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The Characters of Gilbert & Sullivan: Real or Fiction

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Submitted By cathy2013
Words 1189
Pages 5
Cathy Caligiuri
ENG 498: Senior Seminar
Dr. Alanna Preussner
Gilbert & Sullivan Research Paper
5 March 2013
The characters of Gilbert and Sullivan:
Real or Fiction? Who inspired some of the famous, and infamous, characters of Gilbert and Sullivan? Although we will never know the exact answer to this question, it is one that has been very highly contemplated, and argued over, for some time. The characters that are most argued over would be Reginald Bunthorne and his rival, Archibald Grosvenor. There have been many speculations about which poets of the time were the inspiration for the characters, but the most likely candidates would have to be Algernon Swinburne, Oscar Wilde, Robert Buchanan, Dante Rossetti, Coventry Patmore, and W. S. Gilbert himself.
To begin, the character of Bunthorne has a base mostly in Wilde, Rossetti, and Swinburne. There is plenty of sufficient evidence for any one of these poets to be the primary influence for Bunthorne. At the time Patience was being debuted, Oscar Wilde was just beginning to emerge into society as a well known artist. He began to strut around town in some rather outlandish outfits and was becoming known for his crazy ways. Similarly to Wilde, Bunthorne is described as the “fleshly poet” of the play, and there have been many renditions of the play where Bunthorne is portrayed to look like Wilde was often described as dressing. He would wear velvet knee pants, and would often be carrying a flower of some kind around with him.
The resemblances shown between Wilde and Bunthorne are what could be the cause of the speculations that Wilde’s lecture tour in the United States was set up to get America prepared to go and see Patience when it made its way to the States (Bradley 19). Another similarity between Bunthorne and the young poet is that both end up with nothing in the end. The very last line of Patience is, “Nobody be Bunthorne’s Bride!” (Gilbert 197); in Wilde’s life, he ends up in exile during the last parts of his life without any of the people he holds most dear to his heart.
Despite all of the above mentioned similarities between Oscar Wilde and Reginald Bunthorne, the former had only one play out in circulation at the time Patience debuted in April of 1881 (Gilbert 156). It was not until June of that very same year that Wilde published his first book of poetry (Wilde 1247). The timing of these publication dates allows for speculation that, due to Wilde’s limited social exposure at the time, Bunthorne might not be based quite as much on Wilde as everyone thought. There is, however, also a good amount of evidence that Bunthorne was based primarily on the Victorian poet Dante Rossetti.
Within the play, Gilbert and Sullivan make a lot of references to Rossetti and his works. Gilbert mentions Lilies several times throughout the play in reference to, or from, Bunthorne. This is a connection to Rossetti’s The Blessed Damozel, and Max Beerbohm’s cartoon, Rossetti’s Name is heard in America. In the painting which Rossetti based his poem on, the featured flowers are Lilies. Within Beerbohm’s famous cartoon, Rossetti is depicted as holding a ‘faint Lily,’ which is what Bunthorne tells the ladies to think about before he recites his first poem, “Oh, Hollow! Hollow! Hollow!” to them (Gilbert 165). The speculation that Rossetti was in fact the inspiration for Bunthorne is not lessened by the fact that Rossetti himself believed that the character was based on his person (Fischler 369).
The second big character in Patience who is potentially based off of a real life person of the time is Archibald Grosvenor. Some of the influences for the character of Grosvenor are Patmore, Gilbert, and Buchanan. The similarities between Patmore and Grosvenor are not so much related to the looks and actions (like they are with Bunthorne and his counterparts) as they are to his personality and the content of his poetry. As Gilbert writes him, Grosvenor has the insipid personality of Patmore (Fischler 375). It is this creation of personality that most shows the correlation between the two poets. Fischler also mentions that the pattern and content of Grosvenor’s poetry is very similar to that of Patmore. Patmore focuses his poems on “conventional morality,” just like Grosvenor’s poems, “Gentle Jane” and “Teasing Tom,” are in the play (376).
A slightly less insipid speculation for the inspiration of Grosvenor is the author of the play himself, W. S. Gilbert. This connection is made through the outcomes and purposes of the play. In the end of the play, Grosvenor ends up leading everyone, except for Bunthorne, away from the ‘anti-bourgeois’ behavior they are all obsessed with throughout the entire play. This is also what Gilbert is trying to accomplish with the play (Fischler 374-75). This connection is further enhanced by having Grosvenor rewarded at the end of the play. This correlates with Gilbert’s life due to the fact that by giving the play such a happy, wanted ending, Gilbert himself ends up being rewarded as well.
There are now two final poets of the time that have yet to be addressed—Swinburne and Buchanan. These two poets seem to be some of the most likely combination of influences for the two characters of Bunthorne and Grosvenor respectively. This seems to be because of the ‘rivalry’ between both sets of poets in real life and within the play. Gilbert also gave Bunthorne the same poetic styles as Swinburne used in real life. When we see that Bunthorne ends up alone and unmarried at the end of the play, the connection is further enhanced due to the fact that Swinburne remained married his entire life (Fischler).
There will never be a way to know exactly who Gilbert meant to base his characters off of, or if he meant to do that at all. What can be known with slight certainty is that the characters were “associated directly with many contemporary figures, but fully identifiable with none of them” (Williams 376). Gilbert was a genius when he wrote the characters of the play by not associating with one in particular, but letting people guess at who the inspirations were.

Works Referenced
Bradley, Ian. “Gilbert & Sullivan and the Victorian Age.” History Today 31.9 (1981): 17. Academic Search Premier. Web. 26 Feb. 2013.
Fischler, Alan. “It Proves that Aestheticism Ought to be Discarded: W. S. Gilbert and the Poets of Patience.” Nineteenth- Century Literature 66.3 (2011): 355-382. California UP. Web. 26 Feb. 2013.
Gilbert, W. S. and Arthur Sullivan. The Complete Plays of Gilbert and Sullivan. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1941. pp. 157-197. Print.
Jenkins, William D. “Swinburne, Robert Buchanan, and W. S. Gilbert: The Pain That Was All but a Pleasure.” Studies in Philology 69.3 (1972): 369-387. North Carolina UP. Web. 26 Feb. 2013.
Wilde, Oscar. Collins Complete Works of Oscar Wilde. Glasgow: HarperCollins, 2003. pp. 1247. Print.
Williams, Carolyn. “Parody and Poetic Tradition: Gilbert & Sullivan’s Patience.” Victorian Poetry 46.4 (2008): 375-403. Academic Search Premier. Web. 26 Feb. 2013.

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