...The Galatians from this passage I have just read, are actually the group of early Celtic Christians who settled in the area now known as Turkey. Paul the apostle, wrote this book, Epistle to the Galatians, originally as a letter to the Galatians. It is known that Paul was the creator of the churches of Galatia and was responsible for the alteration from Paganism to Christianity within that area. The primary copy of this letter was not found but a similar copy was located in 200AD. The original copy is said to have been written sometime during 50AD, a significant time for Christianity as Jesus had only died around 20 years prior and there was already a large flow of conversions from other religions to Christianity. In any case, the people that...
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...Hello everybody, I’m Father Dean Baker and this homily will focus on the passage of Galatians 3: 26-29 which is a part of the epistle of Paul to the Galatians. This text was written 49AD and conveys a gospel message of followers continuing and living their life through the grace of god. This homily will be explaining and outlining the world behind the text, the world of the text and the world in front of the text. Paragraph One The World Behind the Text Galatia was a Roman province in central Asia Minor, which is near modern day Turkey .The community of whom wrote it had been settled by immigrant Celts around 250BCE and is characteristic of the Celtic culture in Apostle Paul’s day. To be more specific, it was written in Antioch, a roman...
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...Grace School of Theology NORTH OR SOUTH: Destination and Date of Galatians A Paper Submitted to Gregory P. Sapaugh, Th.M. Ph.D In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of RS-503: Research Methods, Writing, and Technology by William (Brant) Wallace Houston, Texas February 25, 2015 Contents Introduction 1 General Debate 1 Geography of Galatia 2 Diversity and Strategy 2 Advantage for Missional Activities 3 The North 3 Evidence for the Northern Theory 4 History 4 Biblical Reference 4 Character 5 The South 5 Evidence for the Southern Theory 6 Establishment of Churches 6 Inclusion of Galatian Churches 6 Judaizing Controversy 7 The Date 7 Southern Theory 8 Northern Theory 8 Conclusion 9 Bibliography 10 Introduction The date and destination of the Apostle Epistle to the Galatians is a topic of debate.1 The general debate is framed around when and to whom Paul wrote the letter. The two theories surrounding when and to whom Galatians was written are: (1) The North Galatia Theory; and, (2) The South Galatia Theory.2 In an attempt to address the questions of when and to whom Paul wrote Galatians, this paper will address both theories. General Debate In order to understand the prevailing theories, it is important to understand the positions of the general debate. The general debate is whether the letter was addressed to the churches...
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...found chapter 3 Purpose was to tell the Christian Paul's Occasion and Purpose For Writing Galatians From Acts 13-14 we have learned that Paul and Barnabas evangelized the southern part of Galatia[1] during their first missionary journey. Their practice was to first go to the synagogues and preach to Jews and God-fearing gentiles. Shortly after their arrival in each city, Jews raised opposition to Paul and Barnabas causing them to turn to the gentiles and make converts among them. Based on Paul’s previous persecution of Christians, it is not surprising to me that after Paul and Barnabas would move on, other Jewish Christians would come on the scene with a different message. These false teachers, called Judaizers[2], The problem Paul encountered with these Judaizers was with their teaching that those who embrace Christian salvation must also submit to Jewish law, known as “legalism”.[3] Paul’s purpose in writing Galatians was to express his anger and astonishment that not only were the new Galatian believers in the process of turning away (deserting, metatithesthe, as in a military desertion) from the truth but because it was happening so quickly after his last visit to them, or so soon after the false teachers began their work. The departure was not simply from a system of theology but from God Himself, the One who had called them by the grace of Christ (the dominant theme of the epistle). [4] To add emphasis to his argument, Paul states in verses 8 & 9 that if anyone, man...
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...Galatians The book of Galatians is the ninth book in the New Testament. The apostle Paul wrote it to early Christians who resided in Galatia around 49 AD. The genre it falls under is an epistle, which is a letter. The main reason for Paul’s writing this epistle was to show the Gentile believers that the teaching that they had received from their Jewish upbringing, which was that salvation is gained through good works was false and or misdirected and was in need of some tweaking. Instead, the focus needed to be not on following the rules, but on the union and relationship with God. At he beginning of his letter Paul expresses shock because of the way the Galatians were acting. He was specifically concerned about their attitudes towards the Mosaic Law. In the first two chapters of his letter Paul puts emphasis on his personal testimony. He then proceeded to writes about how he received the gospel and how this was the only true gospel. After that in chapters three through five, Paul writes about the importance of faith and how the only way to attain salvation is by trusting and believing in Jesus Christ who is our Savior. The Apostle Paul The apostle Paul also known as the apostle of Christian liberty was born in the city of Tarsus in 10 AD. He came from a devout Jewish family. At the age of fourteen, he left home and went to Rabbi school and was trained by Gamaliel, who was the best rabbi teacher at that time. During this time Paul received his education in Judaism...
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...David Trobisch and David Parker on the Origin of the New Testament, the Historical Jesus, and How Manuscripts Can Reveal What Texts Conceal Tom Dykstra I grew up with a picture of Paul traveling through Asia and Europe, founding congregations, counseling and teaching the men and women who had given their life to Jesus. If he could not visit them, he sent letters. When Paul died, his letters were kept as treasures. Each church that had received one of his letters saved it, had it read during worship services, and exchanged copies of the letter with other congregations close by. Later the congregations tried to complete their collection. But this view does not match the uniformity of manuscript evidence. --David Trobisch 1 It is even more remarkable that attempts to reconstruct the supposed document 'Q' (the lost collection used by both Matthew and Luke postulated by those who argue that Matthew and Luke are independent) use text-critical terminology to describe their activities. However, since all they are doing is making selections from a twentieth-century printed text, which does not even presume to provide confidently the text of the four-Gospel collection, never mind that of the independent first-century texts, this use of language must be dismissed as illusory. --David Parker 2 Modern scholarship has produced detailed biographies of Paul, massive multi-volume inquiries into “the historical Jesus,” and mountains of exegetical literature that claims to extract the author’s...
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...Summary of the books of the New Testament Mark Mark is the first written gospel of the New Testament. Mark is not an apostle, nor is he one of the disciples. It is traditionally thought that Mark is a disciple of Peter. It is unclear as to where Mark was when he wrote this gospel. The gospel of Mark appears to set the stage or pattern for the other written gospels as it may have been used as a source in the composition of Matthew and Luke. Mark uses narrative form to tell the story of Jesus’ life, beginning with His early career continuing until His death. Mark uses stories about Jesus’ teachings, travels, and miraculous works to aid the understanding of His intentions. Mark focuses on the death of Jesus and all the events that led up to the crucifixion. Thus, it is the death of Jesus that is the guiding principle of this gospel, not the life. Many important facts are presented Mark. First, Jesus Christ is the Messiah as stated throughout the Old Testament. Second, Jesus lived a sinless and perfect life, proving He was the Son of God as he claimed. Third, the Gospel tells of His numerous miracle-performing capabilities. Most importantly, Jesus overcame death through His resurrection. In this miraculous event, He proves that there is no power that can conquer Him. The gospel of Mark gives perfect instructions on how God’s people should live; having faith (Mark 2:5), believing in the power of God (Mark 5:36), replacing fear with trust (Mark 4:40), following...
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...of characters in the Bible. In I Thessalonians, He is your hope. In II Thessalonians, He is your glory. In I Timothy, He is your faith. In II Timothy, He is your stability. In Titus He is your reason for serving. In Philemon, He is your benefactor. In Hebrews, He is your perfection. In James, He is the power behind your faith. In I Peter, He is your example. In II Peter, He is your purity. In I John, He is your life. In II John, He is your pattern. In III John, He is your motivation. In Jude, He is the foundation of your faith. The two letters to Timothy and the one to Titus were labeled Pastoral Epistle. The content of the letters reveals the...
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...without. He suggested that the righteousness not only comes from Christ but is also Christ’s righteousness that is ascribed to Christians through faith. In this regard, Luther explored the dissimilarities between the righteousness accorded to Christians as a gift through faith and Christian’s own proper righteousness which works in the power of the gift through Jesus to do different works of mercy and love. Consequently, Luther presented a Latin phrase that further described Christian justification, “Simul Justus et Peccator” which is directly interpreted as “simultaneously just and sinners.” Therefore, this paper will explain and evaluate Martin Luther’s ideas of the double righteousness possessed by Christians using his commentaries on Galatians and Romans as well as his 1519 sermon on two kinds of righteousness. Luther’s ideas on Simul Justus et Peccator and Justification Luther’s sermon on the two kinds of righteousness is associated with the reformers belief of salvation and living by faith and not works. The original justice presented by Luther is the alien righteousness that comes from without. This kind of righteousness is the righteousness of Jesus Christ and is ascribed through faith. Luther quotes the Bible in John 14:6 where Jesus Christ says ‘I Am the way, the truth, and the life.’ this form of righteousness is accorded to people in baptism after believing in Jesus Christ and beyond doubt being repentant. Luther’s argument is that the...
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...Letters of the Epistles. Twenty-one of the twenty-seven Books of the New Testament are letters (about thirty-five percent of the entire New Testament)” (Duvall, J., and Hays, J. (2008), Journey into God’s World: Your guide to understanding and applying the Bible, page 97). Scholars have noted, “James’s letter is one of the earliest (if not the earliest) books of the New Testament” (Hindson, E., and Towns, E. (2013), Illustrated Bible Survey: An Introduction, page 523). The Epistle letter is not without confusion and skepticism as to its authorship. There is much speculation as to James’s identity, since there are two mentioned as an apostle. “James the son of Zebedee and Salome (Matthew 4:21), who was martyred by Herod Agrippa, and James the son of Alphaeus (Matthew 10:3), who was perhaps the younger” (Hindson, E., Towns, E. (2013), Illustrated Bible Survey: An Introduction, pp 521-522). James, son of Mary and Joseph, half-brother of Jesus (Jewish traditionally refers to half-brother as a cousin, Galatians 1:19), wrote his letter to the around AD 40-42 to the twelve dispersed Tribes of Israel. His (James) uncertainty whether they lived in Israel or outside the Promised Land, since the location of James letter cannot be determined. Some scholars believes James letter was written to the twelve Tribes of Israel seeking knowledge on being a Christian on a daily basis, and as a believer in the messiah Jesus Christ. “James has some striking aphorisms in his epistles (a concise statement...
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...Their names are, (John, Andrew, and Peter, Philip, Nathanael, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, Simon and Judas Iscariot and James.) In the city of Galilee Jesus turns water into wine. Jesus disciples, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John wrote the four gospels of Jesus Christ. Jesus travel different cities like, Galilee, Capernaum, and Jerusalem. Jesus is known for his mercies and healing the sick, rising the dead, opening the blinded eyes. Jesus had to stand trial before the authorities about “9am on Friday outside the walls of Jerusalem to the hill of Golgotha.” Jesus was 33 when he died, possibly in the year of “28 or 29 A.D.” THE BOOK OF GALATIANS. “The Epistle of Paul the Apostle of the Galatians.” Paul wrote the book of Galatians in the year around about (49 to 56 A.D.) The book of Galatians is in the New Testament. The book of Galatians has six chapters, “Paul’s Hebrew name was “Saul of Tarsus” and his Roman/ Greek name was Paul.” Paul was born in Roam and his mother and...
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...The Galatians from this passage I have just read, are actually the group of early Celtic Christians who settled in the area now known as Turkey. Paul the apostle, wrote this book, Epistle to the Galatians, originally as a letter to the Galatians. It is known that Paul was the creator of the churches of Galatia and was responsible for the alteration from Paganism to Christianity within that area. The primary copy of this letter was not found but a similar copy was located in 200AD. The original copy is said to have been written sometime during 50AD, a significant time for Christianity as Jesus had only died around 20 years prior and there was already a large flow of conversions from other religions to Christianity. In any case, the people that Paul was addressing were new Christians who had converted from Paganism but were now being tempted by other missionaries to add parts of the Jewish law to the cross of Christ as a way to salvation. Since Paul had visited, a different interpretation of Christianity had been brought to the people by converts...
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...will be coming his team’s way. By protecting those he or she leads from immediate impacts, he or she lets the team focus on execution and what they need to deliver, rather than exposing them directly to sometimes difficult political´ discussions that are being held at the top level of an organization. By freeing the team from needing to invest emotionally in topics that are possibly still undecided or that need refining, the leader sets his or her people free to keep driving towards delivery of plans that were put in place at a certain point in time. If these plans are ultimately changed, the leader can communicate this in a manner that is more refined and buffered. Book: Galatians Principle: A good leader takes the necessary time to think through strategic next moves. Key Verse: Galatians 1:15-17 (ESV): “But when he who had...
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...Justification by Faith By Russell D. Stalvey Introduction A statement that is ancient but also timeless and just as relevant for today’s believers is that we are justified by faith. The Apostle Paul gave insight to this statement very distinctly and in great aspect but to completely understand the statement, we first must possess a foundational comprehension of what it means to be justified. In understanding justification we will see that it is inseparably interrelated to faith, but not just any faith. We will also see that the undertaking of justification by faith has overwhelming effects on the justified. Definition Justification is seen as an act of God’s wonderful grace, free grace that is available to all sinners. God exonerations all of the sins, receives the sinners, not because of anything fashioned in the sinner or performed by the sinner, but only for the unflawed submission and complete satisfaction of the Lord, through God’s impartation and received by faith alone. The Westminster Larger Catechism answers the definition of justification in this manner: “Justification is an ‘act’. It is a courtroom verdict .We are the defendants and charges have been filed against us. The judge passes his verdict. Logically there are only two verdicts available to the judge. One of these verdicts is ‘condemned’, and the other is ‘justified’. If we are ‘condemned’, then the judge has pronounced us ‘guilty’. If we are ‘justified’, then the judge has pronounced us...
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...REL-327-DL01 December 7, 2014 Word Count : 3185 Word Count w/outline: 3286 Galatians 3:1-29 Abstract The purpose of this writing is to discuss the book of Galatians Chapter 3 verses 1-29. My goal is to give you the when, what, who, where and why. I will also do some examination of each verse in this chapter. I hope to give further insight to myself and others on this chapter in the bible. A thesis statement and stated approach in the Introduction Paul is writing this letter to the people of Galatia to combat the teachings of the Judaizers. After he came to tell them about God after he left the Juadaizers came in and started to teach them that they had to follow the Jewish laws. Paul felt that they had been led astray and he wanted to get them back on track. Now the where, who and Paul’s occasion for writing. The first where is Galatia located? Galatia is located in Northern Asia Minor. It was originally populated by Celts. It was reorganized into a Province by the Romans after the last Galatian King died. It added other districts to it to make the Province these areas are Isauria, parts of Lycaonia, Palphlagonia, Pisidia, Phrygia and Pontus. Who was Paul writing to? This is up to debate for the people that Paul was writing to. There is a Northern Galatia Theory, Southern Galatia theory. People that favor the Northern Galatia Theory contend this for a couple of reasons. One would be his use of “You foolish Galatians. This refers to words used closer to residents in Antioch of Pisidia...
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