...Reducing Sexism: Equality Between Men and Woman November 2015 Introduction Reducing Sexism –Equality Between Men And Woman * #YesAllWomen! Tweets with key words like “gender” and “violence” reveal that equality between men and women is on the minds of many Americans. An inspiring 1,936,516 tweets put this subject in eighth place within the 10 social issues Americans talk the most about on Twitter (Dwyer, 2014). * Average earnings of men almost always exceed the earnings of women in the exact same occupation (Buckley, 2001). According to Statistics Canada, based on data collected from men and women aged 16 and over, men make an average of $68 500, whereas women make an average of only $45,500. Men employment rates are also significantly higher than women (Statistics Canada, 2009). * Sexual violence is a problem for college communities. The National College Women Sexual Victimization study estimates that one in five college women experience completed or attempted rape during their college years. (Fisher, Cullen, & Turner, 2000). Women have always faced significant challenges throughout their lives due to inequality between men and women. Stereotyping, lack of opportunity, pay differences, sexual harassment, gender-based violence and discrimination represent some of these challenges, which ultimately is disempowering women. This disempowerment has numerous consequences for society today. Times have changed and although unlike in the past...
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...goal, they wanted to explore a certain sexist joke which are the dumb blonde jokes. These type of jokes are unpleasant to women and extremely known and accepted “form of disparaging humor” (Greenwood et al., 2002). They wanted to know how the reactions of women to these jokes would find out the degree of sexist attitudes. There next goal was to determine the line of sexist humor and ambivalent sexism. The dumb blond jokes may show a result to conflicted heterosexual ambivalence so, hostile and ambivalent sexist might react different to these types of jokes. Hostile sexist may like the jokes more than benevolent sexists and with ambivalent sexist may more may not like the dumb blonde jokes that are said. These types of sexist determine if they would like the dumb blonde jokes but their views on women. The last goal was to clarify any conflicting reports on the relativeness of benevolent sexism, gender and sexist humor appreciation. To determine how women would react to being the subject and object of the jokes, the researchers had to put women in an...
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...Gender Roles and the Identities of Women During the late nineteenth century, there were many stereotypical attitudes regarding the roles of gender and the identity of women. Men were usually portrayed as the “breadwinners,” as well as the well-educated and the sole foundation of the family. Men had to show their masculinity by being the very upper-hand of the family. Women are portrayed as sensitive, sweet, caring, faithful, moody, naïve, etc. As a way to complete them as a whole, women needed men in their lives. However, women held the least power of the family and believed that they only had a purpose of being housewives. The ideal images of gender roles between men and women, and the identities of women can lead to stereotypes that are associated with Kate Chopin’s short story “Desiree’s Baby.” In “Desiree’s Baby” by Kate Chopin, gender played a big role in the life Desiree as well as Armand Aubigny. Desiree was described as “beautiful and gentle, affectionate and sincere— the idol of Valmonde” (1). Desiree was illustrated as if she was down to earth and had a very warm personality. At first she was nameless, like most women when they are first named by their primary families and renamed when they get married. Desiree nameless when she was first found by the Valmonde family, and then they took her in as their own and she adopted their family name. Desiree undergoes another name change when she later marries a wealthy man by the name of Armand and inherited the...
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...Estrada vs Escritor (August 4, 2003) Estrada vs. Escritor AM P-02-1651, August 4, 2003 FACTS: Soledad Escritor is a court interpreter since 1999 in the RTC of Las Pinas City. Alejandro Estrada, the complainant, wrote to Judge Jose F. Caoibes, presiding judge of Branch 253, RTC of Las Pinas City, requesting for an investigation of rumors that Escritor has been living with Luciano Quilapio Jr., a man not her husband, and had eventually begotten a son. Escritor’s husband, who had lived with another woman, died a year before she entered into the judiciary. On the other hand, Quilapio is still legally married to another woman. Estrada is not related to either Escritor or Quilapio and is not a resident of Las Pinas but of Bacoor, Cavite. According to the complainant, respondent should not be allowed to remain employed in the judiciary for it will appear as if the court allows such act. Escritor is a member of the religious sect known as the Jehovah’s Witnesses and the Watch Tower and Bible Tract Society where her conjugal arrangement with Quilapio is in conformity with their religious beliefs. After ten years of living together, she executed on July 28, 1991 a “Declaration of Pledging Faithfulness” which was approved by the congregation. Such declaration is effective when legal impediments render it impossible for a couple to legalize their union. Gregorio, Salazar, a member of the Jehovah’s Witnesses since 1985 and has been a presiding minister since 1991, testified...
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...The benevolent way in which Jesus respected and valued women in first century Palestine, significantly revealed the Kingdom of God and highlighted how society can be a more inclusive and compassionate place today. This essay will explicate the Kingdom of God, exemplify the ways Jesus demonstrated the Kingdom of God with women and express the importance of Jesus' teachings in today's society. • Linking sentence to Paragraph 1 The central message of Jesus's teachings, the Kingdom of God, is the conceptual spiritual realm where God reigns as king in the lives of his people. According to Zanzig, Jesus saw the Kingdom of God as the reign of God’s love over the very hearts and lives of people. This delineates that the Kingdom of God is already present among us, thus it is the saving presence of God within us and our...
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...completely pure either. The vibrant imagery in this hymn casts Night as a fearsome conqueror with benevolent intentions. Night’s presence comes with a sense of peril and panic, as her talents strike fear into the hearts of men and women. The hymn labels itself as “a song of praise to a conqueror” in order to portray how the culture understood Night’s power (8). Like any great conqueror in war, Night is invincible, but her power is terrifying. One of the most notable assets of Night is her darkness, which is described as “palpable, black, and painted” (7). This imagery does not limit darkness to existing merely as the absence of light. The speaker refers to darkness as...
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...Thomas Paine’s The Crisis, Number One, and Thomas Jefferson’s The Declaration of Independence display numerous examples of emotional appeal and repetition. These are two benevolent documents using persuasive techniques. During this time period there were many documents written to enlighten the colonist. There may have been a different effect on the colonist’s perspectives if they were exposed to either of these. The Crisis, Number One was more effective on the colonists who were fortuitous enough to view because of persuasive techniques. To begin with, The Crisis, Number One holds many persuasive techniques, including emotional appeal. Thomas Paine writes,” These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot...
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...Shape When I think of how the American culture views the woman body shape as the epitome of feminity, I get a little worried. In our society and in many other cultures, women are judged according to their physical appearance. Whether it is Africa, Asia, or the United States, women psychic can make life easier or harder for them. Many women become obsessed, depressed, and compulsive about their body shape. Body dissatisfaction can lead to eating disorders and low self-esteem Research on eating disorders have been concentrated on the effects of the wafer thin western Europe and North America body types (Forbes, Doroszewicz, Card, and Adams-Curtis, 2004, pg 333). Being wafer then started between the 1940’s and 1950’s. Very slim fashion models paraded across the run ways wearing the latest fashions on display to the world. As we all know, fashion models are seen as some of the most beautiful women in the world. Thus the ideal woman body shape surfaced. Rodin, Silberstein & Striegel- Moore are just a few of the researchers who have concluded that women who achieve extreme slender body types is unhealthy and unobtainable for long period of time ((Forbes, Doroszewicz, Card, and Adams-Curtis, 2004, pg 333). I agree with Brumberg (1997) that although society has allowed women to have equal rights as men, the social expectations of all women body shape have becoming unrealistic and impossible to maintain. If a woman becomes pregnant, she is expected to get back to her pre-pregnancy...
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...addition, she served me my favorite beverage soda. After we finished our breakfast, we went to our destination by bus. We took 961 and there was a mainland citizen behind me. We were lining up and ready to get in the bus. At that moment I can felt she nudged my back and I really abhor it. Seriously, I loathed their outrageous and absurd behavior. After validated my octopus card, I went to upper deck and I found it was full of seat. It indicated I need to stand in the bus over the whole journey. I went down the stair reluctantly. Because of my bad mood, I could not realize I dropped my wallet from my pant pocket. Fortunately, the woman who nudged me before pat my shoulder lightly and reminded me my wallet was on the floor. After this matter, it changed my preconception against the mainland people and I acknowledge there was little part of them obliging, benevolent and courteous. Finally we arrived at the hotel. I past the...
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...EAP 223 Academic Reading – Outside Reader: Things Fall Apart PREREADING STUDY GUIDE – Chapters 1-4 Study Questions for Chapters 1-4 Use these questions to guide you through your reading of chapters 1-4. Document your answers on this sheet to help you study for the quiz on chapters 1-4. ANSWERS: 1. Why was Okonkwo famous? He was a well known, successful wrestler when he was young. As an adult, he was a wealthy farmer and strong warrior. 2. Describe Unoka. He was Okonkwo’s father. He was lazy and improvident. He constantly borrowed money that he didn’t repay. 3. Why had the men of Umuofia called a meeting? The men of Mbaino, a neighboring village, had murdered a woman of Umuofia, and the men wanted revenge. 4. Where does the story take place? It takes place in the village of Umuofia, in Africa. 5. What influence did the oracle have on decisions made in Umuofia? The men didn’t go to war unless the reason was accepted by the oracle. 6. What were Okonkwo’s greatest fear and greatest passion? He was afraid that he would resemble his father. His greatest passion was to hate everything his father loved. 7. What upset Okonkwo most about his son, Nwoye? Nwoye was lazy, not ambitious. 8. What did Okonkwo bring home from his trip to Mbaino? He brought home a boy from the village. His name was Ikemefuna. 9. How did Okonkwo begin his prosperous career? He took gifts to a wealthy man in the village and asked him for some yam seeds. 10. How did Ikemefuna react to living with Okonkwo’s family...
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...Cultural Research: The Basseri of Iran Jennifer Elsberry ANT 101 Michelle Neumyer July 22, 2013 Cultural Research: The Basseri of Iran The Basseri tribe is located in Fars, just south of Iran. They are a traditional pastoral nomadic tribe, and speak the dialect of Farsi. The Basseri live in the hot and barren climate of the Persian Gulf. In this paper I will identify a few aspects of Pastorilism in the Basseri tribe. We will also discuss their religious beliefs and belief in supernaturalism, social organization, kinship, and political organization. Pastoralism is the herding of sheep, cattle, reindeer, goats, camels, and alpaca. According to the definition, pastoralists are people/tribes that move regularly in search of naturally occurring water and grass. (Nowak, B., & Laird, P.2010). "Nomadic pastoralists rely on their animals to fulfill most of their needs, using milk, blood, and meat for food and skins for clothing and tents." (Nowak, B., & Laird, P.2010 sec. 5.2 parr. 1). The nomads practice little to no agriculture due to them moving their herds from place to place. In consequence, the nomads must rely on village farmers for cereals and other necessities. The tribe move their herds on a seasonal schedule, "The Basseri move to high mountain pastures in the Zagros Mountains during the summer and return to the lowlands of southern Persia during the winter." (Crabtree, Pam J. 2006) Pastoral nomads are constantly moving pastures to feed their herds which...
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...In the “The Yellow Wall-paper,” the author, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, writes about a struggling mentally ill woman, named Jane, trying to work through her individuality and her own depression. This story is centered around her bedroom, her mental state, and the yellow wall-paper on the walls in her room. The reader can easily feel the pain, anguish, despair, and struggles of a woman going through a depressive state. Gilman writes about the individual succession of the woman’s mental state through the disarray of the patterned yellow wall-paper. The theme of feminism is exposed by the main characters use of language, her feelings of inferiority, mental struggles, and anger. The language of the narrator in this story is repressive to women, from the beginning and all the way to the end of the story. In the beginning of the story, the language of the narrator appears in a few ways. The ill woman is forbidden by her husband to write in her journal until she is well, to compensate for the loss of work. She feels constricted by her husband to speak freely and writes in a hidden journal. Gilman writes “I would not say it to a living soul, of course, but this is dead paper and a great relief to my mind” (808). Sad and true, but she doesn’t feel that she can tell her husband how she really feels and “the only safe language is dead language” (Theichler 61). The language of male judgment and control is predominant in the beginning of the story too. Her husband and brother both are physicians...
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...Okonkwo's struggle to be a man, show no weakness, no emotion to the people he loves, and his struggle to be nothing like his father reveals and developes a theme to Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe. Okonkwo dissapproves and hates everything his father standed for, so one day at a meeting Okonkwo being intolerant of failures (men with no titles, whom are also called women) tried killing a man's spirit at a meeting for contradicting him. “Without looking at the man Okonkwo had said: This meeting is for men. The man who had contradicted him had no titles. That was why he had called him a woman.” Okonkwo's pride is then turned into embaressement and pitty, because “The oldest man present said sternly that those who palm kernels were cracked for them by benevolent spirit should not forget to be humble....
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...and discover new hobbies. They also valued, making profit rather than seeing blacks as equals they believed blacks were inferior by the color of their skin, thus black people's only purpose in life is to do laborious tasks. One quote that supports this belief is the slave-owning president Thomas Jefferson (On Indians and Blacks (1784)) letter, in this letter he states "...as uniformly as in the preference of the Oran-Utan for the black woman over those of his species". This quote provides a perspective of...
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...Sex Roles DOI 10.1007/s11199-014-0418-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Are You Man Enough to be a Nurse? The Impact of Ambivalent Sexism and Role Congruity on Perceptions of Men and Women in Nursing Advertisements Kimberley A. Clow & Rosemary Ricciardelli & Wally J. Bartfay # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Abstract Framed by role congruity and ambivalent sexism, the current study is designed to investigate perceptions of male and female nurses. Specifically, 167 Canadian undergraduates from Southern Ontario viewed a potential nursing recruitment advertisement (female nurse, male nurse, or masculinity emphasized male nurse), reported their perceptions of the nurse in the advertisement, and rated the appropriateness of nursing as a career for men and women. MANOVAs revealed that participants viewed the male nurses more negatively (less competent and more deviant) in the masculinity emphasized condition than the male nurse condition, which is consistent with role congruity theory. Correlations further revealed that men in the male nurse condition and women in the masculinity emphasized condition who were higher in hostile sexism were more likely to rate the depicted male nurse as deviant than their lower scoring peers. Female participants rated nursing as a more appropriate career for men than did male participants, suggesting that resistance toward male nurses may stem primarily from other men. The ambivalent sexism scores of men and women related differently in each...
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