...Chapter 1 The Canadian Financial Reporting Environment Prepared by: Dragan Stojanovic, CA Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto The Canadian Financial Reporting Environment Role of Financial Reporting • Financial statements and financial reporting • Accounting and capital allocation •Stakeholders Objective of Financial Reporting •Management bias •Users’ needs Standard Setting • Need to develop standards • Parties involved in standard setting • Standard setting in a political environment GAAP • GAAP hierarchy •Professional judgement • Role of ethics Challenges Facing Financial Reporting • Globalization of companies and capital markets • Impact of technology • Changing nature of the economy • Increased requirement for accountability 2 The Canadian Financial Reporting Environment Role of Financial Reporting • Financial statements and financial reporting • Accounting and capital allocation •Stakeholders Objective of Financial Reporting •Management bias •Users’ needs Standard Setting • Need to develop standards • Parties involved in standard setting • Standard setting in a political environment GAAP • GAAP hierarchy •Professional judgement • Role of ethics Challenges Facing Financial Reporting • Globalization of companies and capital markets • Impact of technology • Changing nature of the economy • Increased requirement for accountability 3 Characteristics of Accounting 1. Identification, measurement, and communication of financial information about;...
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...Intermediate Financial Accounting (ACCT 3200) • M-W-F 2:30-4:20 in AE 208 • Important Dates – – – – – Intermediate Financial Accounting Friday May 13, 2016 – First Midterm (25% of grade) Monday May 23, 2016 – No class Friday May 27, 2016 – final date to withdraw Friday June 3, 2016 – Second Midterm (25% of grade) Friday June 17, 2016 – Final Exam (1:30-4:30) (45% of grade) • Quizzes will be announced the class prior Copyright © John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. 1 Copyright © John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Welcome! Welcome! A little about me… 2 A little about YOU!… Copyright © John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. 3 Copyright © John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. 4 1 09/05/2016 INTERMEDIATE ACCOUNTING How to be successful in this class TENTH CANADIAN EDITION Kieso • Weygandt • Warfield • Young • Wiecek • McConomy • This is a summer session class = quick • This is a 3rd year class = challenging – Quick + challenging = be organized • Do the assigned homework (min. 1:1) • Read the chapter beforehand • Come to class CHAPTER 1 The Canadian Financial Reporting Environment • Exams will have – Multiple choice & matching questions – Short answer questions – Problems – mini cases Prepared by: Dragan Stojanovic, CA 5 Copyright © John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. As edited by Jeff Kent, CPA,CA M.B.A. The Canadian Financial Reporting Environment CHAPTER 1 The Canadian Financial Reporting Environment Financial ...
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...CHAPTER 1 THE CANADIAN FINANCIAL REPORTING ENVIRONMENT Multiple Choice—Conceptual Answer No. Description d 1. Accounting characteristics. a 2. Nature of financial accounting. c 3. Definition of financial accounting. a 4. Financial reporting entity. d 5. Efficient use of resources. d 6. Capital allocation process. c 7. Assessing management stewardship. c 8. Objectives of financial reporting. a 9. Role of AcSB. c 10. Body responsible for setting GAAP. b 11. Preparation of biased information. d 12. Parties instrumental in development of reporting standards. d 13. Stakeholders in the financial reporting environment.. a 14. “Due process”. d 15. Causes of subprime lending crisis. d 16. Management bias. b 17. Adoption of IFRS. c 18. Role of OSC. d 19. Definition of GAAP. b 20. Changing nature of the economy. d 21. Exercise of professional judgement. c 22. Major factors in the reporting environment. a 23. Impact of technology on financial reporting. b 24. Nature of the “Balanced Scorecard”. a 25. Responsibility for financial statements. d 26. GAAP for private enterprises. d 27. Reporting principles b 28. SOX. a 29 AcSB’s standard setting process Exercises Item Description E1-30 Objectives of financial reporting. E1-31 Role of securities commissions and stock exchanges. E1-32 User needs. E1-33 Sources of GAAP. E1-34 Standard Setting. E1-35 Challenges facing financial reporting. E1-36 Stakeholders...
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...Accounting Chapter 1 – The Canadian Financial Reporting Environment Financial Statement and financial reporting Characteristics of Accounting: 1. Identification, measurement, and communication of financial information 2. About economic entities 3. To interested persons - Financial accounting – The process that culminates in the preparation of financial reports that covers all of the enterprise’s business activities and that are used by both internal and external users -Managerial accounting – the process of identifying, measuring, analyzing, and communicating financial information to internal decision-makers -The most frequently provided financial statements are: 1. Statement of financial position 2. Statement of income 3. Statement of cash flows 4. Statement of change in equity 5. Note disclosures Accounting and capital allocation -The accounting profession has the important responsibility of measuring company performance accurately and fairly on a timely basis Stakeholders -Stakeholders – are parties who have something at risk in the financial reporting environment, such as their salary, job, investment, or reputation -Users of financial information includes anyone who prepares, relies on, reviews, audits, or monitors financial information Objective of financial reporting -Provide financial information about the reporting entity that is useful to present and potential equity investors, lenders, and other creditors in...
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...CANADIAN TIRE CORPORATION, LIMITED 2012 Annual Information Form February 21, 2013 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM CANADIAN TIRE CORPORATION, LIMITED TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. Corporate Structure Description of the Business 2.1 Retail Business 2.2 Financial Services Business 2.3 Seasonality of the Business 2.4 Intangible Properties 2.5 Economic Dependence 2.6 Lending 2.7 Financing of the Business 2.8 Risk Factors 2.9 Employees 2.10 Social and Environmental Policies General Development of the Business 3.1 Retail Business Developments 3.2 Financial Services Business Developments 3.3 Other Business Developments Capital Structure 4.1 Description of Capital Structure 4.2 Market for Securities Dividends Security Ratings Transfer Agents and Registrars Directors and Officers Interests of Experts 1 1 2 10 11 12 12 13 13 13 15 15 16 16 21 21 23 23 24 25 26 27 27 32 32 33 i 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Legal Proceedings and Regulatory Actions 11. Additional Information ANNEX A – Audit Committee Mandate and Charter Certain brands mentioned in this report are the trade-marks of Canadian Tire Corporation, Limited, Mark’s Work Wearhouse Ltd., FGL Sports Ltd. or used under license. Others are the property of their respective owners. CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING INFORMATION This Annual Information Form, and the documents incorporated by reference herein, contain forward-looking information that reflects management’s current expectations related to matters such as future...
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...b fhthethregTHE EFFECTS OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT AND CANADIAN EQUIVALENT, BILL 198/CSA RULES, ON CANADIAN CROSS-LISTED STOCKS Ben Amoako-Adu * Financial Services Research Centre School of Business and Economics Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3C5 Telephone: (519)-884-0710 x 2327 Email: bamoako@wlu.ca Vishaal Baulkaran Financial Services Research Centre School of Business and Economics Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3C5 Telephone: (519)-884-0710 x 2846 Email: baul2810@wlu.ca ________________________________________________________________________ * Direct correspondence to the contact author, Ben Amoako-Adu. This research was presented at the 2008 Eastern Finance Conference in Florida and the 2008 Midwest Finance Conference in San Antonio, Texas. We would like to thank the discussants of the paper at the above conferences. An earlier version of this paper was discussed at Wilfrid Laurier Finance Workshop in 2007. THE EFFECTS OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT AND CANADIAN EQUIVALENT, BILL 198/CSA RULES, ON CANADAIN CROSS-LISTED STOCKS Abstract Following the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), Canada subsequently implemented similar SOX-type rules on Canadian firms by enacting Ontario Bill 198 and the enforcing several of the Canadian Securities Administrators’ (CSA) rules. This paper tests the impact of the Canadian equivalent, Bill 198/CSA rules, on Canadian firms listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. First, we examine...
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...Overview Essentially, this case requires students to perceive how the reporting environment of a company has changed. A private company has tapped new sources of financing in order to meet competition, and those sources are imposing a GAAP constraint on the company for the first time. The company’s must reconsider its financial reporting objectives and therefore the company’s accounting policies. The “required” asks for a report from an accounting advisor to the company’s board of directors. A good response should be in report format. Dear Ms. Bissau: I am pleased to honour your request for advice concerning Dubois Limited’s financial reporting objectives and financial measurement methods. Congratulations on obtaining the necessary financing for your new and expanded facilities and processes. Dubois Limited has been a private enterprise since its inception. As a private enterprise, it has not been necessary for your company to provide financial statements to external users, except perhaps occasionally to a bank for a credit line or a short-term loan. However, you have issued a significant number of shares to a venture capital company that now owns 35% of the company’s outstanding shares. Although you are still a private company, Dubois will henceforth be required to provide audited financial statements to the Mangle Group, prepared on the basis of generally accepted accounting principles. As well, you have an arrangement with a major bank to provide substantial...
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...IFRS The Changeover A Guide for Users of Financial Reports A Canadian Performance Reporting Board Publication IFRS The Changeover A Guide for Users of Financial Reports A Canadian Performance Reporting Board Publication The IFRS Changeover — A Guide for Users of Financial Reports Copyright © 2010 The Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants 277 Wellington Street West Toronto ON M5V 3H2 www.cica.ca ISBN 978-1-55385-512-5 Printed in Canada Disponible en français July 2010 i PREFACE This guide is published by the Canadian Performance Reporting Board (CPRB) of the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants. Its purpose is to provide a perspective for users of external financial reports on matters arising from Canada’s imminent change in accounting standards for public companies. Members of audit committees and preparers may also find this guide a useful reference. For fiscal years commencing in 2011 and thereafter, Canadian GAAP for most public companies will transition to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). These global accounting standards should improve international financial reporting comparability in an increasingly global business environment. The conversion to IFRSs will potentially result in a myriad of changes in an entity’s financial statements, and, therefore, its performance metrics. In some cases these changes will have no material consequences. In others, however, the changeover will have a material impact...
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...Accounting Horizons Vol. 27, No. 2 2013 pp. 301–318 American Accounting Association DOI: 10.2308/acch-50434 Capital Structure, Earnings Management, and Sarbanes-Oxley: Evidence from Canadian and U.S. Firms Kelly E. Carter SYNOPSIS: I examine Sarbanes-Oxley’s (SOX) effect on capital structure. I find that SOX is associated with higher long-term debt ratios, as firms listed in the U.S. raise their long-term debt ratios by 2 to 3 percentage points. This finding is consistent with the idea that, although the reduction in information asymmetry associated with SOX could prompt managers to increase equity financing, debt is still safer and less costly than equity in the SOX era. Further analysis shows that the increase in debt occurs in the two quarters prior to SOX, suggesting that firms anticipate a higher cost of debt after SOX and acquire debt while it is relatively cheap. Also, firms that heavily (lightly) manage earnings prior to SOX use less (more) debt after SOX. This result is consistent with the view that firms that aggressively manage earnings before SOX reveal intrinsically weaker earnings after SOX, casting doubt on those firms’ ability to repay debt and relegating those firms to issue equity for financing purposes. Keywords: capital structure; earnings management; debt ratio; Sarbanes-Oxley. JEL Classifications: G32; G38. Data Availability: Data available upon request. Kelly E. Carter is an Assistant Professor at Morgan State University. I...
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...businesses have declared bankruptcy. C) There have been some notable American accounting scandals, such as Enron. D) Lengthy prison sentences have been given to unethical American executives, such as Bernie Madoff. Answer: C 4) Which of the following is true about the standards for publicly accountable enterprises in the CICA Handbook, Part I? A) The standards are similar to U.S. GAAP. B) The standards are adaptations of IFRS that have been tailored to Canadian circumstances. C) The standards are similar to ASPE. D) The standards are identical, word for word, to IFRS. Answer: D 5) Which of the following private companies is required to use IFRS? A) Investment companies B) Import/export companies C) Manufacturing companies D) Accounting firms Answer: A 6) What accounting standards are private banks and investment funds required to follow for their consolidated, general-purpose, publicly issued financial statements? A) IFRS B) ASPE C) NFP accounting standards D) PSAB recommendations Answer: A 7) Which of the following Canadian accounting standards are not included in the CICA Handbook? A) Publicly accountable enterprises B) Private enterprises C) Not-for-profit organizations D) Government Answer: D 8) What accounting standards should...
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...Comparative Reporting Harmonization can be described as the ‘Process of increasing the comparability of accounting practices by setting bounds to their degree of variation’ (Page 75). In Essence, it is the continual effort of implementing a global set of standards, in which there is if not none, minimal differences between financial reporting in countries all around the world. For many modern day businesses, it is important to have a set of financial statements that appeals to a wider audience of investors and shareholders in which they can hope to receive important investments. The process of Harmony around the world seems to be a challenge, however in 2006, Canada’s accounting board, AcSB, made a strategic move in giving the option for firms in the public sector the choice of presenting their financial statement in accordance with IFRS which would be in effect as of January 2011. This essay seeks to establish the influential factors that shaped the accounting standards in Canada, and to distinguish any key differences in relation to the UK accounting system using the Canadian private enterprise, Good Group. This paper will primarily focus on the Private sector that choose to present under the ASPE system, as both Canada and UK use different accounting standards for which they implement in this sector. Canada’s Accounting System Like many other countries around the world, Canada has multiple accounting standards to meet the needs of different segments within their...
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...in this expanding economy. Currently, India represents less than 0.5 percent of Canadian exports and less than 1 percent of Canadian imports (Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada). Moreover, India, as a destination, represents less than half a percent of Canada’s total FDI outflows. It should be noted however that services are notoriously difficult to measure and that these statistics may not be truly representative of Canada’s involvement in the India economy. The Asia-Pacific Foundation of Canada (APFC) estimated in 2002 that Canadian firms sold $336 million in commercial services to the Indian market, which is about 2.5 times greater than the value reported by Statistics Canada. Also, in a limited sample of 43 Canadian companies, the APFC reported that investment into India from Canadian firms represented $284 million, which is about twice Statistics Canada’s reported value. The discrepancy in these statistics could be due to investment originating from Canada flowing through a third-party country prior to entering India and to the difficulty in reporting the trade in services. An example of this would be the case of Mauritius, which recorded 12 times more investment in India as Canada. However, the majority of investment originating from Mauritius is global firms taking advantage of the India-Mauritius tax treaty, which results in Canadian investment being under-recorded in India. Another example of underreporting is between...
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...2009 CORPORATE PROFILE Le Château is a leading Canadian specialty retailer offering contemporary fashion apparel, accessories and JANUARY 30, 2010 JANUARY 31, 2009 STORES SQUARE FOOTAGE 352,214 319,762 117,321 128,768 35,575 28,083 16,200 19,332 9,203 3,480 1,029,938 17,591 STORES AND SQUARE FOOTAGE STORES SQUARE FOOTAGE 371,240 360,017 139,605 133,025 38,148 28,083 20,157 19,332 15,314 3,480 1,128,401 17,591 ONTARIO QUEBEC ALBERTA BRITISH COLUMBIA MANITOBA NOVA SCOTIA SASKATCHEWAN NEW BRUNSWICK NEWFOUNDLAND P.E.I. TOTAL CANADA TOTAL UNITED STATES 75 68 27 27 8 7 5 5 3 1 226 4 73 65 26 27 7 7 4 5 2 1 217 4 footwear to style-conscious women and men. Our brand's success is built on quick identification of and response to fashion trends through our design, product development and vertically integrated operations. Le Château brand name merchandise is sold exclusively through our 230 TOTAL LE CHÂTEAU STORES 230 1,145,992 221 1,047,529 stores. All stores are in Canada, except for four locations in the New York City area. In addition, the Company has 9 stores under license in the Middle East. SALES (in ‘000) 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 150,000 100,000 200,000 SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (in ‘000) 07 08 09 50,000 0 07 08 09 Le Château, committed to research, design and product development, manufactures approximately 40% of the Company's apparel in its own Canadian production facilities. NET EARNINGS (in ‘000) 40...
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...Accounting Reporting Criteria The world of accounting can look quite universal to any outsider. Most people assume that when you are dealing with money and business that everyone follows the same standards regardless of where the company is located. This is not the case when dealing with companies in different companies that do not utilize the US GAAP. While there are some aspects that may be similar there are many differences between these types of companies and how they perform different accounting transactions. Regulatory Environment The regulatory environments in the United States and the International business community have some very distinct differences that make them very unique. In the United States due to major corporate scandals that have occurred in the past, such as Enron, have brought about some major changes with regard to corporate governance. “The US Government passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 which, among other things, set out specific guidelines for the behavior of directors of boards and senior management” (2008,p.2). The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was created to set specific standards that all companies would have to abide by. This act also created an “oversight board titled the Public Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) was established to serve as a regulator of the accounting firms that audit public companies” (2008, p.2). The Security and Exchange Commission monitors the PCAOB and maintains changes and updates to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. These boards...
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...Advanced Accounting Beams Anthony 11th Edition Solutions Manual Click here to download immediately!!! http://solutionsmanualtestbanks.blogspot.com/2011/10/advanced-accountingbeams-anthony-11th.html ----------------------------------------------------------------------Advanced Advanced Advanced Advanced Accounting Accounting Accounting Accounting Beams Beams Beams Beams Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony 11th 11th 11th 11th Edition Edition Edition Edition Solutions Solutions Solutions Solutions Manual Manual Manual Manual -------------------------------------------------------------------------***THIS IS NOT THE ACTUAL BOOK. YOU ARE BUYING the Solution Manual in e-version of the following book*** Name: Advanced Accounting Author: Beams Anthony Edition: 11th ISBN-10: 0132568969 Type: Solutions Manual - The file contains solutions and questions to all chapters and all questions. All the files are carefully checked and accuracy is ensured. - The file is either in .doc, .pdf, excel, or zipped in the package and can easily be read on PCs and Macs. - Delivery is INSTANT. You can download the files IMMEDIATELY once payment is done. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us. Our response is the fastest. All questions will always be answered in 6 hours. This is the quality of service we are providing and we hope to be your helper. Delivery is in the next moment. Solution Manual is accurate. Buy now below and the DOWNLOAD LINK WILL APPEAR IMMEDIATELY once payment is...
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