...Psychological Disorder Psychological Disorder Schizophrenia is perhaps one of the most recognized of psychological disorders. The name is familiar to most but very few of those people have a clear concept of how a person develops schizophrenia or the affects it has on a person’s life. A person with schizophrenia has a different view of society and the world around him. Every person goes through the human development process. The human development process can take a different path than most people when a psychological disorder is involved. In this report a look at the relationship between human development, socialization, and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is defined as a psychological disorder where splitting of physic function occur (Pinel, 2007). The symptoms of schizophrenia include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized or catatonic behavior (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Schizophrenia is found in about 1% of the world’s population and the symptoms seem to be the same in every culture. If a family member has schizophrenia there is a 10% greater chance for another family member to develop the disorder as well (US Government, 2009). Genetics therefore play a part in this disorder. The studies have shown that genes are responsible for the development of schizophrenia. There are theories that the gene important in the making of certain chemicals in the brain are not working properly. Abnormal levels of Dopamine are common...
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...the most hindering of these disorders is schizophrenia, which affects about one percent of the entire world population. Once the symptoms of schizophrenia occur, usually beginning in early adult hood, they continue for the entire lifetime of the patient and are almost totally disabling (Sawa & Snyder, 2002). Schizophrenia is a severe psychopathology which is categorized by positive and negative symptoms (Breedlove, Watson & Rosenzweig, 2010). This disorder distorts thoughts and perceptions. It is described as a loss of contact with reality and a disturbance in one's thoughts, perception, mood and movement. This mental disorder starts to become apparent during early adulthood and usually carries on for the rest of an individual's life (Bear, Connors & Paradiso, 2001). Symptoms of schizophrenia can be divided into two categories: Positive and negative. Positive symptoms "reflect the presence of abnormal thoughts and behaviours" (Bear, et al., 2010, p. 695). These symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and catatonic behaviours. Positive symptoms may be related to an excessive amount of dopamine function in the brain, such as the use of antipsychotic drugs which are highly effective in treating the positive symptoms of schizophrenia (Iversen, L., Iversen, S., Bloom & Roth, 2009). Negative symptoms on the other hand reflect the absence of responses that normally present themselves with schizophrenia (Bear, et al., 2010). These include reduced...
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...http://hwsoloutions.com/ Product Description PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PSY 350 Week 1 Final Project Topic Selection, The human body is created with many different organs that work together to control the common functioning of the brain. Since the brain controls all other functioning of the body, if the region organ is injured, poor-body function will follow. If the head suffer an injury disorders of brain may follow including but not limited to, accidents, hereditary, or due to other unsafe environmental conditions. According to research, “failure of communication of the nerves and neurons in the brain can result to development of a brain disorder” (Cannon TD, Cornblatt B, McGorry P (May 2007). Many brain disorders have no cure, and if there is treatment, they leave adverse effects to the person the remainder of their life. Schizophrenia is known as a disorder of the brain. This paper will take a microscopic look at the origin, pathology, treatment options, and diagnostic research associated with schizophrenia. The Origin Schizophrenia is an extremely severe disorder of the brain that causes warp thinking, The human body is created with many different organs that work together to control the common functioning of the brain. Since the brain controls all other functioning of the body, if the region organ is injured, poor-body function will follow. If the head suffer an injury disorders of brain may follow including but not limited to, accidents, hereditary, or due to other unsafe environmental conditions...
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...Genetics, Brain Structure, and Behavior Presentation Evaluation Joshua Osman PSY/340 12/16/2013 Rebecca Wilson Schizophrenia is a complicated chronic condition of the brain which causes a person to interpret reality abnormally. In the presentation “Schizophrenia”, Team B dives into the depths of the disease, thoroughly defining and explaining causes and possible genetic onset, which areas of the brain are damaged or interrupted, and how the disorder can affect day to day life of patients. Cures and treatment options are discussed in detail including therapies, future treatment, and preventative methods. This paper will review the information offered by Team B, discuss the overall quality of the information, and assess the level of organization applied. Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder that not only affects a person's ability to function cognitively, but also their ability to see reality as it actually is. Brain disorders have the potential to impair any number of human functions and schizophrenia is no different. A breakdown of connections in the brain is a significant aspect of this mental disorder which leads to a lack of emotional stability, thought, and ultimately perception. A mental disorder such as schizophrenia is often crippling and disabling to those who are afflicted. Causes of schizophrenia have yet to be pinpointed, but it is believed to be caused by an overstimulation of dopamine, a chemical...
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...Schizophrenia Disrupts Brain Development Monica Jones Behavioral Science and Research Method Southern University and A&M College Lionel Jolla, MSW, LMSW – Professor November 18, 2015 Abstract I embarked on this project because I am interested in how schizophrenia affects the brain and what researchers have discovered as far as medicine for this condition. I am looking for a phenomenon that explains why this disorder is destroying brain volume and how this process can be stopped. Schizophrenia is a baffling disorder that reduces brain volume. When and how does schizophrenia begin is one of my concerns. It is hard to figure out when, why and how schizophrenia begins because it can occur as early as the neonate stage of life and as late as the geriatric stage in life. When schizophrenia starts to decrease brain volume, is the brain fully developed is another one of my concerns. Brain volume decreases in schizophrenia patients naturally, but the antipsychotic medication is a contributing factor also. The antipsychotic medication has been known to have adverse side effects on the brain volume. Have researchers found a medication that has a less severe effect on schizophrenia patient’s brain volume, is another question I am interested in finding the answer too. Schizophrenia is an unexplainable disorder that offers no specific answer to how it occurs. In this study I am hoping to find that specific answer to this brain crippling disorder. MRI scans have been the...
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...is an expert on psychiatric disorders and most importantly an expert on schizophrenia. In earlier years the symptoms of schizophrenia were thought to be in a single brain region. However, with more experts and more studies taking place on schizophrenia we are finding out that there are many areas in the brain that are affected by schizophrenia. Based on empirical data derived from both magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography, we have developed a model that implicates connectivity among nodes located in prefrontal regions, the thalamic nuclei, and the cerebellum(Andreasen, 1998). If there is a disruption in this circuitry it will produce cognitive dysmetria, which will lead to difficulty in prioritizing, processing, coordinating and responding to information. The study of neural mechanisms of schizophrenia has passed through three phases during the past several decades. The first phase was used to demonstrate that schizophrenia was a brain disease. This phase was supported primarily through the use of neuro-imaging techniques such as computerized tomography, which consistently showed that patients had diffuse nonspecific abnormalities such as prominent sulci or ventricular enlargement(Andreasen 1982,1990). The second phase drew on traditions of neurology and neuropsychology, it attempted to localize the anatomic abnormalities and relate specific manifestations of the illness to specific brain regions (Andreasen 1986). Their were specific relationships that were hypothesized...
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...harmful effects (Caspi, 2005). It has attracted copious amounts of media attention regarding the possible long-term effects of smoking cannabis, as it has been suggested it can mediate a number of mental health issues, ranging from psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations (visual and auditory) and to the chronic clinical disorder, Schizophrenia. There has been great discrepancy about the harmful effects of cannabis use, reflected in the constant debate about whether it should be classified as a class B or class C in the 1971 Misuse of Drugs Act (Mcleod, 2010) whereas some even believe it should be legalized. Legalizing cannabis has caused uproar within in social and even scientific settings because some believe its use provokes Schizophrenia, however, there a large number of users who never develop this psychotic illness. Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness characterised by delusions (loss of contact with reality) and hallucinations (visual and auditory) i.e. perceiving stimuli which aren’t present. Schizophrenia has a global prevalence of 1.5%, although, it is unclear what percentage of this is caused by cannabis use. It is huge financial public health issue in both human and material aspects (Murray, 2003) and although it has been reported for many years, ts aetiology is still poorly understood This article aims to evaluate recent evidence concerning this issue to establish whether it should be classified and if so, at what level is reflective of harmful effects. Cannabis ...
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...Disorders Schizophrenia, drug abuse, and anxiety are all complex psychological disorders. When helping someone that suffers from these disorders, you must understand how and why they work the way that they do. All three disorders come with symptoms that can cause people not blend in with society and live a normal life. The right kinds of treatment can help people to overcome the symptoms of these disorders and live a normal life, but they are not curable. Schizophrenia Schizophrenia affects the most crucial parts of the brain: the forebrain, the hindbrain, and the limbic system. The forebrain includes the cerebral hemispheres (hypothalamus, thalamus, corpus callosum, and the limbic system). It controls cognition, sensory and motor functions, temperature regulation, hunger, sleep cycles, and emotional expressions. The frontal lobe of the forebrain causes positive symptoms of schizophrenia like delusions. The temporal lobe of the forebrain distorts sounds and visions causing hallucinations. The hindbrain includes the pons, medulla, and the cerebellum. Schizophrenia affects this part of the brain causing the negative symptoms as in distorted motor functions, body language, and catatonic behaviors. The limbic system includes the hippocampus and the amygdala. The functions of this area of the brain are regulated emotions, memories, learning, and sexual behaviors ("Livestrong.com", 2012). According to "Livestrong.com" (2012), “In a brain affected by schizophrenia this causes affective...
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...The Ignominy of Schizophrenia Al Borbs Understanding schizophrenia may be difficult because of the stigma it conveys to people connected to someone who has the disease, while those afflicted are targets of social prejudice. For those people who believe that the source is based on genetics, like a mother to child transmission, the mark of reproach may be even greater. For some strongly believe that this is caused by genetic factors while some argue that certain neurotransmitters have interplayed with some brain chemicals during the brain development like- a biological effect. There may be studies to identify this problem, but there is no true explanation as to the etiology of how this disease came about, so as to bewilder scientists and psychologists alike. One writing released mentions that this disease has garnered more than fifty thousand journals so far. Having worked in a geriatric-psych unit of our hospital for three years, I was amazed at how serious this illness really is. I began to consider that the people with this disease need a lifetime of attention. These patients, as I have learned, do not believe that they are sick, but they do self-medicate and that is the reason why they become addicted to other drugs. Although most of these patients are not violent, it is the effects of certain drugs that could make them commit heinous crimes and unforgivable acts of violence. Most of these...
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...Schizophrenia is characterized by a broad range of unusual behaviors that cause profound disruption in the lives of people suffering from the condition, as well as in the lives of the people around them. Schizophrenia strikes without regard to gender, race, social class or culture. Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, disabling mental disorder typically characterized by a separation between the thought processes and the emotions (Torrey). Schizophrenia is a common disorder, striking one person in every hundred (Schizophrenia). For most people, young adulthood means leaving home, starting a job and starting a family. For most schizophrenics, young adulthood means first admission to a psychiatric hospital. An unfortunate reality for young schizophrenics is the need for hospitalization during their most vibrant and productive time. The age of the first admission is younger for men than women, early twenties for males and mid-twenties for women. The reasoning behind this variation is not exactly known but there is speculation. One biological theory that exists is the help of the female sex hormones. Scientists speculate that these hormones may help delay the horrifying symptoms that afflict schizophrenics. Another question raised is who gets schizophrenia more commonly, men or women? Studies have shown there is no great variation in the numbers but in the severity of the symptoms. Men seem to suffer more severely. Scientists have attempted to explain this through differences...
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...Understanding Schizophrenia: a Biological Approach NAME: Maria Saldias DATE: 4-28-2011 TITLES OF ARTCILES: 1-“ What Causes Schizophrenia”, by John M. Grohol, Psy.D.& the National Institute of Mental health12,Nov,2006. 2- “The Concept of Progressive Brain Change in Schizophrenia: Implications for Understanding Schizophrenia”, by Linn E. Delisi. 2008 INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a brain disorder, which interferes with normal brain functioning. It is mainly characterize by major disturbances in perception, language, thought, emotions and behavior. Furthermore, it can also trigger hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and lack of motivation (Rosenberg and Kosslyn). Experts now agree that schizophrenia develops as the result of the combination of a biological predisposition, and the kind of environment the person is exposed to. However, not until recent days, schizophrenia was thought to have “no “organic” cause and thus related to the psychological environment that one was born into” (Delisi). In “What Causes schizophrenia, by Grohol, even though the author emphasis how genetic, behavioral and other factors, are interrelated in the development of the disorder, he emphasis his article in how the tools of biomedical research are being used to search for genes or critical moments of brain development. At the same time, “The concept of Progressive Brain Chain in Schizophrenia: Implications...
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...Sillerud June 27, 2010 Mental Illness Schizophrenia is a serious brain disorder that distorts the way a person thinks, acts, expresses emotions, perceives reality, and relates to others. People with schizophrenia often have problems functioning in society, at work at school, and in relationships. It is a life-long disease that cannot be cured, but usually can be controlled with proper treatment. Schizophrenia is not a split personality, which was a popular belief. A person with schizophrenia cannot tell what is real from what is imagined. A sudden change in personality and behavior, which occurs when people lose touch with reality, is called a psychotic episode. Schizophrenia varies from person to person. Some people have only one psychotic episode while others have many episodes during a life time, but live a relatively normal life between episodes. Schizophrenia symptoms worsen and improve in cycles known as relapse and remissions. Schizophrenia There are several types of schizophrenia and some may have the same symptoms. The different types of schizophrenia are named based on symptoms. The different types include: 1. Paranoid Schizophrenia 2. Disorganized Schizophrenia 3. Catatonic Schizophrenia 4. Undifferentiated Schizophrenia 5. Residual Schizophrenia The most common type is paranoid schizophrenia, which causes a person to have fearful thoughts and hear threatening voices. It interferes with normal brain and metal function. It can trigger hallucinations...
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...developmental stages. According to Baltes, (1996), the entire life cycle has four eras. These eras, he says, take an approximate time of 20-25 years. Levinson goes further to identify the developmental periods as childhood and adolescence, early childhood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. At this point in time, it is formal to simplify various terminologies that relation to human development. This is because they will feature constantly in the preceding sections. First and foremost is development. This is simply a change characterized by movement from one state to another. Usually, development leads to transitions. Development, as will be used in this paper, will refer to growth, and progression through certain stages, commonly termed as “maturity.” Another term of significance is stage. This refers to sections that differentiate the various phases of growth. The phases involve changes which are either physical or intellectual and their subsequent impact on life events and experiences. This paper examines the wider field of lifespan development. It begins by exploring the stages of human development. As regards, the stages, the paper focuses on seven main stages i.e. the infancy stage, early childhood, middle childhood, Adolescence, early adulthood, middle...
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...Ideas 1. How did cocaine become so popular in America as well as its direct effect to brain function? Cocaine has been a major drug in the United States since the mid 1970s and it has gotten even popular this day in age. I’ve always been curious to as why cocaine addicts are addicted to cocaine. Why can’t they just stop? Why do they start in the first place? No one just wakes up in the morning and says, “I’m going to be a cocaine addict today.” I want to see the affects cocaine has on the brain that make this drug such a popular and dependable stimulant. In my research paper I will answer these questions and go in depth with what cocaine does to the brain as well as the history of cocaine abuse in the United States. I will show examples of cocaine use as well as the health hazards associated with this stimulate and what exactly happens in the brain with these individuals. 2. Schizophrenia such a dangerous/critical mental illness for the lives of children? Schizophrenia has always been a major topic when talking about psychological/mental illnesses. I’ve always been curious in learning about Schizophrenia and how someone starts showing the symptoms for this particular illness. I took a psychology course in high school and we went into depth with Schizophrenia so I am pretty aware of this situation. In my research paper I will explain and go into depth with what exactly schizophrenia really is and how it has directly effected the lives of over a million children...
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...different areas of the brain play a role in mental disease. Each day we learn more and more about the physiological and the biological relationship of mental disease that goes on in the brain. This knowledge helps to better diagnose and treat patients. Hopefully one day we will know enough to be able and determine an individuals risk for these diseases from a simple blood test or scan. One mental disease suffered by many is Schizophrenia. This disorder present’s itself with both positive and negative symptoms. A positive symptom is classified as something that represents excess or distortion of normal function. This includes symptoms like delusions, hallucinations, incoherent speech or thought, inappropriate affect (failure to react with appropriate emotion to positive or negative events), or odd behavior such as repeating tasks or remaining motionless. Negative symptoms are classified as something that represents reduction or loss of normal function. These symptoms include affective flattering which is the reduction or absence of emotional expression, alogia or reduction of speech, avolition or reduction of motivation, and anhedonia which is the inability to experience pleasure. Early experiential factors are implicated in the development of schizophrenia. These factors include birth complications, early infection, autoimmune reactions, toxins, traumatic injury, and stress. Such factors are thought to alter normal course of neurodevelopment leading to schizophrenia in individuals...
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