...WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: a Summary First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care is Safer Care a WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: a Summary © World Health Organization 2009 WHO/IER/PSP/2009.07 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: permissions@who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable...
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...Original Research Article Menstrual hygiene management amongst school going girls in Kisii County, Kenya Definitions Pubic mixed day secondary schools- government schools with both boys and girls who do not board in the school. ABSTRACT Introduction: Menstruation is a natural phenomenon among matured females who experience shedding of blood for 1-7 days every month from the age of maturity until menopause. Menstrual hygiene management is an issue that is insufficiently acknowledged and has not received adequate attention. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and practice on menstrual hygiene among school going girls and assess access to clean, safe and private space for menstrual hygiene management in schools Problem Statement: There is lack of clean, safe and private space for menstrual hygiene purposes. Poor menstrual hygiene practices are affecting the health well being of girls including anxiety, infection, education and discomfort. In mixed day secondary schools, there are no special Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) facilities for the purposes of handling menstruation safely and in dignity Methodology: A descriptive crosssectional study was conducted as from March 2014 to April 2014 on 175 girls recruited from two mixed secondary day schools in Kisii Township. Indepth questionnaires were used to collect data from the girls, key informant interviwers conducted on the head teachers and focused discussions held with 16 randomly selected girls. An...
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...Improving Hand Hygiene through Education Danielle Pizzoferrato NUR/598- Nursing Research Utilization February 10, 2014 Professor Maria Revell Improving Hand Hygiene through Education Section C: Research Support There has been a plethora of research compiled in regards to hand hygiene and infection control. This research has been the driving force behind evidenced based practice for years and has helped revolutionize effective infection control methods. There are still many gaps to be filled. One of the biggest happens to be improving compliance rates among hand hygiene. This has been classified as a problem, but there is not a large array of research on specific interventions. One of the interventions that have been put under the microscope is the effect that education plays on change behavior to increase hand hygiene compliance. The following research articles emphasize this intervention. Article 1 The first article was entitled “Increasing Hand Hygiene Compliance Requires Culture Change” written by Treon, Kelley, Kneebone, and Miles (2007). The purpose of this research focused on designing an innovative educational intervention to increase overall awareness of infection control practices, and to increase overall hand hygiene compliance. The research question proposed was looking to determine if education can cause change behavior and increase hand hygiene adherence. The design of this research consisted of both qualitative and quantitative research providing a blended...
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...QBT1: Task 4 - Revisions January 29, 2013 Western Governors University Alcohol-‐Based Hand Rubs vs. Handwashing Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs versus Handwashing Efficacy Hand hygiene has been the foundation of preventing nosocomial infections throughout the hospital. It has been taught for several generations that hand hygiene is effectively accomplish through the use of handwashing with soap and water. Unfortunately, studies have shown that handwashing practices have fallen out, which have led to a noticeably low compliance rate with health care workers. This in turn has led to an increase of nosocomial infections, and has had a negative impact on improving the health of patients who rely on physicians, nurses and other ancillary staff who have direct contact with them. Fortunately, an introduction of a new product has been able to change the statistical data with low compliance rate for hand hygiene. Some facilities have introduced the use of alcohol-based hand rubs as an alternative to the conventional handwashing techniques to help decrease the rate of nosocomial infections. There are several factors that indicate a better efficacy rate with using hand rubs versus handwashing. Studies have shown that health care workers have listed barriers and constraints that prevent them from practicing proper hand hygiene; therefore, leading to a low compliance rate. The effect of this low compliance rate leads to longer hospital stays, the development of resistant bacterial...
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...hospitalizations will be further complicated by hospital acquired infections (HAI’s) (2010). Examples of HAI’s are wound infections, respiratory infections, infections of the urinary tract and gastrointestinal tract. These infections result in an estimated 90,000 deaths per year (CDC, 2010) and $20 to $40 billion healthcare dollars on preventable complications (CDC, 2009). This study examines the possibilities of arming student’s with a multifaceted approach to hand hygiene and the lasting effects on the practice. After obtaining approval from the medical center’s institutional review board, 75junior-level baccalaureate nursing students consented to voluntary study participation. Although the study indicates the students “agreed” to participate, the question remains whether or not participating in the study was in any way connected to a participation grade for the research course in which the students were concurrently enrolled in at the time of the study. The additional exposure and attention paid to hand hygiene and infection control would benefit these study participants. The major variables are not specifically identified in this study. Some independent variables are: all of the subjects are nursing students, students are junior level enrolled in the research class, and all students will be provided with the same training for the study. Independent variables include: individual perception and understanding if training, retention of information, individuals assigned to...
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...Hand Hygiene Practices in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Multimodal Intervention and Impact on Nosocomial Infection Barbara C.C. Lam, Josephine Lee and Y.L. Lau Pediatrics 2004;114;e565; originally published online October 18, 2004; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2004-1107 The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the World Wide Web at: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/114/5/e565.full.html PEDIATRICS is the official journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. A monthly publication, it has been published continuously since 1948. PEDIATRICS is owned, published, and trademarked by the American Academy of Pediatrics, 141 Northwest Point Boulevard, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, 60007. Copyright © 2004 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0031-4005. Online ISSN: 1098-4275. Downloaded from pediatrics.aappublications.org at University of Southern Queensland Library on August 5, 2014 Hand Hygiene Practices in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Multimodal Intervention and Impact on Nosocomial Infection Barbara C.C. Lam, MBBS, FRCP(Edin, Lond.), FRCPCH(UK), FHKCPaed; Josephine Lee, RN, MSN; and Y.L. Lau, MD (Hons), FRCP(Edin, Glasg. Lond.) FRCPCH(UK) ABSTRACT. Objective. Health care–associated infections persist as a major problem in most neonatal intensive care units. Hand hygiene has been singled out as the most important measure in preventing hospital-acquired infection. However...
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...Effect of Antiseptic Handwashing vs Alcohol Sanitizer on Health Care- Associated Infections in Neonatal Intensive Care Units Introduction This article seeks to determine if alcohol hand sanitizers are as effective as antiseptic handwashing at reducing or eliminating health care associated infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, recommends use of waterless alcohol hand products in lieu of traditional handwashing for patient care, but there is little data demonstrating the impact of this recommendation on health-associated infections. Protection of Human Participants 76.8% (119/155) of eligible nurses agreed to participate in the study and had one or more hand cultures performed. The primary reason nurses refused to participate was unwillingness to perform study procedures, such as completing diary cards. Over the course of the study, 12 nurses withdrew, 9 because they left the study NICU, and 3 because they no longer wanted to participate. Nurses completed 1070 daily dairy cards. No informed consent was obtained. Data Collection A clinical trial using a crossover design in two neonatal ICU’s in Manhattan, NY from 3-1-2001 to 1-31-2003, including 2,932 neonatal hospital admissions (51,760 patient days) and 119 nurse participants. Two hand hygiene products were tested, a traditional antiseptic handwash and an alcohol hand sanitizer....
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...The importance of personal hygiene is a significant consideration. Personal hygiene is considered behaviors which include wearing clean cloths, bathing, washing and combing one’s hair, as well as brushing and flossing teeth. Many people consider these activities an integral part of daily routines. However, some do not. There are physical, emotional, and personal complications for those who do not practice these behaviors. The importance of personal hygiene Good personal hygiene not only enhances our appearance, its importance is directly related to preventing infections, diseases, and keeps us free from unpleasant odors. Practicing proper hygiene is important to your mental health and helps you feel better about yourself. Most people don’t think twice about bathing, visiting their doctor or dentist for routine checkups, handling unsanitary items, brushing their teeth, or washing their hands.They not only do these healthy habits for themselves, they do them to help keep those they care about healthy and safe. The effects of improper hygiene Conversely, by skipping daily hygiene practices you have a greater risk of becoming victim to different ailments and infectious diseases. Poor personal hygiene is a way of broadcasting to people how you feel—it shows low self-esteem, lack of confidence, a state of depression and other mood ailments. People who do not realize the importance of personal hygiene and maintain the least amount of grooming and do not bathe regularly...
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...TEACHING PLAN FOR POOR PERSONAL HYGIENE ] SUBMITTED BY: Bugtong, Marielle Denise T. SLU III – C3 SUBMITTED TO: Ma’am Florence Pulido Clinical Instructor November 14, 2012 Description of the Learner: Learning Need: Learning Diagnosis: Goal: LEARNING OBJECTIVES | LEARNING CONTENT | LEARNING STRATEGIES/ ACTIVITIES | TIME ALLOTMENT AND RESOURCES NEEDED | EVALUATION | After 30 minutes of health teaching, the patient will be able to:1. | * | * Small group Lecture Discussion | 5 minutes * Pamphlet | Instant Feedback: The client will be able to answer the questions about the definition of personal hygiene and hygiene. | 2. | * | * Small group Lecture Discussion | 5 minutes * Pamphlet | Instant Feedback: The client will be able to answer the questions about the effects of Poor hygiene. | 3. | | * Small group Lecture Discussion | 10 minutes * Pamphlet | Instant Feedback: Letting the patient or significant others state the importance of hand washing. | 4. Explain how Proper Hand washing is done | Procedure: * Wet your hands with warm, running water and apply liquid soap or use clean bar soap. Lather well. * Rub your hands vigorously together for at least 15 to 20 seconds. * Scrub all surfaces, including the backs of your hands, wrists, between your fingers and under your fingernails. * Rinse well. * Dry your hands with a clean or disposable towel. * Use a towel to turn off the faucet...
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...(2005) 60, 218–225 www.elsevierhealth.com/journals/jhin Hand hygiene posters: motivators or mixed messages? E.A. Jennera,*, F. Jonesb, B.(C). Fletcherc, L. Millerd, G.M. Scotte a School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, UK School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK c Department of Psychology, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, UK d Institute for Employment Studies, University of Sussex, East Sussex BN1 9RF, UK e Department of Clinical Microbiology, University College London Hospitals, London WC1E 6DB, UK b Received 19 January 2004; accepted 15 December 2004 Available online 17 March 2005 KEYWORDS Posters; Hand hygiene; Message framing; Fear appeals Summary Poster campaigns regarding hand hygiene are commonly used by infection control teams to improve practice, yet little is known of the extent to which they are based on established theory or research. This study reports on the content analysis of hand hygiene posters (NZ69) and their messages (NZ75) using message-framing theory. The results showed that posters seldom drew on knowledge about effective ways to frame messages. Frequently, they simply conveyed information ‘telling’ rather than ‘selling’ and some of this was confusing. Most posters were not designed to motivate, and some conveyed mixed messages. Few used fear appeals. Hand hygiene posters could have a greater impact if principles of message...
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...Hand hygiene is the primary measure for infection control. The purpose for hand hygiene in the health care setting is to remove microorganisms from the hands in an effort to reduce the risk of nosocomial infections. Handwashing reduces the number of transient organisms on the skin surface. Although hands cannot be sterilized, most transient organisms can be removed by 30 seconds of proper scrubbing with soap and water. Proper scrubbing would include vigorous motion with the hands rubbing together and fingers working in between the finger web space and inclusive of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the hands. Microbes that reside in sweat ducts and hair follicles of the skin, however, cannot be dislodged readily. Surveys show that one in five medical professionals carry potentially pathogenic antibiotic-resistant pathogens on his or her hands. Failure to wash one's hands before and after each patient contact is probably the most important contributor to the spread of infections. These microbes pose a...
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...Research Summary Table: Hand Chamberlain College of Nursing Research Summary Table: Handwashing Author, Year of Publication | Purpose | Sample | Design | Findings | Limitations | Creedon, S. (2005) | The purpose of this study is to show hand hygiene from a prospective of clinical behaviors. | A total of 314 hand hygiene observations were reviewed for changes in behavioral patterns, and a total of 62 questionnaires were completed. | A quasi-experimental design with a convenient sample was used. | Improvement in hand hygiene and a decrease in infections was noted at 83%. | No comparison group or random assignment to group | Bisset, L.(2003) | The purpose of this study was to identify whether different healthcare professionals understand the definitions of proper handwashing. | A total of n=105 nurses and n=18 doctors | The design used to complete this study was through questionnaires. | The findings revealed additional training and changes to policy and procedures need to be implemented. The study revealed over 60% of the staff did not know the correct definition of hand hygiene. | No inferential statistics were offered.No comparison group or random assignment to groupNo educational resources were completed. | Smith, S. (2009) | To identify the most effective handwashing practice. | The sample consisted of 5000 deaths that were reviewed. | The design was a systemic review. | Few studies described the effectiveness of handwashing. | No comparison between TBL...
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...My purpose of this speech is to inform my listeners how the lack of proper hand hygiene and the overuse of antibiotics in today's populations is creating a problem in healthcare settings such as infections, increasing mortality rates, longer hospital stays and increasing cost of healthcare. The audience that I would like to focus on for my speech would be healthcare workers in general that have direct contact with patients, due to the fact that they would be responsible for proper hand hygiene to prevent spread of infections and monitor the safety of their patients at all times. The goal of this speech is to bring awareness to the spread of clostridium difficile infections in healthcare settings, its effects on the patient's, and ways to prevent the spread of cdifficile among the healthcare workers with direct patient care that could prevent harm to patients. Shana Roberson 2 What would you think if I told you that according to the CDC, one gram of poop contained one million germs? The first reports of Clostridium difficile, also known as CDiff was originally founded in 1978 as the cause of antibiotic induced pseudomembranous colitis, and according to the CDC, is now the leading cause of antibioticassociated diarrhea in healthcare settings. Research shows that CDiff infections are a problem in healthcare settings due to poor hand hygiene from all healthcare workers that have direct patient care and the overuse of ...
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...Hand hygiene is a practise of evidence-based medicine and the number one way to prevent health-care associated infections (Garbutt, 2011). The term of hand hygiene applies to adequate hand washing, antiseptic hand-wash, antiseptic hand-rub, or surgical hand antisepsis (Garbutt, 2011). Evidence-based practices have been put into place to prevent such infections from occurring. The present paper will examine ways in which health professionals use the five steps of evidence based practices (EBP) to locate, appraise and apply the best available research evidence. In this case, the five steps of EBP will be assessed in conjunction to the practise of good hand hygiene. Liamputtong (2013, p.267) has explained evidence-based practise (EBP) as the use of the best research evidence, clinical expertise, available resources, and patient preferences in respect to clinical decision-making. EBP is taught and practised using five steps to reduce inconsistency and increase efficiency and effectiveness of health care (Liamputtong, 2013, p.267). According to Liamputtong (2013, p.267) the first step of EBP is to ask an answerable question stating the population, intervention, comparison and outcome of the question (PICO). Next, acquire the best available evidence using research strategies (Liamputtong, 2013, p.267). This evidence is then appraised to determine its quality and relevance (Liamputtong, 2013, p.267). The fourth step it to apply the evidence integrated with clinical expertise and...
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...Health promotion empowers people to increase control over, and improve their own health (WHO, n.d.). This essay will highlight the importance of health promotion, particularly in the emergency department with regard to the trending topics discussed in the online forum. The primary focus will be on asthma and hand hygiene in relation to health promotion and the role of the nurse. A recurring theme on the forum was that the emergency department is no exception to holistic patient care, including patient education, which can lead to a decrease in avoidable presentations. Recommendations will be made for implementing these health promotion strategies in the emergency department. Asthma is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease of the airways, affecting approximately 2 million Australians. Asthma was deemed a preventable presentation in emergency departments when high quality care and education was delivered (Newton, Osei-Akosa & Strunk, 2007). The Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention Initiative designed a simple four C strategy of patient education - Choose, Check, Correct and Confirm. While the focus is based on inhaler use, the four C strategy can be altered to suit most presentations (Bateman, Hurd, Bames, Bousquet, et al, 2015). One of the major causes associated with uncontrolled asthma and subsequent emergency department visits was improper inhaler technique (Tapp, Lasserson & Rowe, 2007). As patients can spend many hours in the emergency department...
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