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The Early Pregnancy

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Mitosis in Onion Root Tip Cells
A quick overview of cell division
The genetic information of plants, animals and ot her eukaryotic organisms resides in several (or many) individual DNA molecules, or chromosomes . For example, each human cell possesses 46 chromosomes, while each cell of an onion possesses 8 chromosomes. All cells must replicate their DNA when dividing. During
DNA replication
, the two strands of the DNA d ouble helix separate, and for each original strand a new complementary strand is produced, yielding two identical DNA molecules.
DNA replication yields an identical pa ir of DNA molecules (called sister chromatids ) attached at a region called the centromere .
DNA replication in eukaryotes is followed by the process called mitosis which assures that each daughter cell receives one copy of each of the replicat ed chromosomes. During the process of mitosis, the chromosomes pass through several stages known as prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase . The actual division of the cytoplasm is called cytokinesis and occurs during telophase.
During each of the preceding stages, particular events o ccur that contribute to the orderly distribution of the replicated chromosomes prior to cytokinesis.
The stages of mitosis
Prophase.
During prophase, the chromosome s supercoil and the fibers of the spindle apparatus begin to form between centrosomes located at the pole of the cells. The nuclear membrane also disintegrates at this time, freeing the chromosome s into the surrounding cytoplasm.
Prometaphase.
During prometaphase, some of the fibers attach to the centromere of each pair of sister chromatids and they begin to move toward the center of the cell.
Metaphase.
At metaphase the chromosomes have come to rest along the center plane of the cell.
Anaphase.
During anaphase, the centromeres split and the sister

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