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The Effect of State Income Tax Apportionment and Tax Incentives on New Capital Expenditures

In:

Submitted By jianan920206
Words 13848
Pages 56
JATA
Vol. 25, Supplement
2003
pp. 1–25

The Effect of State Income Tax
Apportionment and Tax Incentives on New Capital Expenditures
Sanjay Gupta and Mary Ann Hofmann
ABSTRACT: This study examines how variations in states’ corporate income tax regimes affect new capital investment by business. Using U.S. state-aggregated data from 1983 to 1996, we find in pooled and fixed-effects regressions that new capital expenditures by corporations in the manufacturing sector are decreasing in the income tax burden on property (measured as the product of the statutory tax rate and the property factor weight), and increasing at a decreasing rate in investment-related tax incentives. The effect of the income tax burden on property is more pronounced for states mandating unitary taxation or the throwback rule. Triangulating our empirical findings with prior analytical and simulation studies suggests the following hierarchy for the relative importance of major attributes of state corporate income tax regimes: the unitary or throwback requirement is most influential on incremental capital investment, followed by apportionment weights and tax rates, and, finally, investment-related incentives. Keywords: state taxation; apportionment formula; tax incentives, unitary business principle, throwback rule.
JEL Classification: H20; H71.

INTRODUCTION he purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence on the effects of variations in states’ corporate income tax regimes on new capital investment by business. Specifically, the study examines whether states with lower income tax burdens on property, measured as a combination of statutory corporate income tax rates and apportionment formula factor weights, experience a higher level of new capital spending by corporations.
In addition, the study examines whether such spending is higher in states with more

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