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The Digital Divide

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The digital divide
Jamie R. Harris
INF103: Computer Literacy Author Note
Instructor: Mathias Fok
October 12, 2014

The "digital divide" refers to the fact that certain parts of the population have substantially better opportunities to benefit from the new economy than other parts of the population. Internet and computer use has undoubtedly increased in the United States and the digital divide may be smaller within certain population (Neilson 2006).
The digital divide separates those who are information rich on one side from those who are poor, who live in an underdeveloped country, or who reside in a rural area with no Internet access. In 1990, 22% of all homes in the United States had a personal computer. This percentage increased to 63% by 2001, and in 2004, nearly 75% of all Americans had Internet access in their homes. While this is a high number, and growing daily (especially among multiple-computer households) there are still a significant number of people without computers or Internet access, and they are getting left behind in school and in the workplace (Bowles, M.D. 2013).
Although the majority of Americans now have access to broadband, too many minorities, non-English speaking populations, and members of low income and rural communities remain disconnected. Addressing this digital divide goes beyond providing access to those without it. America must do more to ensure that those who are disconnected understand the need and value that broadband can bring to their lives, whether it is furthering an education, finding employment, accessing health care, or simply paying a bill. Given the wide scope of the still expanding digital divide, help of any kind truly makes a positive impact. Fortunately, the government, nonprofit groups, and private foundations have started programs aimed at narrowing the gap. While the following list of programs and sites by no means covers all the programs in existence, it provides a mixed sampling of the types of initiatives currently underway (Stanford.edu):
Government
* The Schools and Libraries Division (SLD) of the Universal Service Administrative Company (USAC)
Enables schools, libraries, and rural health care providers - that could normally not afford them - with network wiring and access to both telecommunications and Internet services. Otherwise known as the "E-rate" program, requires telecommunications companies to provide services to those eligible at rates discounted from 20 to 90 percent. The highest priority and discounts are given to the most economically or geographically disadvantaged schools and libraries, based on the household incomes of student's families. Congress and the FCC approved $2.25 billion in annual funding. In the first year of funding, the program helped connect 80,000 schools and 38 million children. * The Community Technology Center's program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education
Promotes the development of programs aimed at increasing and demonstrating the value of technology in "urban and rural areas and economically distressed communities." The program awards three-year grants on a competitive basis to fund Community Technology Centers. * The Neighboorhood Networks Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
As a community based initiative, encourages the development of resource and computer learning centers in privately owned HUD-assisted and HUD-insured housing in order to make technology more accessible. Each community independently plans, manages, and funds their Neighborhood Networks center, but HUD often provides grants, loans, and volunteer service. The centers mainly offer computer access, computer assistance and training, GED certification, health and social services. The program currently contains 608 active centers, and plans on establishing 705 more with the help of business and community partners.
Private/Corporate
* The AT&T Learning Network
This program offers free online resources to help families, schools and communities use technology effectively to enhance teaching and learning. A "Virtual Academy" offers an array of online courses, while GetNetWise provides a Web-based resource for parents to safely manage children's access to content. * Microsoft
Public libraries: In partnership with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Microsoft will donate an estimated $200 million in software to create access to technology at public libraries that serve low-income communities.
Working Connections: This 5-year, $30 million grant program supports the development and enhancement of information technology training for underserved populations through the nation's community college system.
Nonprofit
* PowerUp
PowerUp is comprised of more than a dozen nonprofit organizations, major corporations and federal agencies that have joined together to launch a major new multimillion dollar initiative to combat the digital divide. Based in schools and community centers around the country, PowerUP will provide access to technology and guidance how to use it (Stanford.edu).
With all these resources available to communities there should be less of an issue with the digital divide. Living in a rural low income communities where the schools are going to digital books verses continually buying new text books, when the school system cannot afford enough books for each student. Apple is giving grants to supply schools with I Pads so each student is able to accessing these books at home. The one thing that is lacking in these communities is internet access, when the only place you can get on-line is the library or a neighbor that is nice enough to let you use their Wi-Fi. If internet providers offered deals for their services like phone companies do for low income families this would help close the digital gap.

References

Bowles, M. D. (2013). Introduction to Digital Literacy. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.
Nielson, Jakob (November 20, 2006)http://www.nngroup.com/articles/digital-divide-the-three-stages/
Stanford.edu. http://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/cs201/projects/digital-divide/start.html

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