...An optimistic comparison of British National Healthcare and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act During the past 5 years we have heard a great deal of rhetoric regarding socialism and healthcare as a result of the passing of the Affordable Care Act, particularly in how ACA compares to socialized medicine in England and the UK. The concerns of the people regarding socialism are important as our country is founded on capitalist principals, and to change those principals requires a complete shift in our thinking. A close look at the systems in question reveals important aspects for consideration; indeed it is important to be aware of the potential future of the ACA. While the English National Healthcare System and the Affordable Care Act have similarities, funding and administrative differences mean that while the ACA could become socialized, it does not currently fit that label. The primary concern of the American people concerning the ACA is, understandably, how this system will fit into the capitalist system that we are so very proud of and whether it will be the start of our nation moving toward complete socialism. Merriam-Webster defines socialism as “any of various economic and political theories advocating collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods”. In other words, the state controls business and commerce directly rather than through governmental regulations. Social services...
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...Healthcare systems have been debated for years in the United States, and have led us to fall behind the race for affordable high quality health insurance for all our citizens. To be able to comprehend how this can be achieved, we must examine various other systems and see how they are implemented. For over a decade the front runner in universal healthcare has been France. This country is truly a measuring stick for others who want to provide universal healthcare, and I believe for the United States in this particular situation should be the country that we want to imitate the most. Solely by imitating we cannot really achieve our main goal, we must put effective legislation into effect and provide our citizens with ample information to get them knowledge about this system. I truly believe by proposing a plan similar to French and examining the reasons through a consequentialism point of view we can understand why healthcare is a right that others should not interfere with. Having that kind of view brings on a heavy burden on trying to explain what is the morally correct right for healthcare, in answering the question in simple terms the moral right way to provide healthcare is through a comprehensive system that allows all resources to be available to those who need. This brings the very tough dilemma of how we can provide that many resources to our entire population. To answer that and the distribution of our new drug we will examine the French system of healthcare. To determine...
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...Andrei Panait 9758402 PHIL235 November 20, 2012 Biomedical Ethics Term Paper: Socialized Health Care While many countries today have some sort of public health program, their effectiveness is not conclusive and there is undoubtedly a great deal of controversy regarding all aspects of socialized modern health care. In North America but more so in the United States, there is a deep-rooted stigma associated with all things that relate to socialism, most likely due to history and the negative reputations of most countries with this sort of economic system. Capitalism does seem to fit the American way of life and even some aspects of human nature as we are generally competitive and compelled to have freedom of choice. However there is another aspect to human nature that drives us towards more collectivist ideals and it is found in our compassion, caring for others, unity and social solidarity. When exploring these issues the most important problems seem to occur at the extremities of the spectrum and in similar ways. Capitalism has allowed people to gain absurd amounts of wealth, often through corruption and deceit, and that wealth gives them unimaginable power while socialism tends to be corrupt and oppressive. This leads us to the obvious deduction that no system is perfect, whether it is a public or private health care system, a capitalist market or a democratic government, some might seem foolproof in theory but all have their flaws in practice, probably due to...
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...In the US, healthcare has always been a controversial issue. On March 23, 2010, President Barack Obama signed into effect the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare. This law the President signed puts into place comprehensive healthcare reforms that will affect the next 4 years and beyond. Some of the large reforms that will happen are benefits for women, strengthening Medicare, holding more insurance companies accountable, and young adult coverage. Women will be benefited from the Affordable Care Act by having preventive services covered and having more insurance options. Young adults will benefit from the Affordable Care act because coverage will be available for children up to 26 years of age. By far, the largest thing that goes into effect started this year, which states that every American will have access to affordable healthcare insurance options. The Act ensures that low income and middle-income families get tax credits that cover most of their insurance coverage cost. Also, more low- income people will receive Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act. By establishing these reforms, specifically the later one, millions of people who were not insured previously will be receiving healthcare. The health Insurance Marketplace was created for people to be able to compare their different health plans, see if they receive tax credits pertaining to the Affordable Care Act and private institutions. Healthcare in the United States is spread out over distinct organizations...
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...6FRunning head: HEALTH CARE ACCESS SB 810 THE CALIFORNIA UNIVERSAL Health Care Access SB 810 the California Universal Health Care Act Polly Ankenbauer Grand Canyon University Health Care and Economic Analysis HCA 255 Barri Mallin August 12, 2011 The purpose of this assignment is to choose a legislative proposal regarding health care access and discuss the current program as well as ways the new legislation will improve access. The proposal chosen for this assignment is, State Senate Bill 810 authored by Senator Mark Leno; a Democrat from the city of San Francisco and presented in March 2011 as The California Universal Health Care Act. This landmark legislation establishes a modern universal health care system to cover every California resident with comprehensive benefits for life, building upon the well-tested principles of our popular Medicare program that American seniors have relied on for decades. SB 810 provides universal care without increasing overall health care spending in California (One-care 2011). Currently residents of the state of California are either privately insured through employer benefit, private pay, or enrolled in either the Medi-cal or Healthy Families Program and a large percentage are without health insurance. SB 810 is a “Medicare for All” style single-payer health care reform plan. Single-payer is a term used to describe a type of financing system. It refers to one entity acting as administrator, or “payer.”(Mclaughlin & Mclaughlin...
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...Executive Summary The health care in the United States has often been credited with being some of the best money can buy, though with the caveat that it does not provide health care to all its citizens, and millions are left with woefully little or no health care coverage. However, in Canada, universal health care serves its entire population, though there is also criticism that the care it does provide lacks the quality of the most expensive health care services in the U.S. This paper will examine the truth behind the quantity and quality argument between the universalized health care in Canada and the health care system in the U.S., while also taking into account the recent reforms made to the U.S. system and how it impacts such a comparison. Canada and the United States Comparison of the health care systems in Canada and the United States are often made by government, public health and public policy analysts. The two countries had similar health care systems before Canada reformed its system in the 1960s and 1970s. The United States spends much more money on health care than Canada, on both a per-capita basis and as a percentage of GDP. In 2006, per-capita spending for health care in Canada was US$3,678; in the U.S., US$6,714. The U.S. spent 15.3% of GDP on health care in that year; Canada spent 10.0%. In 2006, 70% of health care spending in Canada was financed by government, versus 46% in the United States. Total government spending per capita in the U.S. on health...
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...medicines and doctor bills. With the Government providing free healthcare to all legally employed citizens with some stipulations; this would only help boost the economy by providing more jobs, lower health care premiums and lower expenses for small business owners. Having a free health care system in place could have many great benefits for the United States. When a person is sick and unhealthy the last thing they should have to place their focus on is how a bill will be paid. The cost of these expenses are completely overwhelming to the middle class everyday working families. Our healthcare system has evolved throughout the history of the United States, Americans first promise of health care started out with a simple article written by our founding father. Within the Preamble to the Constitution is an introductory, succinct statement of the principles at work: “ We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America” (‘Preamble| Constitution | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute’). Within this quote “to promote the general welfare” is a demand for the government to provide for the welfare for its citizens. Although this topic has been a debate for many years, in 1965, President Johnson made a promise...
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...In a way, communism is an extreme form of socialism. Many countries have dominant socialist political parties but very few are truly communist. In fact, most countries - including staunch capitalist bastions like the U.S. and U.K. - have government programs that borrow from socialist principles. "Socialism" is sometimes used interchangeably with "communism" but the two philosophies have some stark differences. Most notably, while communism is a political system, socialism is primarily an economic system that can exist in various forms under a wide range of political systems. Comparison chart | |Communism |Socialism | |Philosophy |From each according to his ability, to each according to |From each according to his ability, to each according to| | |his needs. Free-access to the articles of consumption is |his contribution. Emphasis on profit being distributed | | |made possible by advances in technology that allow for |among the society or workforce to complement individual | | |super-abundance. |wages/salaries. | |Economic System |The means of production are held in common, negating the |The means of production are owned by public enterprises | | |concept of ownership in...
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...improve these particular issues. The Universal Health Care system is used in Canada; this provides coverage to all the citizens of Canada (Canadian Health Care, 2007). It is executed on either a territorial or provincial basis, staying within the guidelines that have been made by the federal government (Canadian Health Care, 2007). The United States on the other hand has a hugely private system, with multiple payers, leaving the US citizens no choice other than to pay out of one’s own pocket in order to obtain health insurance, also Americans are not fully insured or even partially insured like the citizens of Canada are (Canadian Health Care, 2007). Each country spends a large amount of funding for their health care systems. Canada had spent over eleven percent of its overall GDP on health care, the United States on the other hand had spent 17.4 percent of its overall GDP this year (United North America, 2013). On the other hand, Canada has been shown to spend much less of the GDP on their health care, but it still has been shown to be superior to the U.S. on two of the more common health care measures, such as the infant mortality rate and the life expectancy rate (United North America, 2013). Each country is very different from each other, but they also both have similar problems with the management of their health care systems. Canada guarantees that all their citizens...
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...[pic] Title: Total and State Medicaid Spending Growth FY 2000 - FY 2012 Description: With the expiration of federal stimulus funding in 2011, state spending on Medicaid is projected to rise 28.7% in 2012, while overall Medicaid spending will increase 2.2%. Source: Historic Medicaid Growth Rates, KCMU Analysis of CMS Form 64 Data; FY 2008, 2009 and 2010, KCMU survey of Medicaid officials in 50 states and DC conducted by Health Management Associates, 2011. Topics: Medicaid / CHIP Included in these Slideshows: KFF.org Data Spotlight Slide Date: October 28, 2011 Introduce the issue. Describe the problems in the U.S. healthcare system and how we might use another nation's healthcare system for reform. Evaluate how a new system would improve access to care, quality of care, and the efficient utilization of resources. Define the problem. a. High insurance premiums and out of reach for many American who remain uninsured. b. Drug companies are widely perceived as greedy and insensitive. c. Differences in prescription patterns related to insurance coverage. d. Medicaid patients are more likely to be prescribed generic drugs than patients who have commercial health insurance. e. Unethical behavior by the insurers that shows many institutions have violate fundamental values. f. Negative relationship between the insurers and physicians, personal-satisfaction ratings for health insurance plans, public concern about HMOs in particular and the health care...
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...Ballesteros noted in her latest study on urban housing subsidies that, despite policy changes through the years, the public sector housing program still does not address the problems on scale. Ballesteros explained that subsidies for housing programs, whether through upfront grants, government direct funding, low interest mortgages, tax exemptions or underpriced risk insurance, could have been put into more efficient use by the government. “Overall, direct subsidy to the low-income housing sector has been limited,” said Ballesteros, adding that in an effort to reduce losses from financial transactions, government has further restricted financing to the low-income sector through lower exposure of funders and the higher loan ceilings on socialized and low-income packages. Fiscal costs greater concern Ballesteros stressed, however, that an even greater concern than subsidy flows are the fiscal costs associated with losses incurred by government financial institutions (GFIs). She noted that in the mid ‘90s, the main administrator of government-subsidized housing finance programs, the National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation or...
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...Internet. We experience it subtly and overtly in all cultures and across nations in incidents ranging from ethnic slurs to hate crimes to violence carried out in the name of ideology. Such incidents of violence tend to be easily seen as they fall within the public domain. Less visible, however, but often more devastating, is the domestic violence that occurs within the family and often against women. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) (2001) notes in a summary of research done on four continents that as many as 20 to 50 percent of all women in the studies reported experiencing partner violence. But what are the links among domestic violence, health care profession, nurses, and ethics? In moral philosophy, there is a long tradition of debate on whether true moral dilemmas can exist, some arguing that it will always be possible to decide which obligation should prevail. On this concept regardless of the abstract possibility of an ideal resolution and the pragmatic reality that decisions are made and people have to live with them. An ethical dilemma presents a choice that must be made between two mutually exclusive courses of action, each of which is perceived to rest on a moral obligation that carries significant weight for the actor confronting the dilemma. According to Draucker (2002} addresses intimate partner abuse as repeatable and increasing patterns of violence against women by men in their attempts to gain power. She notes that because this abuse occurs in a continuing...
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...the impacting the Medicare, Medicare patient services and employees. Most of the people in the island think that the Affordable Care Act is giving more security and help to address the existing disparities in the healthcare system. With the new Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act, the insurance companies can no longer drop the coverage if one becomes sick, bill individual into bankruptcy because of an annual or lifetime limit, and they will not be able to discriminate against anyone with a pre existing condition. Most of the Medicare and Medicaid community suffers do to the imbalance in our healthcare system this situation affects the quality of care and places a financial strain on the government, individuals and families, employers and employees, and public and private providers. Most of the Medicare beneficiaries have to enroll in the MA program to help them to succeed and receive the adequate treatments without MA to help the disadvantaged seniors on the island, Puerto Rico's elderly citizens will be forced to turn to Mi Salud in larger numbers. Although Mi Salud is scheduled to receive an average of $690 million annually during the next five years, the widening deficit in MA funding is likely to create a net negative impact on federal funding for healthcare in Puerto Rico. The Health care Policies and Issues Ethical concerns and issues The Affordable Care Act (ACA) policies are intended to give patients more access to health care without any restrictions as...
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...care delivery system To evaluate why the system has been resistant to national health insurance reforms To explore developments associated with the corporatization of health care To speculate on whether the era of socialized medicine has dawned in the United States “Where’s the market?” 81 26501_CH03_FINAL.indd 81 7/27/11 10:31:29 AM 82 CHAPTER 3 The Evolution of Health Services in the United States Introduction The health care delivery system of the United States evolved quite differently from the systems in Europe. American values and the social, political, and economic antecedents on which the US system is based have led to the formation of a unique system of health care delivery, as described in Chapter 1. This chapter discusses how these forces have been instrumental in shaping the current structure of medical services and how they are likely to shape its future. The evolutionary changes discussed here illustrate the American beliefs and values (discussed in Chapter 2) in action, within the context of broad social, political, and economic changes. Because social, political, and economic contexts are not static, their shifting influences lend a certain dynamism to the health care delivery system. Conversely, beliefs and values remain relatively stable over time. Consequently, in the American health care delivery experience, initiatives toward a national health care program have failed to make significant inroads. However, social, political, and economic forces have...
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...HIV Introduction H - Stands for Human. The virus is only found in humans and not in animals or insects. I - stands for Immunodeficiency – This means the virus weakens the bodies' ability to fight other infections. In time this leads to the group of illness called AIDS. V - Stands for Virus. It is an infectious agent that is non cellular. It is capable of self replicating only inside living cell. They are therefore parasitic because they rely on the host cell multiplication mechanism. AIDS A-Acquired an acquired condition is the one that is not inborn. AIDS patient acquire a condition that makes them not able to fight infections. I - Immune A normal human being has an immune system that helps them fight disease. The immune system involves structures such as the skin to keep away entry bacteria and other pathogens. The environment we live is full of micro organisms some living in the air, others water and others in food. Our bodies are well adopted to keep away these micro organisms. D – Deficiency. When it comes to HIV AIDS there is deficiency of adequate immunity. HIV virus infect immune cell (to be particular T-helper or CD4+ cells). T - Helper cells are very instrumental in the immune system thus when they are attacked by the virus they deplete in number. S - Syndrome: A variety of different symptoms and illness. The grouping of well recognized illness connected with AIDS makes a syndrome. TYPES OF HIV Two types of HIV are currently recognized: HIV-1, HIV-2. - Transmission...
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