...the Difference Between Western or Eastern Massage? Shannon Hankins COM/170 May 29, 2012 Mary E. Blackford What Is the Difference Between Western and Eastern Massage? Massage an international phenomenon that has been passed down from generation to generation within groups of people. Massage is a systematic manipulation of soft tissues of the body to enhance health and healing. The primary characteristics of massage are touch and movement. There are many styles of massage therapy. This essay will cover two of the most common groups of massage modalities, Western and Eastern, and explain the overall benefits of massage, the similarities and differences of Western and Eastern massage techniques, and Western and Eastern philosophy of healing behind each one. Although Western and Eastern massage outcome are similar, it is amazing how different their concepts are. Western and Eastern Massage have similar environments. For example, in the massage room sounds of soft tranquil music will be playing, the soft light of candles or dim lighting, the trickling sounds from a water fountain, a lovely sent of aroma therapy and a massage therapist eager to help his or her next client. There are some differences between the two environments. Western massage rooms have a massage table, where his or her clients will undress and get under the sheets like getting into bed. The massage therapist will use lotion or oil on his or her client’s skin during the massage session. Eastern massage...
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...Eastern Educational Philosophies Abstract Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism are compared for historical, ideology, and epistemology, searching for Eastern Philosophy compatible to Western Philosophy. A research for possible influences on Education of Philosophy discovered that it was impossible to bring comparisons and even difficult to separate them into the key issues. Colonialism and Nationalism brings the two philosophies together. Even though the Western mindset can appreciate the fascination concepts it may be impossible to blend East and West. However, it is possible to juxtapose the very different philosophies as it may be represented in the arts. Even Western Philosopher who have been influenced by Eastern Philosophy, it is reasonable to believe it is the philosophers attempt to interpret Eastern Philosophy. However, it is impossible to replicate it. Instead the product is a hybrid and independent of either East or West. Eastern Educational Philosophies Eastern philosophy has a long and varied history. Asian ideas are among the oldest in the world. Great thinkers of the East have developed sophisticated cultural and political systems that have influenced other religions as well as western philosophy. This paper will examine ideological, epistemological, and historical differences in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Ways in which these philosophies have shaped higher education theory and practice are of major importance to educators. ...
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...Culture • Culture Models • Articles on Cultural Difference • Create a new folder in your “favorites” called Culture. • Next, search your literature and the Internet (for instance, write in Google “definition of culture”) and collect and file at least 10 different definitions. • Discuss the contents with your tutor and select the one you like best. Definition of Culture There are lots of definitions of culture in scholar or public, in the book it defined:”Culture is the holistic interrelationship of a group’s identity , beliefs , values , activities , rules , customs , communication patterns , and institutions.”(Dodd, 1997, p.36)Furthermore , culture teaches significant rules , rituals , and procedure. Culture reinforces values. Culture teaches relationship with others.1 Culture Models This model demonstrates elements of culture composing a system.The inner core lies at the most significant level.The second and third set of elements are tied to the core , but remain an area for some degree of flexibility and change.(Dodd, 1997, p.38)2 Economic and Work Educational Technology and Material Religious Systems Kinship Systems Cultural Rules and Customs Political Systems 1 History Identity Beliefs Values World View Artistic Communication Carley H. Dodd(1997),Dynamics of Intercultural Communication,p,36 22 Carley H. Dodd(1997),Dynamics of Intercultural Communication,p,38 3 Health Systems Below are the five inner core elements of...
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...Statement Culture difference is a common phenomenon in the world. When we visit every places, we might encounter lots of kind of cuisines, communication mode, languages…etc. Nevertheless, conflicts, competitions and depressions may derived by Nation due to culture difference, both of them were proud and advocate to their own culture. At the end, Nations can become competitive. In the following information, it shows that the two behaviours of Australian and Indonesian in their academic culture, and here is my understanding. In fact, there is a huge difference between Eastern and Western culture, which the origins are “Concern” and “Wonder” respectively. “Concern” is about Chinese treat the nature as a respectful organism, they think the nature belongs to every people in the world, that’s why what they are concerning is the safety of the nature, and would not allow anyone to destroy this beautiful scene. Apart from this, Western people think the nature is being unknown and awaiting for someone to explore. They wish to know more about the nature and science is the way that they think they can related to, they rely on statistics to look through the nature which is mostly accurate. And that is they “wonder” about the nature. In other cases, as an international city of Hong Kong, there are a lot of difference in academic culture. Although the education system in Hong Kong is similar to United Kingdom, the teaching skills is totally different. In UK, the aim of education is to inspire...
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...ISSUES IN ACCOUNTING EDUCATION Vol. 22, No. 4 November 2007 pp. 685–708 China Eastern Airlines: People’s Republic of China Accounting Standards, International Financial Reporting Standards, or U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles? John L. Haverty ABSTRACT: China Eastern Airlines, headquartered in the People’s Republic of China, has been listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange since 1997. In its 2005 annual report, China Eastern Airlines presents two sets of financial statements: one prepared under People’s Republic of China accounting regulations, and a second set prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards. In addition, as a listed company on the New York Stock Exchange, China Eastern Airlines files Form 20-F with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. This filing includes a limited reconciliation of net income and net assets from International Financial Reporting Standards to United States’ generally accepted accounting principles. Your job is to examine these financial statements, explore any differences noted between each of the financial statements and U.S. GAAP, and highlight some issues to be included in a financial analysis of China Eastern Airlines for possible inclusion in an investment portfolio. W INTRODUCTION alt Gregory is a junior portfolio analyst at Chartgood, a portfolio manager for several major mutual funds. Susan Bedell, the portfolio manager, just informed Walt that one of the funds she managed, the Global...
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...Central and Eastern European countries like Poland and Romania are strong spots on the global outsourcing map Globalization & Integration Group Project Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 3 Poland 4 Significant savings costs 5 Ability and quality of resources 5 Low risk location 5 Culture Similarity 6 Investment Climate 6 article 7 Romania 8 Government support and business environment 9 Quality of the language and educational skills 9 Low labor costs 10 Culture 10 Intellectual property security and privacy 10 article 11 Comparison 12 Cost competiveness 12 Resources and skills 13 Economic competitiveness 13 Regulation 13 Corruption perception 14 Legal protection 14 Conclusion 14 References 14 Abstract In this paper, we discuss why are the Eastern European countries like Romania and Poland potential destination for outsourcing. Given an economic condition, Geographical advantage, business environment and quality issue explanation of each country. Both countries are economically competitive in outsourcing market in Eastern Europe, promptly emerging as a favorite destination. Introduction Outsourcing is a practice used externally...
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...Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543), an astronomer from Poland came up with a new theory that the solar system actually revolved around the sun. He invented the idea of a solar system. Revolutions (1543) was Copernicus’ final work explaining the heliocentric view of the universe. “The trouble was that nothing he could say or do made people feel they were living on a moving, spinning planet” (Gingerich & MacLachlan, 2005, p. 111) The four major contributors to the development of modern astronomy after Copernicus were Johannes Keppler, Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein. Keppler defended the Copernican system in developing the three laws of planetary motion. Kepler’s First, Second and Third Laws are 1. The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the sun at a focus. 2. A line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time. 3. The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit. ("Johannes Kepler Facts, Quotes, Laws of Planetary Motion, Astronomy, Information", n.d., p. 1) Galileo in some cases is given credit to creating the telescope but in fact, he vastly improved them. His telescope was the first to see the craters of the moon. He also spotted the four moons of Jupiter (now known as Galilean moons). Galileo strongly believed in the Copernican system and was punished by the Catholic Church and labeled a heretic for not believing in the geocentric view...
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...Dillard Brenda Rogers Flecia Williamson European Union 1 Introduction The precursor to the European Union was established after World War II in the late 1940s in an effort to unite the countries of Europe and end the period of wars between neighboring countries. These nations began to officially unite in 1949 with the Council of Europe. In 1950 the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community expanded the cooperation. The six nations involved in this initial treaty were Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. Today these countries are referred to as the "founding members." During the 1950s, the Cold War, protests, and divisions between Eastern and Western Europe showed the need for further European unification. In order to do this, the Treaty of Rome was signed on March 25, 1957, thus creating the European Economic Community and allowing people and products to move throughout Europe. Throughout the decades additional countries joined the community. In order to further unify Europe, the Single European Act was signed in 1987 with the aim of eventually creating a "single market" for trade. Europe was further unified in 1989 with the elimination of the boundary between Eastern and Western Europe - the Berlin Wall. Throughout the 1990s, the "single market" idea allowed easier trade, more citizen interaction on issues such as the environment and security, and easier travel through the different countries. Even though the countries...
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... 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary:..............................................................................................................................2 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................4 Conducting Business Internationally..................................................................................................5 Impact & Role of Culture...................................................................................................................7 Difference between Western & Eastern cultures...............................................................................8 Lenovo in China / Eastern Culture....................................................................................................10 Lenovo in USA / Western Culture....................................................................................................12 Current Affairs.................................................................................................................................13 Conclusion:..........................................................................................................................................14 Reference List......................................................................................................................................15...
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...Journal of World Business 37 (2002) 69±80 Eastern European cluster: tradition and transition     Gyula Bakacsi, Takacs Sandor, Karacsonyi Andras, Imrek Viktor1 Budapest University of Economic Sciences and Public Administration, 1093 Budapest, Hungary Abstract The eastern European cluster consists of Albania, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Poland, Russia, and Slovenia. It has a population of 232 million and a gross domestic product (GDP) of U.S.$772 billion. The cluster's distinctive cultural practices are high power distance and high family and group collectivism. The region is facing signi®cant challenges during its period of transition from communist philosophy to market-based economies. The participating managers value a much greater degree of future and performance orientation, but are strongly attached to their cultural heritage of deep family and group cohesion. They are also highly value charismatic and team-oriented leadership. The challenges and complexities facing the region are explored in the paper. # 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. 1. Introduction This article provides an in-depth look at the eastern European culture. This region is understudied due to its socialist past and was not (with the exception of Greece and Yugoslavia), included in Hofstede's seminal work (1980) or basic reviewing and synthesizing study of Ronen & Shenkar, 1985 comparative study of 25 countries. Over the past few years, a few writers have examined cultural and...
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...Southern Cross University ePublications@SCU Southern Cross Business School 2003 The generation gap and cultural influence: a Taiwan empirical investigation Huichun Yu Peter Miller Southern Cross University Publication details Post-print of: Yu, HC & Miller, P 2003, 'The generation gap and cultural influence: a Taiwan empirical investigation', Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, vol.10, no. 3, pp. 23-41. Published version available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527600310797621 ePublications@SCU is an electronic repository administered by Southern Cross University Library. Its goal is to capture and preserve the intellectual output of Southern Cross University authors and researchers, and to increase visibility and impact through open access to researchers around the world. For further information please contact epubs@scu.edu.au. Post-print of: Yu, HC & Miller, P 2003, 'The generation gap and cultural influence: a Taiwan empirical investigation', Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, vol.10, no. 3, pp. 23-41. The authors Hui-Chun, Yu is a DBA (Doctor of Business Administration) candidate in the Graduate College of Management of Southern Cross University, New South Wales, Australia. Dr Peter Miller is a senior lecturer in the School of Social and Workplace Development at Southern Cross University, New South Wales, Australia. Contact details: Southern Cross University Division of Business PO Box 42 Tweed Heads NSW 2485...
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...How Did International Relations in Eastern Europe Serve to Cause the Soviet Union’s Collapse? The Soviet Union also known as the USSR was a major world power during its existence. Which began with the Russian Revolution of 1917 and went on until its collapse in 1991. The United States and the Soviet Union were ultimately large rivals since the commencement of World War 2, which created conflict known as the “Cold War”. While we are so grateful that a nuclear war did not break out, some believe that billions could have been killed if nuclear war broke out between the two countries. (“What is The Soviet Union”) The ultimate start of the Soviet Union was in 1917, with the frustration and annoyance from the Russians with the monarchy, which was presided by Czar Nicholas II. With this new idea of communism, it was surprisingly embraced by some of Russia’s top intellectuals. Communism, which is the socialist philosophy, which was encouraged and promoted by a philosopher by the name of Karl Marx in his 1848 political campaign. Communism was set in place to hopefully institute a classless, stateless society where, the people owned all means of production. With constant change and improvements, which can be ultimately argued, the intellectuals eventually got their way. While looking and reading about communism on paper alone seemed like a great idea on paper, unfortunately the implementation of communism in the USSR was profoundly corrupt and inevitably deadly to many. After...
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...Introduction Economic globalization is rampant in the business world between all continents. Fueled by transnational circulation of ideologies, languages and the use of bi-lateral ties to improve the economies of less developed countries to the extent of embracing enhanced forms of barter system such as to use the population of a lesser developed country to manufacture products for a 1st world country. Jobs are created for the needy; products are manufactured for the other. Student exchange is a form of a globalization effort where students are exposed to an alternative lifestyle. Candidates who take part in such programs, such as the one run by The Council of Local Authorities for International Relations or CLAIR together with several Japanese Ministries, brings in to Japan, participants from over 36 countries with a total of *4,334 participants to date in a globalized effort to promote grass roots internationalization at the local level by inviting these participants to assist in international exchange and foreign language education in their local governments, boards of education and schools through out in Japan. The Japanese seeks to foster ties between the Japanese citizens and the participants through a project known as JET or The Japan Exchange and Teaching Program. Challenges are plenty, but can be resolved. Let’s take a look at a situation that had taken place a couple of years back regarding a student and her superior during her stay in Japan. * Source...
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...Using Cultural Differences to Determine Motivational Techniques Delta State University Choosing a motivational style is such an important aspect of the culture of a company. Not fully understanding the culture of a company can limit the potential success of employees substantially. Alternatively, when a manager creates a culture of both individual and collective human excellence, employee performance increases significantly. In negative, low-performing cultures, there is confusion about goals and roles, conflict among members, disempowerment, and not much listening. Examples of positive, high-performing cultures include those that have a common known goal, an open flow of communication, a passion to deliver results, and clear roles for decision making (Anderson & Anderson, 2010, p. 189). The question is: how do managers take the business culture from the negative, low-performing culture to the positive, high-performing culture? The answer is motivation! All managers must discover what motivates their employees. Managers also must consider what pushes employees to maintain higher productivity, have increased job satisfaction, meet organizational goals, and strive to be competitive in the job market today. When a leader can understand what motivates his or her employees, then employees will invest in the improvement of the company (Adler & Gunderson, 2008, p. 184). As the business world becomes more global each and every day, managers must also begin to think more...
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...based on the ideals of the penitentiary, what it should be like, the principal goal of a penitentiary, the differences between the two prison models, the benefits and the drawbacks of those models, and the model considered to be the winning model. Penitentiary Ideal and Models of American Prison Unlike American prisons and penitentiary’s we see today, they were much different as we look back into our history in the early eras of how prisons, penitentiaries, and inmates were handled. Penitentiary is defined as a prison or place of confinement where persons convicted of felonies serve their term of imprisonment. Based on the ideals of a penitentiary it is supposed to be a place of humane punishments instead of the harsh physical type. Furthermore, it was supposed to be a specific punishment. It was to be clean and sanitary in comparison to jails. The most important focus and principal goal of the penitentiary was to practice corrective discipline by the creation of habits of industry by the enforcement of rules. Inmates were to work consistently and not idle. It seemed like good intentions and motive went into trying to organize this type of system. The two prison models according to Corrections: The Fundamentals, by Burk Foster. Published by Prentice-Hall. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc, Chapter 2 reading were the eastern and the auburn models. The eastern prison model was completed in 1836 and cost $780,000 it included the use of Quaker reformative imprisonment:...
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