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The Depressing Thirties

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US HISTORY - THE DEPRESSING THIRTIES

THE GREAT DEPRESSION (1929-1941): FROM THE STOCK MARKET CRASH TO WORLD WAR II

I. IMPACT ON THE AMERICAN PEOPLE A. HOMELESS AMERICANS 1. HOOVERVILLES - SHANTYTOWNS BUILT OF SCRAP MATERIALS BY THE HOMELESS ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF MANY CITIES 2. HOBOS - OVER 1 MILLION MEN AND CHILDREN WANDERING THE RAILS FOR WORK 3. BREAD LINES & SOUP KITCHENS - ATTEMPT TO END HUNGER AMONG HOMELESS B. FARMERS 1. 1929-32 - 400,000 FARMS LOST TO FORECLOSURES 2. DUST BOWL - DRAUGHT AFFECTS THE PLAINS FROM CANADA TO MEXICO; KANSAS, TEXAS & OKLAHOMA HARDEST HIT; ONE STORM HAD A CLOUD 3 MILES HIGH WITH WINDS THAT BLEW OVER 100 MPH FOR 5 DAYS ACROSS THE US TO THE ATLANTIC 3. OKIES MIGRATION TO CALIFORNIA - JOHN STEINBECK’S THE GRAPES OF WRATH - WOODY GUTHRIE’S DUST BOWL BALLADS C. VETERANS 1. BONUS ARMY - WWI VETERANS WANT CASH VALUE OF INSURANCE POLICY NOW NOT IN 1945; 17,000 MARCH ON DC CONGRESS VOTES DOWN BILL & 2,000 WON’T LEAVE; MacARTHUR & IKE USE ARMY AND GAS TO REMOVE VETS; 11 MONTH OLD IS KILLED AND AN 8 YEAR OLD IS BLINDED; BAD PR FOR HOOVER D. WOMEN 1. MARRIED WOMEN HAD TROUBLE FINDING EMPLOYMENT - MARRIAGES DECLINE 2. FRANCES PERKINS BECOMES THE FIRST FEMALE CABINET MEMBER (LABOR) E. CHILDREN 1. CHILD WELFARE SERVICES CUT BY STATES 2. MANY SCHOOL CLOSINGS 3. BREAD LINES AND SOUP KITCHENS F. WORKERS 1. BUSINESS FAILURES - 1929-32 85,000 BUSINESSES CLOSE; 2. UNEMPLOYMENT - 100,000 LOSE JOBS WEEKLY; 1932 - UNEMPLOYMENT REACHES 25% FRUSTRATION LEADS TO MILITANCY AMONG UNIONS & THE UNEMPLOYED G. AFRICAN-AMERICANS 1. INCREASE OF DISCRIMINATION AS THE DEPRESSION DEEPENS H. DEPOSITORS 1. 6,000 BANKS CLOSE (1/4 OF US); 9M SAVING ACCOUNTS LOST

II. FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT - 32ND

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