposals seek to make government more accountable to Parliament c) To what extent will the coalition government’s proposals bring about an effective reform of Parliament? Jan 2012 a) With reference to the source, why are legislative committees needed? b) With reference to the source, and your own knowledge, explain the ways in which backbench MPs can call government to account c) To what extent has the...
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...MINISTERIAL POWER “For too long the big political decisions in this country have been made in the wrong place. They are not made around the Cabinet table where they should be, but they are taken on the sofa in Tony Blair’s office. No notes are kept and no one takes the blame when things go wrong. That arrogant style of government must come to an end. I will restore the proper process of government. I want to be Prime Minister of this country not a President (Source: David Cameron, The Times, 5th October 2006) “The Cabinet is the committee at the centre of the British political system. Every Thursday during Parliament, Secretaries of State from all departments as well as other ministers meet in the Cabinet Room in Downing Street to discuss the big issues of the day. The Prime Minister chairs the meeting, selects its members and also recommends their appointment as ministers to the monarch. The present Cabinet has 23 members (21 MPs and two peers). The secretary of the Cabinet is responsible for preparing records of its discussions and decisions”. (Source: From a modern textbook) (a) What criticism is David Cameron making of Tony Blair’s style of decision making in source 1? [5] (b) Explain the main functions of the cabinet [10] (c) To what extent have UK Prime Ministers become “presidential”? [25] Or 2 QUESTION TWO THE JUDICIARY A powerful coalition of judges, senior lawyers and politicians has warned that the Government is undermining the civil liberties...
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...Instructor’s Manual Jane Murtaugh College of DuPage BUSINESS IN ACTION 3rd Edition COURTLAND L. BOVEE JOHN V. THILL & BARBARA E. SCHATZMAN Introduction This Instructor’s Manual brings together a set of completely integrated support materials designed to save instructors the trouble of finding and assembling the resources available for each chapter of the text. 1. Course Planning Guide Included in the guide are suggestions for course design, classroom activities, and supplemental teaching aids. 2. Learning Objectives and Summary of Learning Objectives For each chapter, learning objectives and the summary of the learning objectives are listed. 3. Brief Chapter Outlines For each chapter, a brief chapter outline is provided. 4. Lecture Notes and Chapter Outlines For each chapter, a comprehensive outline is provided, as well as a variety of stimulating lecture enrichment materials. 5. Real-World Cases At least two real-world cases related to chapter material are included for each chapter. 6. Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions Answers to the end-of-chapter questions are provided, as well as suggested teaching tips when appropriate. 7. Answers to See It on the Web Exercises Following the end-of-chapter questions, answers to the See It on the Web Exercises can be found, along with tips for the instructor. Answers to Boxed Features In each chapter, students are presented with at least two supplemental “boxes,” both containing questions about the material discussed. Answers...
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...onoECONOMICS RESOURCE | 1 ECONOMICS RESOURCE | 1 ECONOMICS 2009-10: FUNDAMENTALS OF ECONOMIC THINKING Table of Contents Preface to the Economics Resource .................................................................................. 5 Fundamentals of Economics ............................................................................................ 7 The Basic Economic Problem—Scarcity ............................................................................................ 8 Production of Goods and Services .................................................................................................... 10 Increasing Costs ............................................................................................................................... 12 The Factors of Production ............................................................................................................... 14 Benefit-Cost Analysis – Marginal Decision-Making ......................................................................... 15 Marginal Utility and Waffles ............................................................................................................ 17 More on Marginal Utility and the Effect of Prices ............................................................................ 19 Individual and Social Goals .............................................................................................................. 20 Positive and Normative Economics...
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...constantly changing environment and the University of Sunderland cannot accept any responsibility for any changes to addresses. The University of Sunderland acknowledges product, service and company names referred to in this publication, many of which are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks. All materials internally quality assessed by the University of Sunderland and reviewed by academics external to the University. Instructional design and publishing project management by Wordhouse Ltd, Reading, UK Copyright © 2014 University of Sunderland ii Contents vi Introduction Unit 1 1 2 5 7 Concepts, models and theories 20 Introduction 2.1 A comparison of concepts, models and theories relating to competitive advantage 2.2 An evaluation of concepts, models and theories relating to strategic choice Case Study: Ciba Vision 2.3 Concepts, models and theories relating to strategic evaluation Case Study: The University of Exeter Self-assessment questions Feedback on self-assessment questions Summary 20 21 Strategic risk management 43 Introduction 3.1 Why strategic risk management is necessary in today’s climate Case Study: Research In Motion 3.2 Assessing and evaluating different types of risk facing the organisation 3.3 Evaluating risk management processes 3.4 Evaluating the role of organisational culture in...
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...C O D E C ODE v e r s i o n 2 . 0 L A W R E N C E L E S S I G A Member of the Perseus Books Group New York Copyright © 2006 by Lawrence Lessig CC Attribution-ShareAlike Published by Basic Books A Member of the Perseus Books Group Printed in the United States of America. For information, address Basic Books, 387 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016–8810. Books published by Basic Books are available at special discounts for bulk purchases in the United States by corporations, institutions, and other organizations. For more information, please contact the Special Markets Department at the Perseus Books Group, 11 Cambridge Center, Cambridge MA 02142, or call (617) 252-5298, (800) 255-1514 or e-mail special.markets@perseusbooks.com. CIP catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN-10: 0–465–03914–6 ISBN-13: 978–0–465–03914–2 06 07 08 09 / 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Code version 1.0 FOR CHARLIE NESSON, WHOSE EVERY IDEA SEEMS CRAZY FOR ABOUT A YEAR. Code version 2.0 TO WIKIPEDIA, THE ONE SURPRISE THAT TEACHES MORE THAN EVERYTHING HERE. C O N T E N T S Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Chapter 1. Code Is Law Chapter 2. Four Puzzles from Cyberspace PART I: “REGULABILITY” ix xiii 1 9 Chapter 3. Is-Ism: Is the Way It Is the Way It Must Be? Chapter 4. Architectures of Control Chapter 5. Regulating Code PART II: REGULATION BY CODE 31 38 61 Chapter 6. Cyberspaces Chapter 7. What Things Regulate...
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...| SYMBIOSIS CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT & HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT [Constituent of SYMBIOSIS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY (SIU)] (Established under Section 3 of the UGC Act 1956, by notification No.F.9-12/2001 – U.3 of the Government of India) (Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade) ------------------------------------------------- Study of arbitration, dispute resolution and mitigation practices in Indian Infrastructure Sector MBA – Infrastructure Management Batch 2013-15 Semester III Thesis Guide: Dr. Ajit Patwardhan Prepared by: Name | Roll No. | Jasjeet Singh Gill | 2013D02 | Subhashini N. | 2013D17 | Acknowledgement We consider it our privilege to express a few words of gratitude and respect to all those who contributed and wished for the successful completion of our project. We express our deep felt gratitude to Prof. (Dr.) Pratima Sheorey - Director, SCMHRD and college management for providing us with all facilities for making this endeavour possible. We acknowledge with a deep sense of gratitude, the constant help and guidance provided by our thesis guide and faculty Prof. (Dr.) Ajit Patwardhan at all stages of our project work. He has been an eternal source of inspiration and knowledge, without him, this thesis, was impossible. We would like to express our thanks in no less measure to Prof. Vasundhara Sen for her constant help. Our sincere thanks to our friends and all the people who directly or indirectly helped us, without which completing...
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...Journal of Economic Literature 2011, 49:4, 1076–1151 http:www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/jel.49.4.1076 The Fundamental Institutions of China’s Reforms and Development Chenggang Xu* China’s economic reforms have resulted in spectacular growth and poverty reduction. However, China’s institutions look ill-suited to achieve such a result, and they indeed suffer from serious shortcomings. To solve the “China puzzle,” this paper analyzes China’s institution—a regionally decentralized authoritarian system. The central government has control over personnel, whereas subnational governments run the bulk of the economy; and they initiate, negotiate, implement, divert, and resist reforms, policies, rules, and laws. China’s reform trajectories have been shaped by regional decentralization. Spectacular performance on the one hand and grave problems on the other hand are all determined by this governance structure. ( JEL O17, O18, O43, P21, P25, P26) 1. Introduction hinese economic reforms, which have been in flux for three decades, have more than doubled China’s economic growth, from an average of 4.4 percent annually before 1978 to an average of 9.5 percent after 1978. * University of Hong Kong and WCU–SNU. The first draft of this paper was written at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) when I was visiting there. The hospitality and generous support of HKUST are greatly appreciated. Comments from participants in conferences and seminars at the China...
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...effort to capture some exemplary initiatives and developments so far as well as discuss the emerging trends. The insights and understanding of the technology trends and ground-level work being done by the banks has been culled from the nominations received from banks for the IDRBT Banking Technology Excellence Awards 2010. The transformation of Indian banks in the last decade has been phenomenal from local branch banking to global presence and anywhere-anytime banking. Most of the regular banking transactions can today be carried out from mobile phones. Sustained reforms and information technology (IT) have played a pivotal role since the initiation of the second phase of reforms post 1998. The benefits of technology such as scale, speed and low error rate are also reflecting in the performance, productivity and profitability of banks, which have improved tremendously in the past decade. Regulatory initiatives from the Central Bank have also played a large role in the banking sector. Robust technology-enabled organizations have now become the mainstay of the industry. Initiatives such as electronic clearing service (ECS), national electronic funds transfer (NEFT), real-time gross settlement (RTGS) have accelerated the pace of technology adoption by banks and enabled interconnectivity between banks. While the focus in the early stages was on technology adoption and aligning/retraining human capital, now with more or less suitable technology infrastructure in place and a young technology-adept...
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...Library and Information Center Management Recent Titles in Library and Information Science Text Series Library and Information Center Management, Sixth Edition Robert D. Stueart and Barbara B. Moran United States Government Information: Policies and Sources Peter Hernon, Harold C. Relyea, Robert E. Dugan, and Joan F. Cheverie Library Information Systems: From Library Automation to Distributed Information Access Solutions Thomas R. Kochtanek and Joseph R. Matthews The Complete Guide to Acquisitions Management Frances C. Wilkinson and Linda K. Lewis Organization of Information, Second Edition Arlene G. Taylor The School Library Media Manager, Third Edition Blanche Woolls Basic Research Methods for Librarians Ronald R. Powell and Lynn Silipigni Connoway Library of Congress Subject Headings: Principles and Application, Fourth Edition Lois Mai Chan Developing Library and Information Center Collections, Fifth Edition G. Edward Evans and Margaret Zarnosky Saponaro Metadata and Its Impact on Libraries Sheila S. Intner, Susan S. Lazinger, and Jean Weihs Organizing Audiovisual and Electronic Resources for Access: A Cataloging Guide, Second Edition Ingrid Hsieh-Yee Introduction to Cataloging and Classification, Tenth Edition Arlene G. Taylor LIbRaRy and InfoRMaTIon CenTeR ManageMenT Seventh Edition Robert D. Stueart and Barbara B. Moran Library and Information Science Text Series Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Stueart, Robert D. Library and information...
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...PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND GLOBALIZATION: ENHANCING PUBLIC-PRIVATE COLLABORATION IN PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY New Delhi, India 7 October 2003 In cooperation with the Eastern Regional Organization for Public Administration United Nations Division for Public Administration and Development Management Department of Economic and Social Affairs Public Administration and Globalization: Enhancing Public-Private Collaboration in Public Service Delivery New Delhi, India 7 October 2003 In cooperation with the Eastern Regional Organization for Public Administration United Nations New York The opinions expressed herein are the responsibilities of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations nor the Eastern Regional Organization for Public Administration All rights reserved. Table of Contents Foreword Pro-Poor Policy Processes and Institutions: A Political Economic Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. ADIL KHAN The Dilemma of Governance in Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JOSE GPE. VARGAS HERNANDEZ Institutional Mechanisms for Monitoring International Commitments to Social Development: The Philippine Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MA. CONCEPCION P. ALFILER Globalization and Social Development: Capacity Building for Public-Private Collaboration for Public Service Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMARA PONGSAPICH Trade Liberalization and the Poor: A Framework for Poverty...
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...Cooperative Strategy ‘The authors have provided an ambitious overview of the cooperative strategy literature. The book will be welcomed by serious students and scholars focussed on this important phenomenon.’ Paul W. Beamish, Canada Research Chair in International Business, Ivey Business School, University of Western Ontario ‘This book provides a comprehensive, well-organized and richly illustrated analysis of inter-firm cooperation. While relevant for managers and business students, it extensively draws on the most up-to-date research, making it also a valuable source for academics studying strategic alliances and the wide array of management issues they raise. Child, Faulkner, and Tallman have done a remarkable job of putting together in a highly consistent way all the knowledge available on what has become an essential facet of business development, namely Cooperative Strategy.’ Pierre Dussauge, Professor of Strategic Management, HEC – School of Management, Paris ‘I highly recommend this book for alliance scholars and practitioners. The breadth of coverage of the practical and theoretical literature on cooperative strategy is one of the book’s primary contributions. The authors demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter and the numerous case studies demonstrate a close connection with actual experience.’ Andrew Inkpen, J. Kenneth and Jeanette Seward Chair in Global Strategy, Thunderbird, The Garvin School of International Management ‘Companies need...
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...Tenth Anniversary Edition Tenth Anniversary Edition TELECOMMUNICATIONS REGULATION HANDBOOK TELECOMMUNICATIONS REGULATION HANDBOOK The Telecommunications Regulation Handbook is essential reading for anyone involved or concerned by the regulation of information and communications markets. In 2010 the Handbook was fully revised and updated to mark its tenth anniversary, in response to the considerable change in technologies and markets over the past 10 years, including the mobile revolution and web 2.0. The Handbook reflects modern developments in the information and communications technology sector and analyzes the regulatory challenges ahead. Designed to be pragmatic, the Handbook provides a clear analysis of the issues and identifies the best regulatory implementation strategies based on global experience. February 2011 – SKU 32489 Edited by Colin Blackman and Lara Srivastava Tenth Anniversary Edition TELECOMMUNICATIONS REGULATION HANDBOOK Edited by Colin Blackman and Lara Srivastava Telecommunications Regulation Handbook Tenth Anniversary Edition Edited by Colin Blackman and Lara Srivastava ©2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, InfoDev, and The International Telecommunication Union All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 14 13 12 11 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, InfoDev, and The International Telecommunication...
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...CRIME, PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE IN A COMPARATIVE AND INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT This book aims to honour the work of Professor Mirjan Damaška, Sterling Professor of Law at Yale Law School and a prominent authority for many years in the fields of comparative law, procedural law, evidence, international criminal law and Continental legal history. Professor Damaška’s work is renowned for providing new frameworks for understanding different legal traditions. To celebrate the depth and richness of his work and discuss its implications for the future, the editors have brought together an impressive range of leading scholars from different jurisdictions in the fields of comparative and international law, evidence and criminal law and procedure. Using Professor Damaška’s work as a backdrop, the essays make a substantial contribution to the development of comparative law, procedure and evidence. After an introduction by the editors and a tribute by Harold Koh, Dean of Yale Law School, the book is divided into four parts. The first part considers contemporary trends in national criminal procedure, examining cross-fertilisation and the extent to which these trends are resulting in converging practices across national jurisdictions. The second part explores the epistemological environment of rules of evidence and procedure. The third part analyses human rights standards and the phenomenon of hybridisation in transnational and international criminal law. The final part of the book assesses Professor...
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